• 한국환경생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경생물학회 2003년도 학술대회
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• pp.92-97
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• 2003

Community structure of macrobenthos was studied on Angol clam farming ground of Chinhae Bay in the southern coast of Korea. Macrobenthos samples were collected monthly using a quadrate at each station from March 1998. Macrobenthos samples were seived by 1.0mm mesh seive. Mean grain size was 0.267 mm. A total of 111 macrobenthos species were sampled with a mean density of 1,651ind/m$^2$and biomass of 1466.7wwt.g/m$^2$. Annelida was density-dominant faunal group with a mean density of 818ind/m$^2$, comprising of 49.6% of the total density of the macrobenthos. It was followed by Mollusca with 660ind/m$^2$(40.0%). Mollusca was biomass-dominant faunal group. Major dominant species in the number of individual were Ruditapes philippinarum (375ind/m$^2$), Batillaria cumingi (208ind/m$^2$), Cirrformia tentaculata (167ind/m$^2$), Ceratonereis erithraeensis (151ind/m$^2$), Capitella capitata (111ind/m$^2$) and Sigambra tentaculata (91ind/m$^2$). Major dominant species in the biomass were Ruditapes philippinarum (1156.6wwt.g/m$^2$), Batillaria cumingi (111.0wwt.g/m$^2$) and Cyclina sinenis (106.2wwt.g/m$^2$). The species diversity was increased gradually during the study period. Increasing of species diversity was due to not only increasing of number of species but also decreasing of dominance of some polycheates. Contents of silt-clay was increased gradually in the intertidal zone.

• 과학기술학연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.105-156
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• 2003

본 연구는 1990년 이후 모방형에서 혁신형으로 과학기술정책의 패러다임이 변화되면서 과학기술정책형성을 둘러싸고 다양하게 발생하는 부처간 정책갈등 현상과 그 조정과정을 분석하였다. 연구를 위해 과학기술기본법(기본법) 제정과정을 사례로 선정하고, 연구의 시간적 범위를 '92년부터 '01년까지로 하여, 법률안 태동기, 과도기, 입법기 등 3개의 시기단위로 구분하여 비교 분석하였다. 부처간 정책갈등의 원인과 양상을 부처간 상호작용의 동기를 기준으로 정책 지향적 갈등과 관할권 지향적 갈등으로 구분 분석하였다. 갈등조정 방법의 분석은 수평적 분석적 조정과 수직적 정치적 조정을 그 기준으로 하였다. 연구결과를 부처간 정책 갈등양상, 정책갈등의 특징, 정책갈등의 조정과정, 그리고 참여자들의 특징적 양상 등을 중심으로 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정책갈등은 태동기에는 부처간 정책지향의 차이에 따른 갈등이 관할권 지향에 의한 갈등보다 우위현상을 보였고, 과도기에는 정책 지향과 관할권 지향에 의한 갈등이 복합적으로, 그리고 입법기에는 관할권 지향에 의한 갈등이 지배적인 현상을 보였다. 둘째, 정책갈등에 대한 조정과정은 태동기에는 수평적 분석적 조정이 주류를 이루었고, 과도기에는 수평적 수직적 정치적 조정양상이 다양하게 나타났으며, 입법기에는 수직적 정치적 조정 양상이 두드러지게 나타났다. 셋째, 정책갈등에 대한 조정결과는 참여자들의 특징을 중심으로 분석하였다. 그 결과부처간 정책갈등을 해결하는 데 있어서 국회와 정당이 결정적인 역할을 했음을 보여주었다.

• ALGAE
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.207-216
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• 2005

Myrionecta rubra, a mixotrophic ciliate, is a cosmopolitan red tide species which is commonly found in neritic and estuarine waters. M. rubra had long been listed as an “nculturable protist”until 2 different laboratory strains were finally established in 2 research groups at the beginning of this century, enabling us to perform initiative investigation into various aspect of the live M. rubra strains (Gustafson et al. 2000; Yih et al. 2004b; Johnson and Stoecker 2005). Field sampling was carried out on high tide at 2 fixed stations around Kunsan Inner Harbor (St.1 near the Estuarine Weir and St.2 off Kunsan Ferry Station) every other day for 4 months from mid-February 2004 to understand detailed figure of the recurrent spring blooms of M. rubra following the onset of the water gates operation of the Keum River Estuarine Weir on August 1994. With its maximum abundance of 272 cells mL$^{-1}$ in St.1, fluctuation pattern of the M. rubra population at the 2 stations was strikingly similar. Notable growth of M. rubra population started on late April, to cause M. rubra red tides during one month from mid-May in which “xceptionally low salinity days”without its red tide were intermittently inserted. High abundance of M. rubra over 50 cells mL$^{-1}$ was recorded at samples with their water temperature and salinity higher than 15${^{\circ}C}$ and 4.0 psu, respectively. During pre-bloom period when salinity fluctuation is moderate and the water temperature is cooler than 15°C, Skeletonema costatum, a chain-forming centric diatom, was most dominant. Cyanobacterial species such as Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and Phormidium sp. replaced other dominant phytoplankters on the days with “xceptionally low salinity”even during the main blooming period of M. rubra. To summarize, M. rubra could form spring blooms in Keum River Estuary when the level of salinity fluctuation was more severe than that for the dominant diatom Skeletonema costatum and milder than that for the predominance by freshwater cyanobacteria. Therefore, optimal control of the scale and frequency of freshwater discharges might lead us to partially modify the fluctuation pattern of M. rubra populations as well as the period of spring blooms by M. rubra in Keum River Estuary. Sampling time interval of 2 days for the present study or daily sampling was concluded to be minimally required for the detailed exploration into the spring blooms by M. rubra populations in estuaries with weirs like Keum River Estuary.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.44-58
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate various hand functions in the most common position (chair sitting, standing, floor sitting) used by cerebral palsied children with spastic diplegia. The results, analysed statistically, could be useful in suggesting treatment strategy for the improvement of hand function in such patient. For this study, 27 children mild or moderate spastic diplegia were chosen. They were patients of the Rehabilitation Hospital, Yonsei University Medical Center. Both dominant and nondominant hands were tested by the Box and Block Test. Bilateral hand function was tested by bead striding and card sorting activities. Collected data was analysed using univariate correlation analysis and MANOVA. Results were as follows: 1) In chair sitting there was a significant positive correlation between dominant hand scores in the Bloc and Box Test and chronological age, gestation period, and time of treatment initiation. In bilateral hand function, card sorting scores correlated positively with time of treatment initiation. 2) In standing, there was a significantly positive correlation between dominant hand scores in the Block and Box Test and time of treatment initiation. 3) In floor sitting, there was a significantly positive correlation between the dominance hand scores in the Block and Box Test and the tine of treatment initiation. Bead stringing, a bilateral hand activity, correlated positively with gestation period and birth weight but negatively with the postnatal incubation period. 4) That score of children who walked showed no significant difference in any of the three postures. 5) Highest test scores in children who could nat walk were in the Box and Block Test for nondominant hand in bead stringing for bilateral hand function. There scores occurred with the children in thee chair sitting posture. The results showed that, in order to improve hand function in children with spastic diplegia, it is necessary to maintain a well supported upright trunk posture with variations allowed for relevance to the chosen position of thee improvements hand activity being performed.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.99-112
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• 2020

In this study, we examine the changes to Korean medicine that occurred when 'proprietary medicines' (賣藥) swept through the pharmaceutical market during the Japanese occupation (1910-1945 C.E.). Proprietary medicine during the Japanese colonial period took various forms including ready-made, over-the-counter, patent, and nostrum type pharmaceuticals. This paper examines how Korean medicine, which was the dominant form of medicine during the Joseon Dynasty, was forced to adapt to the rise of proprietary medicines. We found that the prescription of Korean medicine herbal decoctions became more like proprietary medicine in the way that they were formulated. In addition, prescriptions in Korean medicine books were reformulated with prescriptions and medicines from outside the tradition. Proprietary medicines, many of which were made with secret recipes handed down in a family, also attracted attention. Such prescriptions were made famous through advertisements and further influenced future Korean medicine doctors. New prescriptions took advantage of the trust and authority existing in traditional Korean medicine by introducing ginseng and traditional medicinal herbs such as deer antler velvet (鹿茸, Cervi Parvum Cornu). This paper argues that proprietary medicine of the Japanese colonial period distorted the concept of traditional herbal medicine.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.717-732
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• 2007

A formula to approximate the fundamental period of a fixed-free mass-spring system with varying mass and varying stiffness is formulated. The formula is derived mainly by taking the dominant parts from the general form of the characteristic polynomial, and adjusting the initial approximation by a coefficient derived from the exact solution of a uniform case. The formula is tested for a large number of randomly generated structures, and the results show that the approximated fundamental periods are within the error range of 4% with 90% of confidence. Also, the error is shown to be normally distributed with zero mean, and the width of the distribution (as measured by the standard deviation) tends to decrease as the total number of discretized elements in the system increases. Other possible extensions of the formula are discussed, including an extension to a continuous cantilever structure with distributed mass and stiffness. The suggested formula provides an efficient way to estimate the fundamental period of building structures and other systems that can be modeled as mass-spring systems.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2002년도 ICCAS
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• pp.77.2-77
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• 2002

Human upright standing posture in the sagittal plane is studied, when it exposed in the antero-posterior vibration. A two link inverted pendulum model is considered and described its functional behavior in terms of ankle and hip joint according to the dominant joints that provides the largest contribution to the corresponding human reactionary motion. The data is analyzed, both in the time domain and the frequency domain. Subjects behave as a non-rigid pendulum with a mass and a spring throughout the whole period of the platform motion. When vision was allowed, each segment of body shows more stabilized.

• 에너지공학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1996

Coal consumption in Asia is projected to increase by about 1.3 billion tons over the 1993-2010 period. The expansion in coal consumption for electricity generation is the dominant factor in the large increase in coal consumption. Without effective control measures, the projected increase in coal consumption will have a serious impact on environmental effects of increased coal use in Asia. Thus, the introduction of appropriate CCTs is considered essential to achieving the twin goals of expanded use of coal decreased environmental impacts.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.343-343
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• 2002

This study examines the influence of long-range transport of dust particles and air pollutants on both local/regional DMS oxidation chemistry and the distribution of sulfur compounds at Jeju Island (33.17$^{\circ}$ N. 126.10$^{\circ}$ E) during the Asian dust-storm(ADS) period in April 2001. The atmospheric concentrations of these sulfur species were measured at a ground station on Jeju Island. Korea as Part of the ACE-Asia intensive operation. Three ADS events were observed during the periods of 10-12, 13-14. and 25-26 April. respectively. The concentrations of DMS and CS$_2$ were higher during the ADS period than during the non-Asian-dust-storm (NADS) period. Conversely. a difference in SO$_2$ levels during the ADS period was not distinguishable from those during the NADS period. The diurnal variation pattern of DMS observed was largely different from that in the remote marine boundary layer. DMS loss by NO$_3$ in the atmospheric boundary layer was dominant due to significantly high NOx levels influenced by the long-range transport of pollutants from East Asia to Jeju Island The DMS maximum during the ADS period was observed in the late afternoon. The oceanic fluxes of DMS during the ADS and NADS periods were estimated to be 5.7$\pm$2.3 and 2.9 (+2.8/-1.5) mole m$^{-2}$ day$^{-1}$ . respectively. The contribution of oxidized DMS to SO$_2$ levels at Jeju Island during the study period was found to be insignificant.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2022

Objectives: In the epidemiology of communicable diseases, the term epidemic period, also referred to as "wave" is often used in the general and academic milieu. A wave refers to a natural pattern of increase in the number of sick individuals, a defined peak, and then a decline in the number of cases. It implies a pattern of peaks and valleys after a particular peak is taken. The idea of epidemic waves is a useful tool for predicting the course as well as helping to accurately describe an epidemic. However, in many domestic and foreign news as well as in various research results in Korea, most of the reports either had no standard, were inaccurate, had a questionable classification of the period of the epidemic, or the basis for classification of a given wave was not presented. Methods: The author reviewed and organized related literature with epidemic wave. The author made several suggestions of an epidemic wave as follows. Results: To start with, it should be based on the number of incident cases in consideration of the size of the outbreak, then the period from the bottom to the peak and then reaching the next bottom; also, the period over a certain scale based on the number of incident cases; and the period according to the change in the major infection type (mutation-dominant species). In addition, according to the period of change in the vaccination rate (formation of herd immunity), as well as the content and duration of the intervention, that is, classification according to the applied quarantine stage. Furthermore, the classification of epidemic periods by the time-dependent reproduction number or time-varying reproduction number (Rt), and lastly the application of mathematical methodology. Conclusions: Therefore, classifying the epidemic period into generally known and accepted time frames is considered to be a very important task for future research analysis and development of intervention strategies.