• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.44-44
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• 2003

Gene expression in five tissues of the abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) was investigated using an expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis. Randomly selected clones were obtained from cDNA libraries constructed with gill (GI), digestive diverticula(DD), hepatopancreas (HP), foot/mucus (FM) and rectangular muscle (RM). Of 1,235 clonesanalyzed (288 clones for GI, DD, HP each,166 for FM, and 205 for RM), 741 (60.0%) clones in total turned out to share significant similarity with the sequences from NCBI GenBank (less than 10/sup -3/ of e-values), 423 sequences showed poor similarity (> 10/sup -3/), and 71 sequences didn't match with any sequences in GenBank. The percent unique sequence (singleton) was ranged from 56.1% (RM) to 74.7% (FM) among libraries. On the other hand, overall percent singleton was 55.3% when all the ESTs from five libraries were assembled into contigs. Analysis of the organisms represented by the best hit for each EST (e-values < 10/sup -3/) showed that 23.8% matched with mammalian entries, 24.0% with mollusks, 14.4% with insects, 11.6% with fish and 26.2% with others. The expressed patterns differed among the tissues when judged by the categorization of the sequences from each library into 10 broad functional classes. In all the libraries, the class I (no hit o. poor similarity) was the largest category with an average of 40.1%. This largest class was followed by class V (general metabolisms) in DD (21.9%), GI (14.6%) and HP (16.7%), while the 'cell structure and motility'(class VI) was the second largest class in remaining two libraries (31.2% for RM and 9.6% for FM). The class IX (cell division and proliferation) was the smallest class in all the libraries (less than 3%). This report provides the first tissue-specific lists of expressed abalone genes, which could be a fundamental basis for genomics program of abalone species.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1288-1295
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• 2015

In experiment 1, eighty crossbred steers ($239{\pm}15kg$) were used in a 229-d experiment to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast (EHY) cell wall in diets on growth performance feedlot cattle during periods of elevated ambient temperature. Treatments consisted of steam-flaked corn-based diets supplemented to provide 0, 1, 2, or 3 g EHY/hd/d. There were no effects on growth performance during the initial 139-d period. However, from d 139 to harvest, when 24-h temperature humidity index averaged 80, EHY increased dry matter intake (DMI) (linear effect, p<0.01) and average daily gain (ADG) (linear effect, p = 0.01). There were no treatment effects (p>0.10) on carcass characteristics. In experiment 2, four Holstein steers ($292{\pm}5kg$) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a $4{\times}4$ Latin Square design experiment to evaluate treatments effects on characteristics of ruminal and total tract digestion in steers. There were no treatment effects (p>0.10) on ruminal pH, total volatile fatty acid, molar proportions of acetate, butyrate, or estimated methane production. Supplemental EHY decreased ruminal molar proportion of acetate (p = 0.08), increased molar proportion of propionate (p = 0.09), and decreased acetate:propionate molar ratio (p = 0.07) and estimated ruminal methane production (p = 0.09). It is concluded that supplemental EHY may enhance DMI and ADG of feedlot steers during periods of high ambient temperature. Supplemental EHY may also enhance ruminal fiber digestion and decrease ruminal acetate:propionate molar ratios in feedlot steers fed steam-flaked corn-based finishing diets.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2016

This study was conducted to find out biological response of the oyster Crassostrea gigas exposed to lead (Pb). Experimental period was four weeks. Experimental groups were composed of one control condition and three lead exposure conditions (0.20, 0.40 and 0.80 mg/L). The results of the study confirmed that lead induces reduction of survival rate and oxygen consumption rate and degeneration of organ structure of the bivalve. Oxygen consumption rate was observed exposure groups lower than control decline by 15%-55%. Histological analysis of organ system illustrated expansion of hemolymph sinus, degeneration of epithelial layer and connective tissue layer of the mantle. Also, epithelial degeneration and disappearance of cilia band are recognized in the gill filament and it was observed disruption of epithelial layer and degeneration of basophilic cell and epithelial cell in the digestive tubules.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.4875-4883
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• 2016

Background and objective: Breast cancer-related lymphoedema (BCRL) is a disabling complication with long term impact on quality on life after breast cancer treatment. Its management remains a major challenge for patients and health care professionals; the goal of this overview was to summarize effects of different treatment strategies for patients with BCRL. Methods: A thorough search was undertaken to allow a systematic review or meta-analysis of treatments for BCRL. Two investigators independently selected studies and abstracted the data. Results: Combined physical therapy (CPT) with different combinations of surgery, oral pharmaceuticals, low-level laser therapy, weight reduction, mesenchymal stem cell therapy, kinesio tex taping, and acupuncture might be effective in reducing lymphoedema, but exercise demonstrated no obvious benefit. The results of direct comparisons showed CPT might be more effective than standard physiotherapy (ST). Manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) may not offer additional benefits to ST for swelling reduction, but could facilitate compression bandaging. MLD seemed to have similar effects with self-administered simple lymphatic drainage (SLD) or using an intermittent pneumatic compression pump (IPC). IPC might also not be associated with additional effectiveness for CPT. Efficacy of stem cell therapy vs. compression sleeve or CPT, as well as the effects of daflon and coumarin could not be established. Conclusion: Although many treatments for BCRL might reduce lymphoedema volume, their effects were not well established. The quality of many of the original studies in the included reviews was not optimal, so that in future randomized control trials are a high priority.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.45 no.3 s.144
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• pp.301-307
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• 2006

A ligniolytic bacterial strain was isolated from the digestive tract of a red dragonfly, Sympetrum dopressiusculum. It was identified as a Serratia marcescens HY-5 by 16S rDNA sequence analysis and physiological and biochemical analysis. The isolated strain showed proportional increase of ligninolytic activity to the cell growth in the culture media which include lignin compounds. It showed about 25-45% decomposition of lignin compound by 48 hr incubation especially, showed effective decomposition of monomer lignin compounds, vanillin and guaiacol, and a dimer, dealkaline lignin. PCR amplification of 16S rDNA followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed high density of S. marcescens HY-5 in the gut of the S. depressiusculum at both gut samples which collected at different site.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.420-427
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• 2011

The use of lactic-acid bacteria (LAB) is effective for preventing and curing immune disorders by activating the immune system in the digestive tract and the consequent immune response in the blood. In this study, LAB and mixed LABs were used in an atopic dermatitis (AD) mouse model. Alleviation of AD was observed based on the change in cytokine level and immunohistochemical staining. An ex vivo test showed that immunoglobulin-E and interleukin (IL)-4 levels were significantly lower in all groups treated with LAB than in the group treated with only 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. Results of an in vivo test based on the ex vivo results showed that the scratch score decreased in all groups treated with the LAB and particularly decreased in the group treated with mixed LABs. Additionally, the T helper (Th) 1 cytokines interferon-gamma and IL-12p40 were upregulated by the LAB and mixed-LABs, whereas levels of the Th2 cytokine IL-4 were downregulated in a mouse model of AD-like skin lesions. Furthermore, hematoxylin & eosin and immunohistochemical staining of the dorsal area of the mice in each group showed that AD improved in the LAB-treated groups. These results suggest that LAB and mixed LABs inhibit the development of AD in NC/Nga mice by suppressing the Th2 cell response and increasing the Th1 cell response. Our results indicate that mixed LABs are better than LAB for treating AD-like skin lesions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2409-2414
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• 2012

Objective: Traditional Chinese herbal medicines have a very long history. Rosa roxburghii Tratt and Fagopyrum cymosum are two examples of plants which are reputed to have benefits in improving immune responses, enhancing digestive ability and demonstrating anti-aging effects. Some evidence indicates that herbal medicine soups containing extracts from the two in combination have efficacy in treating malignant tumors. However, the underlying mechanisms are far from well understood. The present study was therefore undertaken to evaluate anticancer effects and explore molecular mechanisms in vitro. Methods: Proliferation and apoptosis were assessed with three carcinoma cell lines (human esophageal squamous carcinoma CaEs-17, human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 and pulmonary carcinoma A549) by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively, after exposure to extract from Rosa roxburghii Tratt (CL) and extract from Fagopyrum cymosum (FR). $IC_{30}$ of CL and FR were obtained by MTT assay. Tumor cells were divided into four groups : control with no exposure to CL or FR; CL with $IC_{30}$ CL; FR with $IC_{30}$ FR; CL+FR group with 1/2 ($IC_{30}$ CL + $IC_{30}$ FR). RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of Ki-67, Bax and Bcl-2 at mRNA and protein levels. Results: Compared with the CL or FR groups, the combination of CL+FR showed significant inhibition of cell growth and increase in apoptosis; the mRNA and protein expression levels of Ki-67 and Bcl-2 in CL+FR group were all greatly decreased, while the expression of Bax was markedly increased. Conclusions: These results indicate that the synergistic antitumor effects of combination of CL and FR are related to inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.53-60
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• 2017

Objectives: Beakdugu-tang (BDGT) consists of three medicinal herbs, and this prescription has long been used in treatment of various digestant problem in Korea. In this study, we designed to clarify mechanisms by which Korean traditional digestive medicine, BDGT, may exert anti-hepatic steatosis effects via improved insulin resistance cell model in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and monocyte (THP-1). Materials and methods: The preparation of BDGT and constituents were extracted with 70% ethanol. HepG2 and THP-1 were treated with different concentrations of BDGT and constituents in the presence and absence of stimulants such as free fatty acids (FFAs) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), respectively. Results: The BDGT and its constituents inhibited the FFAs-stimulated lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Ethanol extracts of Amomum cardamomum (ACE) improved the ox-LDL induced insulin resistance in THP-1 cells. Also, treatment of monocytic cells with ACE increased anti-hepatic steatosis related gene levels including ABCA, ABCG and SR-B1. Conclusion: The results suggest that the ethanol extract of BDGT and its constituents potently inhibit the FFAs- and ox-LDL induced liver steatosis via improved insulin resistance.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• v.73 no.11
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• pp.1619-1624
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• 2018

Laser ablation may provide a minimally invasive palliative treatment for pancreatic cancer. The aim of the current study was to assess the feasibility of a 532-nm laser equipped with a cylindrical light diffuser for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Monolayers of BxPC-3 human pancreatic cancer cell were exposed to 532 nm laser light. Power levels of 5 - 7 W were used to uniformly target the entire cell colonies for 60 and 120 seconds. The cells were incubated for 24 hours after treatment and viabilities were determined by using a MTT assay. Laser ablation was performed by using the cylindrical light diffuser on six pancreatic tumor tissues obtained from pancreatic cancer xenograft mouse models, which were exposed to the 532 nm light at 5W or 7W for 10 to 30 seconds. In the in vitro study, the survival rates of the pancreatic cancer cells were reduced by 6.6% to 98.9% after the treatment, and the survival rates were reduced by increasing laser power and/or irradiation time. In the pancreatic tumor tissues, a homogenous circular ablation zone was observed in all tumors and the ablation distance induced by the laser irradiation showed to be constant from the diffuser to all directions (standard deviation, 0.3 - 1.3 mm). Ablation distance and area increased with increasing laser power and/or irradiation time. The 532 nm laser effectively killed pancreatic cancer cells, and the cylindrical light diffuser was found to be suitable for laser ablation as it provided uniform ablation in pancreatic cancer.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.533-540
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• 2022

We evaluated a worm-based extruded pellet diet with black soldier fly Hermetia illucens larvae (BSF) meal and BSF oil for olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus through field feeding experiments at a commercial aquafarm. We prepared two experimental diets by replacing fish meal and fish oil with BSF meal and BSF oil (BEP-1, BSF meal 7%, BSF oil 1%) and (BEP-2, BSF oil 2%), respectively. We prepared raw-fish based moist pellets (MP) for comparison between the two experimental diets. We distributed the olive flounder (220±6.29 g) in square (10 m×10 m×1 m) concrete, 100 ton tanks at a density of 1,600 fish per tank (n=3) in triplicate for each dietary treatment. We fed the diets to the fish to apparent satiation for 7 months. At the end of the feeding trial, we found no substantial differences between the groups in terms of growth performance, survival, or feed utilization. None of the diet groups showed any changes in either hematological or non-specific immune responses. The histological observation of the intestine showed that the goblet cell number and cholecystokinin-producing cell activity increased in the fish fed the BEP diet compared with the those of the fish fed the MP diet. These results indicated that dietary BSF meal and oil can be used for olive flounder without compromising growth or, hematological and histological parameters.