• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.169-172
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• 2006

Wall construction apartment built before 1988 years need internal examination reinforcement according to existing laws ans regulations at remodeling because do not earthquake resistant design. Established newly wall to interest paid back at the same time a the principal direction for wall construction apartment internal examination reinforcement, and satisfied internal examination standard because uses width displacement between floor. This study analyzes displacement value such as latitude and presented position of efficient reinforcement wall and wall quantity at earthquake resistant design of wall construction apartment.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 실대형 실험을 통해 블록식 보강토옹벽에서 보강재의 타입에 따른 수평토압, 변위, 보강재의 변형률의 특성을 비교하였다. 본 연구를 통해 보강재의 타입에 따라 토압과 변위관계에서 서로 다른 거동특성을 보이고 있으며, 보강토체 내에 배치된 보강재가 연직토압 감소 및 변체변위 억제 효과 등 보강 성능이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 수평토압은 보강재의 특성과 변형에 따라 상단부와 하단부에서 주동토압이나 정지토압보다 크게 발생할 수 있으며, 수평토압과 벽체변위는 서로 상관성이 매우 높은 관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 블록식 보강토 옹벽에서 보강재의 등고변형률선 분포는 중앙부분에서 가장 큰 변형이 발생하는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2014년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.184-185
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to experimentally evaluate the variation characteristics of stiffness and impact resistance under the construction height of gypsum board wall at the actual construction site. The method suggested in previous study was applied on the test method of horizontal load resistance and impact resistance. As a result of horizontal load resistance test, when the wall height is 2,400 mm, the maximum displacement is 13.6 mm and residual deformation is 0.5 mm, and when the wall height is 3,000 mm, the maximum displacement is 31.3 mm and the residual displacement is 6.8 mm. As a result of impact resistance test, the residual deformation of each specimen at 20 cm of fall height were 1.02 mm and 0.08 mm, respectively, the residual deformation at 40 cm of fall height were 1.58 mm and 0.35 mm, respectively, and the residual deformation at 60 cm of fall height were 2.23 mm and 2.48 mm, respectively.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.395-402
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• 2000

Recently, the deep excavations have been peformed to utilize the under ground space. As the ground excavation is deeper, the damage of the adjacent structure and the ground occurs frequently. The analysis of the retaining structures is necessary to the safety of the excavation works. There are many methods such as elasto-plastic, FEM, and FDM to analyze the displacement of the retaining structure. The elasto-plastic method is generally used in practice. In this thesis, GEBA-1 program by the Nakamura-Nakajawa elasto-plastic method was developed. The program for Windows was used the Visual Basic 6.0, and the Main of the program consists of three subroutines, SUB1, SUB2, and SUB3. The lateral displacement of the wall was analyzed by the developed program GEBA-1, SUNEX, and EXCAD, and compared with the measured displacement by the Inclinometer(at three excavation work sites). The excavation method of each site is braced retaining wall using H-pile. Each excavation depth is 14m, 14m, or 8.2m. The results of the analyses are the followings ① In the multi-layer soil, the lateral displacement by the GEBA-1 and EXCAD which is considering the distribution of the strut load is equal to the measured displacement. Elasto-plasto programs can't consider the change of the ground water in clay. Therefore, the analysis displacement was expected only 20% of the measured wall displacement. ③ At the final excavation step, the maximum lateral displacement of analysis and field occurred 7∼18m at the 85∼92% of the excavation depth. ④ The maximum lateral displacement in clay, as 50mm, occurred on the ground surface.

• 지질공학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.155-168
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• 2005

절개사면에 설치 된 흙막이벽의 거동은 도심지 굴착공사에 적용된 흙막이벽의 거동과 다르다. 배면경사지 설치된 흙막이벽 설계법을 확립하기 위하여는 흙막이벽 및 배면지반의 변형거동을 상세히 규명할 필요가 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 아파트 신축부지 절개사면의 보강을 위하여 앵커지지 흙막이벽과 억지말뚝이 설치된 사면을 대상으로 현장계측을 수행하였다. 계측결과 굴착초기 흙막이벽의 변형은 배면경사지반의 변형보다 크게 발생되지만, 굴착깊이가 깊어짐에 따라 배면경사지반의 변형이 크게 발생됨을 알 수 있다. 이러한 이유는 굴착초기에 흙막이벽의 변형이 흙막이 말뚝의 강성과 앵커인장력에 의하여 억제되었기 때문으로 판단된다. 앵커에 도입된 선행인장력은 흙막이벽의 거동에만 큰 영향을 미치며, 강우로 인한 흙막이벽의 변형은 지하수위의 변화보다 지표면 부근에서의 침투수에 의해 영향을 받는다 한편, 굴착배면의 경사진 사면에 설치된 앵커지지 흙막이벽의 수평변위는 굴착배면지 반이 수평인 흙막이벽의 수평변위 보다 2-6배정도 크게 발생하였다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 1999

스크류잭은 스트러트에 충분한 선행하중을 가할 수 없기 때문에 스크류잭을 이용한 버팀대공법은 주변지반의 변위를 억제하는데 효과적이지 못하다. 따라서 버팀 굴착시 주변지반의 과도한 변형을 방지하기 위하여 새로운 선행하중잭을 개발하였다. 본 논문에서는 새로 개발된 선행하중잭과 그 장치를 이용하여 시공한 현장 중 3곳에서 측정한 흙막이벽체의 수평변위에 대한 결과를 소개하였다 현장에서 계측한 결과에 의하면 흙막이벽체의 최대수평변위는 굴착심도의 0.15% 이내로, 스트러트에 가해지는 선행하중에 의하여 최소화될 수 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 그리고 경제성 분석을 위하여 스크류잭을 이용한 버팀대공법과 버팀대 선행하중공법에 의한 공비와 공기를 비교한 결과 버팀대 선행하중공법이 공사비와 공사기간의 단축에도 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회 2차
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• pp.181-185
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• 2010

Until now, design of Earth Retaining is practiced by 2 dimensional analysis for convenience of analysis and time saving. However, the construction field is 3 dimension, in this study, practised the 3 dimensional analysis which can reflect the field condition more exactly the scope of earth retaining wall, and researched about the effective and economical way of design, compared and reviewed with the results, by practising both the 2 and 3 dimensional analysis. existing 2 dimension. the depth of excavation, depth of embedded and soil condition. As result, under the whole conditions, more displacement came to appear to the value as result of 3 dimensional analysis more than the result of 2nd dimensional analysis. Accordingly, the displacement by the 2 dimension analysis is underestimated. Moreover, results of 2 and 3 dimensional analysis, there is no difference at displacement, when the depth of embedded is 0.5H and 1.0H, but Displacement of 1.5H is smaller than 0.5H, 1.0H. That is, the bigger the depth of embedded becomes, the displacement of Earth Retaining Wall appeared smaller. The displacement of earth retaining wall according to depth of excavation appeared bigger, when the depth of excavation is increased. In the meantime, when the soil condition is different, in the 2 dimensional analysis, the displacement appeared biggest, in case of the clay layer, but in the 3 dimensional analysis, in the beginning of excavating, the displacement of earth retaining wall appeared bigger in case of clay layer, but as excavating is in progress, the displacement of both compound soil layer and sand layer appeared big.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.801-810
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• 2010

Until now, design of Earth Retaining is practiced by 2nd dimensional analysis for convenience of analysis and time saving. However, the construction field is 3rd dimension, in this study, practised the 3rd dimensional analysis which can reflect the field condition more exactly the scope of earth retaining wall, and researched about the effective and economical way of design, compared and reviewed with the results, by practising both the 2nd and 3rd dimensional analysis. existing 2nd dimension. the depth of excavation, depth of embedded and soil condition. As result, under the whole conditions, more displacement came to appear to the value as result of 3rd dimensional analysis more than the result of 2nd dimensional analysis. Accordingly, the displacement by the 2nd dimension analysis is underestimated. Moreover, results of 2nd and 3rd dimensional analysis, there is no difference at displacement, when the depth of embedded is 0.5H, 1.0H and 1.5H, but Displacement of 1.5H is smaller than 0.5H, 1.0H. That is, the bigger the depth of embedded becomes, the displacement of Earth Retaining Wall appeared smaller. The displacement of earth retaining wall according to depth of excavation appeared bigger, when the depth of excavation is increased. In the meantime, when the soil condition is different, in the 2nd dimensional analysis, the displacement appeared biggest, in case of the clay layer, but in the 3rd dimensional analysis, in the beginning of excavating, the displacement of earth retaining wall appeared bigger in case of clay layer, but as excavating is in progress, the displacement of both compound soil layer and sand layer appeared big.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1250-1251
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• 2022

Measuring management is an important part of preventing the collapse of retaining walls in advance by evaluating their stability with a variety of measuring instruments. The current work of measuring management requires considerable human and material resources since measurement companies need to install measuring instruments at various places on the retaining wall and visit the construction site to collect measurement data and evaluate the stability of the retaining wall. It was investigated that the applicability of the current work of measuring management is poor at small and medium-sized urban construction sites(excavation depth<10m) where measuring management is not essential. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a laser sensor-based hardware to support the wall displacement measurements and their control software applicable to small and medium-sized urban construction sites. The 2D lidar sensor, which is more economical than a 3D laser scanner, is applied as element technology. Additionally, the hardware is mounted on the corner strut of the retaining wall, and it collects point cloud data of the retaining wall by rotating the 2D lidar sensor 360° through a servo motor. Point cloud data collected from the hardware can be transmitted through Wi-Fi to a displacement analysis device (notebook). The hardware control software is designed to control the 2D lidar sensor and servo motor in the displacement analysis device by remote access. The process of analyzing the displacement of a retaining wall using the developed hardware and software is as follows: the construction site manager uses the displacement analysis device to 1)collect the initial point cloud data, and after a certain period 2)comparative point cloud data is collected, and 3)the distance between the initial point and comparison point cloud data is calculated in order. As a result of performing an indoor experiment, the analyses show that a displacement of approximately 15 mm can be identified. In the future, the integrated system of the hardware designed here, and the displacement analysis software to be developed can be applied to small and medium-sized urban construction sites through several field experiments. Therefore, effective management of the displacement of the retaining wall is possible in comparison with the current measuring management work in terms of ease of installation, dismantlement, displacement measurement, and economic feasibility.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.317-336
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• 2015

The present paper deals with the analysis of water tank with elastic separator wall. Both fluid and structure are discretized and modeled by eight node-elements. In the governing equations, pressure for the fluid domain and displacement for the separator wall are considered as nodal variables. A method namely, direct coupled for the analysis of water tank has been carried out in this study. In direct coupled approach, the solution of the fluid-structure system is accomplished by considering these as a single system. The hydrodynamic pressure on tank wall is presented for different lengths of tank. The results show that the magnitude of hydrodynamic pressure is quite large when the distances between the separator wall and tank wall are relatively closer and this is due to higher rotating tendency of fluid and the higher sloshed displacement at free surface.