• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.192-202
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• 2010

Pesticide residues were investigated in 16 commodities (rice, foxtail millet, buckwheat, kidney bean, peanut, sesame, orange, grapefruit, kiwifruit, spinach, perilla leaves, leek, garlic stem, garlic, ginger and oak mushroom) collected from 22 provinces (Seoul, Busan, Incheon, Daegu, Daejeon, Gwangju, Ulsan, Suwon, Seongnam, Goyang, Bucheon, Yongin, Cheongju, Jeonju, Jeju, Cheonan, Changwon, Pohang, Gumi, Jinju, Wonju and Yeosu) in 2009. Pesticides (172 kinds) were analyzed using multiresidue method by GC/MS/MS from 510 samples, and phenthoate in kiwifruit was violated by exceeding MRL. The intake assessment for 24 kinds of pesticide residues including the detected pesticides at multi pesticide residue monitoring (bifenthrin etc.) were carried out. The result showed that the ratio of EDI (estimated daily intake) to ADI (acceptable daily intake) was 0.000007~0.458% which means that the detected pesticide residues were in a safe range so that residual pesticides in the agricultural products in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 2011

There are numerous drug interactions related to many psychotropic and cardiovascular medications. Firstly, the principles in predicting drug interactions are discussed. Cytochrome P (CYP) 450 plays a significant role in the metabolism of these drugs that are substrates, inhibitors, or inducers of CYP450 enzymes. The two most significant enzymes are CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. The ability of psychotropic drugs to act as inhibitors for the enzymes may lead to altered efficacy or toxicity of co-administered cardiovascular agents as a substrate for the enzymes. The following is also a review of the known interactions between many commonly prescribed cardiovascular agents and psychotropic drugs. Most beta blockers are metabolized by CYP2D6, which may lead to drug toxicity when they use in combination with potent CYP2D6 inhibitors including bupropion, chlorpromazine, haloperidol, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and quinidine. Concomitant administration of lithium with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and diuretics may increase serum lithium concentrations and toxicity. Calcium channel blockers and cholesterol lowering agents are subject to interactions with potent inhibitors of CYP3A4, such as amiodarone, diltiazem, fluvoxamine, nefazodone, and verapamil. Prescribing antiarrhythmic drugs in conjunction with medications are known to prolong QT interval and/or inhibitors on a relevant CYP450 enzyme is generally not recommended, or needs watchful monitoring. Digoxin and warfarin also have warrant careful monitoring if co-administered with psychotropic drugs.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.44-54
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• 1994

A drug use evaluation (DUE) program has been defined as an "authorized a quality assurance process designed to ensure that drugs are used appropriately, safely, and effectively". A retrospective DUE study on ceftazidime has been conducted by reviewing patients charts following criteria for drug use evaluation established by Am.S.Hosp.Pharm. Total 60 charts of patient treated with ceftazidime in Seoul National University Hospital from Jan. 1.1993 to July.31.1993 were retrospectively reviewed. As a result, 44 cases(73%) were met with the criteria for the justification of use. In analysing process indicators including culture and sensitivity test, CBC, LFT, history of anaphylaxis monitoring before initial dose, vital sign monitoring were relatively well documented showing the accepted level above 80%, while appropriated dose were infrequently documented with low accepted level. In outcome analysis, blood culture after discontinuing drug were rarely documented, with accepted level of 46%. For using effectively and safely, ceftazidime is recommended to be administrated to optimal indication, and monitored actively for preventing adverse effect.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.30-39
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• 2019

An analytical method was developed for the determination of sedaxane in agricultural products using liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The samples were extracted with acetonitrile and partitioned with dichloromethane to remove the interference, and then purified by using silica SPE cartridges to clean up. The analytes were quantified and confirmed by using LC-MS/MS in positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The matrix-matched calibration curves were linear over the calibration ranges ($0.001-0.25{\mu}g/mL$) into a blank extract with $r^2$>0.99. For validation, recovery tests were carried out at three different concentration levels (LOQ, 10LOQ, and 50LOQ, n=5) with five replicates performed at each level. The recoveries were ranged between 74.5 to 100.8% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 12.1% for all analytes. All values were consistent with the criteria ranges requested in the Codex guidelines (CAC/GL 40, 2003) and Food Safety Evaluation Department guidelines (2016). The proposed analytical method was accurate, effective and sensitive for sedaxane determination in agricultural commodities.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 2023

According to the COVID-19, development of various medical software based on IoT(Internet of Things) was accelerated. Especially, interest in a central software system that can remotely monitor and control ventilators is increasing to solve problems related to the continuous increase in severe COVID-19 patients. Since medical device software is closely related to human life, this study aims to develop central monitoring system that can remotely monitor and control multiple ventilators in compliance with medical device software development standards and to verify performance of system. In addition, to ensure the safety and reliability of this central monitoring system, this study also specifies risk management requirements that can identify hazardous situations and evaluate potential hazards and confirms the implementation of cybersecurity to protect against potential cyber threats, which can have serious consequences for patient safety. As a result, we obtained medical device software manufacturing certificates from MFDS(Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) through technical documents about performance verification, risk management and cybersecurity application.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to develop a methodology to detect spinosad which are difficult to analyze by multi-component simultaneous analysis of pesticide residues. We monitored spinosad due to the paucity of related information. The spinosad was determined using HPLC with UV detector at 250 nm. Correlation coefficient ($r^2$) for standard curve of spinosad A and D at standard concentration of 0.1-5.0 mg/kg were 0.999, respectively. Limit of quantitation (LOQ) of HPLC analysis was 0.005 mg/kg while limit of detection (LOD) was 0.001 mg/kg. Recovery experiments were conducted on five representative agricultural products to validate the analytical method. The recovery of proposed methods ranged from 74.9% to 104.0% and relative standard deviations were less than 10%. Spinosad residues were investigated in 16 commodities collected from 22 provinces. In this study, residues on all samples were not detected.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.272-280
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• 2015

A simultaneous official method was developed for the determination of phorate and its metabolites (phorate sulfoxide, phorate sulfone, phorate oxon, phorate oxon sulfoxide, phorate oxon sulfone) in livestock samples. The analytes were quantified and confirmed via liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) in positive ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Phorate and its metabolites were extracted from beef and milk samples with acidified acetonitrile (containing 1% acetic acid) and partitioned with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Then, the extract was purified through primary secondary amine (PSA) and C18 dispersive sorbent. Matrix matched calibration curves were linear over the calibration ranges (0.005-0.5 mg/L) for all the analytes into blank extract with $r^2$ > 0.996. For validation purposes, recovery studies were carried out at three different concentration levels (beef 0.004, 0.04 and 0.2 mg/kg; milk 0.008, 0.04 and 0.2 mg/kg, n = 5). The recoveries were within 79.2-113.9% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 19.2% for all analytes. All values were consistent with the criteria ranges requested in the Codex guidelines. The limit of quantification was quite lower than the maximum residue limit (MRL) set by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (0.05 mg/kg). The proposed analytical method was accurate, effective and sensitive for phorate and its metabolites determination and it will be used to as an official analytical method in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.93-103
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• 2016

A simultaneous analytical method was developed for the determination of isoxaflutole and metabolite (diketonitrile) in agricultural commodities. Samples were extracted with 0.1% acetic acid in water/acetonitrile (2/8, v/v) and partitioned with dichloromethane to remove the interference obtained from sample extracts, adjusting pH to 2 by 1 N hydrochloric acid. The analytes were quantified and confirmed via liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) in positive-ion mode using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Matrix matched calibration curves were linear over the calibration ranges ($0.02-2.0{\mu}g/mL$) for all the analytes into blank extract with $r^2$ > 0.997. For validation purposes, recovery studies were carried out at three different concentration levels (LOQ, 10LOQ, and 50LOQ) performing five replicates at each level. The recoveries were ranged between 72.9 to 107.3%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 10% for all analytes. All values were consistent with the criteria ranges requested in the Codex guideline (CAC/GL40, 2003). Furthermore, inter-laboratory study was conducted to validate the method. The proposed analytical method was accurate, effective, and sensitive for isoxaflutole and diketonitrile determination in agricultural commodities.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.137-144
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• 2007

Koji is steamed rice that has had koji-kin, or koji mold spores, cultivated onto it. The isolation, culture, and microscopic examination of molds in the koji require the use of the selective media and special microscopic slide techniques. If simple wet mount slides of molds were attempted, it became apparent that wet mount slides made from mold colonies usually don't reveal the arrangement of spores that is so necessary in identification. The process of merely transferring hyphae to a slide breaks up the hyphae and sporangiophores in such a way that identification becomes very difficult. The slide culture method is superior to wet mounts in that the hyphae, sporangiophores, and spores remain more or less intact when transferred. The procedure that will be used to produce a mold culture on a slide that can be observed directly on the slide. We investigated the contamination rate of penicillium spp. on the 21 kinds of koji distributed at Korea. The contamination rate of Penicillium spp. were not detected at 21 products by slide culture method. These results will be used to reestablish a mold determination of koji and food in Food Additives Code.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.636-643
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• 2009

Residual fluoroquinolone levels in animal foods retailed in Korea were monitored according to the method outlined in Korea Food Code using HPLC-FLD and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS for confirmation. The optimum ion transitions were $360{\rightarrow}316$, 342 m/z for enrofloxacin, $332{\rightarrow}314$, 288 m/z for ciprofloxacin, $320{\rightarrow}301$, 230 m/z for norfloxacin, $334{\rightarrow}315$, 290 m/z for pefloxacin, $362{\rightarrow}318$, 261, 334 m/z for ofloxacin, and $262{\rightarrow}201$, 126 m/z for flumequin. Enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin residues were found in 12 out of 388 samples. These antibiotics were only found in chicken samples, while no residues were found in beef, pork, milk and egg samples. Using this monitoring method, detection rates of 3.1, 1.3, and 0.3% were obtained for enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, respectively. The levels of enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin detected in food samples ranged from 0.01 to 0.73 mg/kg in 12 samples, 0.01-0.03 mg/kg in 5 samples, and 0.12 mg/kg in only a sample, respectively.