Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture (한국환경농학회지)

The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture (한국환경농학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Seasonal Soil and Foliar Nutrient Concentrations, and Fruit Quality in a Pesticide-Free Pear Orchard as Affected by Seeding Timing and Method of Cover Crops

녹비작물의 파종시기와 방법이 무농약 배과원의 시기별 토양화학성과 엽내 무기성분, 과실품질에 미치는 영향

  • Lim, Kyeong-Ho (Pear Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Choi, Jin-Ho (Pear Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Kim, Wol-Soo (Department of Horticulture, Chonnam National University) ;
  • Kim, Hyun-Ji (Environmentally-Friendly Research Center, Jeollanam-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services) ;
  • Song, Jang-Hoon (Pear Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Cho, Young-Sik (Pear Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Yim, Sun-Hee (Pear Research Station, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Jung, Seok-Kyu (Department of Floriculture, Catholic University of Daegu) ;
  • Choi, Hyun-Sug (Department of Floriculture, Catholic University of Daegu)
  • 임경호 (국립원예특작과학원 배시험장) ;
  • 최진호 (국립원예특작과학원 배시험장) ;
  • 김월수 (전남대학교 원예학과) ;
  • 김현지 (전남농업기술원 친환경연구소) ;
  • 송장훈 (국립원예특작과학원 배시험장) ;
  • 조영식 (국립원예특작과학원 배시험장) ;
  • 임순희 (국립원예특작과학원 배시험장) ;
  • 정석규 (대구가톨릭대학교 화훼원예학과) ;
  • 최현석 (대구가톨릭대학교 화훼원예학과)
  • Received : 2013.10.31
  • Accepted : 2014.02.24
  • Published : 2014.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of seeding timing and method of rye and/or hairy vetch on seasonal soil and foliar nutrient concentrations as well as fruit quality in a pesticide-free pear orchard. METHODS AND RESULTS: The treatments included as followed: single seeding of rye in September (Sep-Mono), November (Nov-Mono), and January (Jan-Mono), or mix seeding of rye+hairy vetch in November (Nov-Mix) and January (Jan-Mix), or sod culture as a control. Cover crops or vegetation was mown and mulched on the soil surface in April and May for two years. Nov-Mix treatment produced the highest dry matter weight of $12,070kg\;ha^{-1}$, with the lowest dry matter weight for sod culture ($6,520kg\;ha^{-1}$), following Jan-Mix ($7,030kg\;ha^{-1}$). Nov-Mix treatments increased potential amount of N, P, and K from the raw materials of the cover crops as well as improved soil physical properties. Nov-Mix treatments overall elevated soil pH, EC, organic matter, and $P_2O_5$ in May compared to other cover crop treatments or sod culture. The difference of the seasonal nutrient concentrations in leaves or fruit qualities were not consistently occurred amongst treatments. CONCLUSION: Nov-Mix treatments showed playing role in a substitute of a chemical fertilizer. Delayed seeding of cover crops such as Jan-Mix did not increase the potential dry matter production due to the short growing period, and the seeding time would affect the dry matter production of cover crops.

Keywords

References

  1. Barker, A.V., 2010. Management of green manuring, in: Science and Technology of Organic Farming, CRC press, Boca Raton, USA, pp. 105-112.
  2. Choi, H.S., Rom, C.R., Gu, M., 2011. Plant performance, and seasonal soil and foliar nutrient variations in an organic apple orchard under four ground cover management systems, J. Am. Pom. Soc. 65, 130-146.
  3. Environmental-Friendly Agriculture Research Center, 2010. Organic rice manual, in: Nutrient Management Manual for Dynamic Natural Farming System, Chonnam National University Publication, Gwangju, Korea, pp. 1-166.
  4. Fageria, N.K., Baligar, V.C., Bailey, B.A., 2005. Role of cover crops in improving soil and row crop productivity, Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 36, 2733-2757. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103620500303939
  5. Faust, M., 1989. Physiology of Temperate Zone Fruit Trees, pp. 53-132 A Wiley-InterScience Publication, Beltsville, USA.
  6. Koehn, A.C., Peryea, F.J., Neilsen, D., Hogue, E.J., 2002. Temporal changes in nitrate status of orchard soils with varying management practices, Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 33, 3621-3634. https://doi.org/10.1081/CSS-120015911
  7. Lawson, A., Fortuna, A.M., Cogger, C., Bary, A., Stubbs, T., 2013. Nitrogen contribution of rye-hairy vetch cover crop mixtures to organically grown sweet corn, Renew. Agr. Food Syst. 28, 59-69. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742170512000014
  8. Lim, K.H., Choi, H.S., Kim, H.J., Kim, B.S., Kim, D.I., Kim, S.G., Kim, J.S., Kim, W.S., Lee, Y., 2011. Effects of seeding time on growth and nutrient contribution of ryegrass and hairy vetch, J. Bio-Environ. Control 20, 134-138.
  9. Lim, K.H., Choi, H.S., Na, Y.G., Song, J.H., Cho, Y.S., Choi, J.J., Choi, J.H., Jung, S.K., 2012. Nutrient contribution and growth of 'Niitaka' pear trees as affected by mix-seeding and single-seeding of rye and hairy vetch, Korean J. Intl. Agri. 24, 70-75.
  10. Mass, E.V., 1993. Salinity and citriculture, Tree Physiol. 12, 195-216. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/12.2.195
  11. Nagy, P.T., Holb, I.J., 2006. Study on the macronutrient content of apple leaves in an organic apple orchard, J. Cent. Eur. Agric. 7, 329-336.
  12. Reil, W.O., 2007. Orchard establishment, in: Mitcham, E.J., Elkins, R.B. (Eds), Pear: Production and handling manual, University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication, Oakland, USA, pp. 45-50.
  13. Rosecrance, R.C., McCarty, G.W., Shelton, D.R., Teasdale, J.R., 2000. Denitrification and N mineralization from hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) and rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop monocultures and bicultures, Plant Soil, 227, 283-290. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026582012290
  14. Sainju, U.M., Whitehead, W.F., Singh, B.P., 2005. Biculture legume-cereal cover crops for enhanced biomass yield and carbon and nitrogen, Agron. J. 97, 1403-1412. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2004.0274
  15. Tagliavini, M., Tonon, G., Scandellari, F., Quiñones, A., Palmieri, S., Menarbin, G., Gioacchini, P., Masia, A., 2007. Nutrient recycling during the decomposition of apple leaves (Malus domestica) and mowed grasses in an orchard, Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 118, 191-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2006.05.018
  16. Tutua, S.S., Goh, K.M., Daly, M.J., 2002. Decomposition and nitrogen release of understorey plant residues in biological and integrated apple orchards under field conditions in New Zealand. Biol. Fertil. Soils 35, 277-287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-002-0472-6
  17. Weinbaum, S.A., 2007. Nitrogen fertilization, in: Mitcham, E.J., Elkins, R.B. (Eds), Pear: Production and handling manual, University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication, Oakland, CA, USA, pp. 131-134.
  18. Westwood, M.N., 1993. Temperate-Zone Pomology, pp. 192-199 Timber Press, Portland, USA.