• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.230-235
• /
• 2015

The experiment was conducted to elucidate the growth characteristics of sorghum in the different planting methods: direct sowing and transplanting (20 days after sowing, DAS). Weed weight was taken from three randomly chosen-2 plots 60 DAS (DAT). One time (20, 30 days after transplanting, DAT) and two times (10/20, 10/30, 20/30, 20/40 DAS) application of weeder machine (FRT 80E) were conducted for direct sowing and transplanting, respectively. In transplanting, the weed control efficacy of weeder machine at 90 DAT was about 67% (DAT 20), 57% (DAT 30) at one time and 87% at two times. The most effective application number was two times (20/40 DAT) followed by one time (20 DAT). However, when reviewing yield and economy, the frequency and times of using weeder machine were preferably one time and 20 DAT. Results with mechanical weed control have been particularly good in transplanted row crops such as sorghum. In direct sowing, the weed control efficacy of weeder machine 60 DAS was about 87% (10/20 DAS), 88% (10/30 DAS) and 82% (20/30 DAS) at two times, respectively. When reviewing yield and economy, the times and frequency of weeder machine were preferably two times, 10 and 30 DAS.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.151-161
• /
• 2019

Ashwagandha (Withania sominifera Duanal) is an important medicinal herb with increased demand after discovering its anti-stress and sex stimulating properties that are attributed to the presence of biologically active alkaloid compounds. The aim of this study was to elucidate a proper agro technological package that ensures the optimum growth of Ashwagandha to obtain the finest quality without degrading the pharmacologically active constituents. Mixtures of organic and inorganic fertilizers were combined with direct seeding and transplanted as four different treatments in this study. The fresh and dry weights of the tubers were recorded up to 12 months starting from two months after sowing (MAS) while the shoot height, root length, number of leaves, fresh and dry weights of the shoot and the root with a shoot ratio of up to 6 MAS were determined. The results revealed that the growth of Ashwagandha was not affected significantly by the method of planting, type of fertilizer or their combinations during most of the harvests. However, tubers harvested at 6 MAS had the highest recorded dry tuber weight per plant in all four treatments compared to the early harvests where two direct seeded treatments had the best results. Comparison of the phytochemical compounds showed that direct seeding with organic fertilizer had the highest recorded values for alkaloid and withaferine A contents with a lower percentage of fiber compared to the treatments with inorganic fertilizer. In conclusion, direct seeding with organic fertilizer and tubers harvested at 6 MAS are recommended as the best cultivation conditions and harvesting stage to obtain high quality tubers of Ashwagandha, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.324-331
• /
• 1991

To establish the direct seeding cultivation method in rice (Oryza sativa L.). direct subsurface seeding with different oxygen suppliers and seeding rates was conducted from May to Oct. 1989. at the experimental field of Suncheon National University. In direct subsurface seeding. calcium peroxide enhanced the ratio of seedling establishment. However. as number of plants per unit area increased. the occurrence of field lodging became progressively severe. so that the enhanced seedling establishment did not increase the yield. The optimal seeding rate and the number of sowing seeds per equally spaced spot were estimated to be 3.3Kg seeds/l0a and 3 seeds per spot with CaO$_2$-coated seeds. and 5.6Kg/10a and 5 seeds per spot with uncoated seeds. respectively, According to the results from the path coefficient analysis. percent of filled spikelets was identified to be the most influential variables on the variability in brown rice yield. so that improving percent of filled spikelets by inhibition of field lodging was the most important matter to increase the yield.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2000.10b
• /
• pp.46-52
• /
• 2000

Performance of direct seeded upland field Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briquet in Southern areas of Korea was evaluated at different seeding methods (drilling and broadcasting) and seeding rates (1.5, 2.0, 3.0 and 3.5$\ell$/10a). There were no differences in the yield components such as length of stem and ear diameter of stem number of branch, internode and ear, and yield of fresh and dry stem between the seeding methods with drilling and broadcasting, but yield components such as length of stem and ear, diameter of stem, number of brench, internode and ear, and yield of fresh and dry stem increased with seeding rates of from 2.5$\ell$/10a to 3.5$\ell$/10a. Therefore optimum rates and methods of sowing were from 2.5$\ell$/10a to 3.5$\ell$/10a with seeding at the drilling and broadcasting.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.185-189
• /
• 2000

The object of this study was to determine the optimum seeding dates of "Donganbyeo", "Daesanbyeo", Hoanbyeo", "Nonghobyeo", and "Gwnganbyeo" for direct seeding on dry paddy in Youngnam region. Dry seeds of these varieties were sown 5 times with 10-day intervals from April 20 to May 30. It took 13 to 14 days from sowing to emergence. It was shortened in the delayed seeding date, but the emerged seedlings per unit area was decreased as the seeding date was advanced before May. Heading date was delayed as seeding was delayed. Culm length, panicle length and number of spikelets per panicle was not affected by seeding date, but number of panicle per $m^2$ and ripened grain ratio were high from April 30 to May 10 seeding date. Consequently, the optimum seeding date for high yield of "Donganbyeo", "Daesanbyeo", "Hoanbyeo", "Nonghobyeo", and "Gwanganbyeo" was estimated May 3, May 2, May 10, May 8, and May 1, respectively and "Gwanganbyeo" was estimated May 3, May 2, May 10, May 8, and May 1, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.359-363
• /
• 2009

In order to establish labor-saving culture technology in Tartary buckwheat, three cultural practices: hand planting, drill sowing machine and soil cover direct seeding machine, were compared.The highest grain yield was found in soil cover direct seeding plot with a value of 3.4 g per plant. As a result, grain yield may be estimated to be 113kg in soil cover direct seeding and 80kg in hand scattering. In addition, for the weed control, three herbicide treatments: single use of Alachlor, mixture and combination of Alachlor and Paraquat dichloride were conducted. the mixture showed over 90% weed control value, and the highest grain yield was found in the combination treatment. Combine machine was effective to reduce the ratio of grain loss and working hour by enhancing the working efficiency to 15${\sim}$20min/10a.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.52 no.3
• /
• pp.249-258
• /
• 2007

Experiments were conducted with aims to (1) estimate the biomass yield potential, (2) characterize the biomass and digestible dry matter production, and (3) reveal the characteristic seedling establishment of a whole crop rice variety, Nogyangbyeo, in dry- and wet-seeded rice. Maximum aboveground total biomass of Nogyangbyeo was 18 t $ha^{-1}$ in dry-seeded rice and 20 t $ha^{-1}$ in wet-seeded rice. Biomass yield potential of Nogyangbyeo was lower than that of Dasanbyeo. Comparatively, Nogyangbyeo was straw-dependent and Dasanbyeo was grain-dependent for biomass accumulation. Percentage of digestible dry matter (DDM) was higher in panicles than straw. Digestible dry matter yield was determined mainly by biomass yield rather than DDM percentage. Number of seedling establishment in Nogyangbyeo was $73m^{-2}$ in dry-seeded rice and $109m^{-2}$ in wet-seeded rice. Poor seedling establishment of dry-seeded Nogyangbyeo in the field condition was the result of low seed germination under low temperature and poor seedling emergence by deep sowing. Low seedling emergence rate of Nogyangbyeo was attributed mainly to slow elongation growth by slow leaf development and partly to mesocotyl and 1st internode lengths, not to genetically defined leaf length. The slow elongation growth of Nogyangbyeo was the same even in the high daily mean temperature of $24^{\circ}C$. Results suggest DDM yield in rice can be improved simply by increasing biomass and whole crop rice varieties should be adaptable to direct-seeding.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.57 no.4
• /
• pp.337-342
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate the weed suppressing effects of different cropping system including hairy vetch and rye cover crops, polyethylene plastic film, and transplanting film mulching in direct sowing and transplanted foxtail millet field in 2011. Crop growth and development and weed occurrences in the fields were examined to know the efficiency of proposed cropping system. In polyethylene film mulching treatment, heading date of foxtail millet was earlier by 4 days than control, on the other hands, rye cover crop mulching delayed heading date by 8 days. Besides the effect of cover crop on the heading of foxtail millet, the residues changed growth characteristics. Plant height of foxtail millet was increased by 92.4% at hairy vetch treatment although the height of was reduced by 63.7% in the rye cover crop treatment. Hairy vetch treatment showed beneficial effects on foxtail millet growth reduced the occurrences of grasses and broadleaf weeds higher than 90%, as compared to control in foxtail millet fields. While rye cover crop treatment showed poor foxtail millet growth reduced less strongly grasses and broad-leaf weeds by 47% and 90%, respectively. At harvest, yield of foxtail millet was greater in order of hairy vetch cover crop > polyethylene film mulching > rye cover crop ${\fallingdotseq}$ control in both transplanted and direct sown fields.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.107-114
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate the weed suppressing effects of different cropping system including hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) and rye (Secale cereale) cover crops, polyethylene plastic film, and transplanting film mulching in direct sowing and transplanted sorghum field in 2011. Crop growth and development and weed occurrences in the fields were examined to know the efficiency of proposed cropping system. In polyethylene film mulching treatment, heading date of sorghum was earlier by 3 days than control, on the other hands, rye cover crop mulching delayed heading date by 11 days. Besides the effect of cover crop on the heading of sorghum, the residues changed growth characteristics. Plant height of sorghum was increased by 27.3% at hairy vetch treatment although it was reduced by 47.5% in the rye cover crop treatment. Hairy vetch treatment showed beneficial effects on sorghum growth reduced the occurrences of grasses and broadleaf weeds to 84% and 96%, respectively, as compared to control in sorghum fields. While rye cover crop treatment showed poor sorghum growth reduced less strongly grasses and broadleaf weeds by 35% and 71%, respectively. At harvest, yield of sorghum was greater in order of hairy vetch cover crop > polyethylene film mulching > rye cover crop ${\fallingdotseq}$ control in both transplanted and direct sown fields.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.1-29
• /
• 1969

Experiments on rice concerning it s varieties, fertilization, seedling dates and herbicides have been conducted to determine the most desirable method of direct sowing cultivation on dry paddy field land in the middle part of Korea. The results obtained at the Office of Rural Development of Choongnam Province are as follows:. 1. Sixteen different derivatives from the main varieties of low land rice were cultivated on a dry paddy field by the direct sowing method; at the same time, a few varieties were tried adopting the common transplanting cultivation method. The yield and yield factors from these two groups were examined to give the following results: a) Compared to the common transplanting cultivation, the direct sowing method showed remarkably increased number of panicles while the number of flowers per panicle was shown to be significantly decreased. The maturing ratio was detected to be lowered. The yield horn them differed according to the different varieties : good yield was obtained from Hokwang while Norin ＃25 proved poor when compared with the common transplanting cultivation method. b) Among sixteen varieties tested, Sunsou, Norin ＃25, Jaigou, Hokwang, Palkueng and Gosi showed comparatively high yields, their yield being more than 325 kilograms per 10 Are, but Nampoong, Paldal, Nongkwang, Norin ＃29, Eunbangju ＃101 and Shiro gane showed less yield, their yield being less than 271 kilograms per 10 Are, the relations between the yield and the yield factors can be summarized as follows; Number of varieties and their rice yield. 1) The varieties which were great in the, number of panicles and high in yield=Jaigoun, Hokwang Palkueng and Gosi. 2) The varieties which were low in the number of panicles and high in yield=Sounsou and Norin ＃25. 3) The varieties which were great in the number of panicles and poor in yield=Eunbangju ＃101 and Sirogane. 4) The varieties which were poor in the number of panicles and poor in yield: Nampung, Paldal and Norin ＃29. Number of flowers per panicle and yield. 1) The varieties which were great in the number of flowers per panicle and high in yield: Sounsou, Norin ＃25 and Gosi. 2) The varieties which were poor in the number of flowers per panicle and high in yield ; Jaigoun, Hokwang and Palkueng. 3) The varieties which were great in the number of flowers per panicle and poor in yield: Paldal and Nampung. 4) The varieties which were poor in the number of flowers per panicle and poor in yield: Norin ＃29. Eunbangju ＃101 and Sirogane. Maturing ratio and yield. 1) The varieties which were high in the maturing ratio and high in yield: Jaigoun, Sounsou, Norin ＃25 and Palkueng. 2) The varieties which were low in the maturing ratio and high in yield: Hokwang and Gosi. 3) The varieties which were early maturing rat io and low in yield: Hokwang and Gosi. 4) The varieties which were late maturing ratio and poor in yield: Eunbangju ＃101, Nampungand Sirogane 1, 000 grain weight and yield. 1) The varieties which were heavy in 1, 000 grains weight and high in yield=Norin ＃25 and Hokwang. 2) The varieties which were light in 1, 000 grains weight and high in yield=Sounsou and Jaigoun. 3) The varieties which were heavy in 1, 000 grains weight and poor in yield=Nongkwang and Eunbanju. 4) The varieties which were light in 1, 000 grains weight and poor in yield=Norin ＃29 and Sirogane. 2. The experiment on fertilization showed that the most desirable amount to be given per 10 Are was 10 kilograms of Nitrogen, 5 kilograms of phosphate and 6 kilograms of potassium; and when the Nitrogen given exceeded 8 kilograms, its effect was better when given in amsll consecutive (split) amounts, while the maturing ratio and the number of the flowers per panicle increased when Nitrogen was given in large amount during the later stage of growth of rice. 3. The experiment on the date and amount of seedling showed that the tested variety, Sunsou gave the best results when planted on the days between 25 April and 10 May. Eight liters per 10 Are were preferable if planted early and 12 liters per 10 Are if planted late. The reason why the later planting gave a lower yield was that the number of flowers per panicle was fewer. 4. The experiment on the irrigation for rice with direct sowing cultivation immersed in water showed that it was the most satisfactory when irrigated on 25th June, 55 days after its seedling, its plot giving the best yield. The plots 10th June and 15th July showed just as good results. However, irrigated later, than 15th July it showed lower yields. 5. Compared to the yield of the plot controlled by the common method, the yield from the plots treated with chemical herbicide such as LOROX, TOK, PCP, SWEP, Mo-338 on dry condition soil seemed poorer, but significant difference was not found statistically. On the other hand in the case where chemical herbicides such as TOK, Mo-338, Stam F-34 or ORDRAM were used after irrigation, the yield from the ORDRAM and TOK treated plots did not show significant differences compared to the common hand weed controling method, but those treated with chemicals other than the above showed a lower yield.