• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.699-708
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• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tongue cleaner-equipped manual toothbrush on tooth cleanness, tongue cleanness and malodor index. Materials and methods: 504 subjects were included in this study. At 1st visit, basic information such as age, sex, smoking amount and alcohol consumption was recorded. Self assessment by individual subjects was performed regarding satisfaction to old toothbrush and toothbrushing habit. Tooth cleanness, tongue cleanness and malodor index was assessed by professional researcher. Tongue cleaner-equipped manual toothbrush was given to each subject with proper toothbrushing instruction. After 1 month passed, self assessment and researcher assessment regarding the same index were performed and analyzed statistically by chi-square test. Results: At 1st visit subjects seem to ignore tongue cleansing and showed poor tooth cleanness index, tongue cleanness index and malodor index, however the same subjects were motivated to clean their tongue and teeth and presented statistically improved distribution pattern in tooth cleanness index, tongue cleanness index and malodor index after using tongue cleaner-equipped manual toothbrush(p<0.01). Satisfaction to tongue cleaner-equipped manual toothbrush was 98%. Conclusion: Tongue cleaner-equipped manual toothbrush would be an effective tool for maintaining good oral hygiene through improving tooth and tongue cleanness and preventing malodor formation.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.32.3-33
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• 2015

There exist scaling relations that link the mass of supermassive black holes with both the velocity dispersion and the mass of the central stellar cusp of their host galaxies. This implies that these two components grow in tandem. Feedback from actively accreting supermassive black holes (AGN), in the form of multi-phase gas outflows, has been argued to be the agent of this co-evolution. Here we employ the powerful GMOS integral field spectroscopy unit on the 8.2m Gemini-North telescope to investigate ionized gas outflows of luminous Type 2 AGN in the local Universe (z<0.1). Our sample of 6 galaxies is drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and was selected based on their [OIII] dust-corrected luminosity (>1042 erg/s) and signatures of outflows in the [OIII] line profile of their spatially integrated SDSS spectra. These are arguably the best candidates to explore AGN feedback in action since they are < 1% of a large local type 2 AGN SDSS sample selected based on their [OIII] kinematics. We combine a careful spectral decomposition of the [OIII] and $H{\alpha}$ line profiles with spatial information on ~0.5kpc scales to understand the outflow kinematics and energetics in these objects. We find clear evidence for strong outflows in [OIII] and occasionally $H{\alpha}$ that are clearly driven by the ionizing radiation of the AGN. We kinematically and spatially decompose outflowing and rotating ionized gas components. We find [OIII] to be a better tracer of AGN outflows, while $H{\alpha}$ appears to be strongly affected by both stellar rotation and outflows induced by ongoing star formation. The observed kinematics and spatial distribution of the ionized gas imply a large opening angle for the outflow. Finally, we find the projected outflow velocity to decrease as a function of distance, while its dispersion shows a more complex structure with a potentially initially increasing trend (out to 0.5-1kpc distances).

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.205-208
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• 2017

Modelling and fitting the spectral energy distribution (SED) of galaxies or regions of galaxies is one of the most useful methods available to the astronomer nowadays. By modelling the SEDs and comparing the models to the observations, we can collect important information on the physical processes at play in the formation and evolution of galaxies. The models allow to follow the evolution of the galaxies from their formation on. The versatility of code is crucial because of the diversity of galaxies. The analysis is only relevant and useful if the models can correctly reproduce this diversity now and across (as best as possible) all redshifts. On the other hand, the code needs to run fast to compare several million or tens of millions of models and to select the best (on a probabilistic basis) one that best resembles the observations. With this important point in mind, it seems logical that we should efficiently make use of the computer power available to the average astronomer. For instance, it seems difficult, today, to model and fit SEDs without a parallelized code. We present the new Python version of CIGALE SED fitting code and its characteristics. CIGALE comes in two main flavours: CIGALE Classic to fit SEDs and CIGALE Model to create spectra and SEDs of galaxies at all redshifts. The latest can potentially be used in conjunction with galaxy evolution models of galaxy formation and evolution such as semi-analytic ones.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.647-656
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• 2008

In this paper, we present interference power distribution results when radio frequency identification(RFID) and ubiquitous sensor network(USN) systems share the $908.5{\sim}914MHz$ frequency bands. Average interference powers are obtained by simulation and statistical analysis, respectively. Simulation results are then verified by statistical analysis. According to the number of interferers and the diameter of the protection area, the cumulative density functions(CDFs) of interference power are simulated under the various conditions. From the simulation results, the probability that both USN and RFID systems meet the required maximal interference power levels is 95 % on condition that there are 1 low revered RFID reader and several USN nodes and that the minimum distance between a RFID reader and an USN node is greater than 1 m. Our results can be used as an basic research for coexistence analysis of RFID and USN systems in the $908.5{\sim}914MHz$ frequency bands.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.171-191
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• 2003

Today universities are regarded as one of the key institutions in the national and regional innovation systems. First of all the diffusion and distribution of the knowledges, technologies, information and know-hows from higher educations to regions are capable of promoting an innovation-led regional development. This study aims to evaluate the transfer and spatial diffusion of knowledge and technology from the Chonnam National University(CNU) in Kwangju to the regions and to focus the analysis of the technology transfer, personnel transfer and spin-off development. The results show that there are some differences in the spatial range and effects of the knowledge and technology transfer of the CNU by the type of transfers. And the Analysis provide evidence that the knowledge and technology distributions from the CNU make more and less positive contribution to regional developments.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.1145-1152
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• 2014

The RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) system is a technology to discern things by radio and an epoch-making new method to improve product management such as distribution, transport, mobilization, inventory control. However, RFID, which uses radio, is at risk for information leakage and falsification due to the vulnerability of security of the communication section. We designed the new authentication protocol by applying the tent map, which is the representative complex systems, to the RFID communication system. A more solid and simple authentication system was designed by applying the initial value sensitivity and irregularity, which are the representative characteristics of the complex system, to the reader and tag of RFID. The purpose of this paper is to verify the usability of the RFID authentication protocol design that uses the nonlinear system shown in this thesis by the new system differentiated from the authentication system that depends on the existing hash function or random numbers.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.497-502
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• 2018

An analog to digital converter(: ADC) has been designed to extract video signals of marine X-band radar and convert to digital signals in order to produce rainfall information. X-band weather radars are suitable for high temporal-spatial resolution observations of rainfall over local ranges but they are very expensive and require professional management. The marine radars with 10-2 cost facilitate data collection and management as well as economic benefits. To validate the usefulness of the developed ADC, comparative observations were made with weather radar for short term precipitation cases. The rainfall distribution of marine radar observations are consistent with that of weather radar within a radius of 15 km. This demonstrates the usability of marine radar for rainfall observations.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.360-369
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• 2012

The causes of showing different subthreshold slopes (SS) in programmed and erased states for two different charge trap flash (CTF) memory devices, SONOS type flash memory with gate-all-around (GAA) structure and TANOS type NAND flash memory with planar structure were investigated. To analyze the difference in SSs, TCAD simulation and low-frequency noise (LFN) measurement were fulfilled. The device simulation was performed to compare SSs considering the gate electric field effect to the channel and to check the localized trapped charge distribution effect in nitride layer while the comparison of noise power spectrum was carried out to inspect the generation of interface traps ($N_{IT}$). When each cell in the measured two memory devices is erased, the normalized LFN power is increased by one order of magnitude, which is attributed to the generation of $N_{IT}$ originated by the movement of hydrogen species ($h^*$) from the interface. As a result, the SS is degraded for the GAA SONOS memory device when erased where the $N_{IT}$ generation is a prominent factor. However, the TANOS memory cell is relatively immune to the SS degradation effect induced by the generated $N_{IT}$.

• Journal of the Korea society of information convergence
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.41-48
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• 2014

Capitalism of altitude in modern society has brought a brilliant development of human civilization. But there is a side effect of capitalism. It is just such as alienation of labor, polarization. The need to consider the worker's equal rights to share profits of private companies in the first Korean Constitution of 1948 is to mitigate the adverse effects of this capitalism. It is considered that the present government aims at "economic democracy" slogan and also be matched. The worker's equal rights to share profits of private companies means the distribution rights of workers to receive excess profits of the company. The review of these worker's equal rights to share profits of private companies is thought very meaningful.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.425-431
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• 2005

The systems-level analysis of microbes with myriad of heterologous data generated by omics technologies has been applied to improve our understanding of cellular function and physiology and consequently to enhance production of various bioproducts. At the heart of this revolution resides in silico genome-scale metabolic model, In order to fully exploit the power of genome-scale model, a systematic approach employing user-friendly software is required. Metabolic flux analysis of genome-scale metabolic network is becoming widely employed to quantify the flux distribution and validate model-driven hypotheses. Here we describe the development of an upgraded MetaFluxNet which allows (1) construction of metabolic models connected to metabolic databases, (2) calculation of fluxes by metabolic flux analysis, (3) comparative flux analysis with flux-profile visualization, (4) the use of metabolic flux analysis markup language to enable models to be exchanged efficiently, and (5) the exporting of data from constraints-based flux analysis into various formats. MetaFluxNet also allows cellular physiology to be predicted and strategies for strain improvement to be developed from genome-based information on flux distributions. This integrated software environment promises to enhance our understanding on metabolic network at a whole organism level and to establish novel strategies for improving the properties of organisms for various biotechnological applications.