• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2002

Cocoon production, which is a representative of traditional sericulture shifted into silkworm powder production in the spring of 1995. This, infect, signifies the change from the dress-centered textile business to the bio-industry and the functional resource industry. One of the most outstanding shifting is utilization of silkworm larvae for anti-diabetic agent. In Asian countries including Korea, silkworm powder derived from the domestic silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) has long been favored for anti-diabetic agent, but its efficacy was not tested until last decade by modern scientific methods. In this article, we reviewed the major researches on the silkworm powder as a blood glucose-lowering substance. After the beginning test of the efficacy of silkworm powder by a cooperative research between Department of Sericulture and Entomlogy, NIAST, RDA and Kyung Hee University, substantial data have been accumulated so far, In a serial experiment to select best condition, the fifth instar larvae prepared by freeze dry method turned out to have the best blood glucose-lowering effect. In the pharmacological experiment to understand the mechanism of silkworm powder in small intestine, the silkworm powder turned out to inhibit the activity of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, by competitively binding to $\alpha$-type disaccharides. The animal experiment showed that the extract of silkworm powder prevents a rapid increase of blood glucose level after meal and prevents hunger and law blood glucose level during empty stomach. In the experiment to isolate the major component of silkworm powder, which exerts blood glucose-lowering effect, 1-deoxynojirimy-cin (DNJ) was eventually mass-purified, and it turned out that DNJ isolated from silkworm powder was excellent in its blood glucose-lowering effect. In the experiment to understand the personal difference of the efficacy of the silkworm powder, clinical candidates were divided on the basis of the criterion of traditional Chinese medicine: Tae-Yang, Tae-Um, So-yang, and So-Um. The result showed that silkworm powder has a tendency to reduce blood glucose level at fasting and at 2 hours after meal, and this trend was somewhat obvious in the Tae-Um body type. In summary, we reviewed scientific papers on the efficacy of silkworm powder and its purified DNJ as a blood glucose-lowering agent. These suggest that silkworm powder truly possesses blood glucose-lowering effect as documented in the traditional Chinese medicine, although further researches will be required to develop them as "medical" resource instead of functional food.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.258-264
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• 2015

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic results and safety of pectoralis major muscle turnover flaps in the treatment of mediastinitis after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures. Methods: Data regarding 33 patients with post-CABG deep sternal wound infections (DSWIs) who underwent pectoralis major muscle turnover flap procedures in the Emam Reza and Ghaem Hospitals of Mashhad, Iran were reviewed in this study. For each patient, age, sex, hospital stay duration, remission, recurrence, and associated morbidity and mortality were evaluated. Results: Of the 2,447 CABG procedures that were carried out during the time period encompassed by our study, DSWIs occurred in 61 patients (2.5%). Of these 61 patients, 33 patients (nine females [27.3%] and 24 males [72.7%]) with an average age of $63{\pm}4.54$ years underwent pectoralis major muscle turnover flap placement. Symptoms of infection mainly occurred within the first 10 days after surgery (mean, $10.24{\pm}13.62days$). The most common risk factor for DSWIs was obesity (n=16, 48.4%) followed by diabetes mellitus (n=13, 39.4%). Bilateral and unilateral pectoralis major muscle turnover flaps were performed in 20 patients (60.6%) and 13 patients (39.4%), respectively. Complete remission was achieved in 25 patients (75.7%), with no recurrence in the follow-up period. Four patients (12.1%) needed reoperation. The mean hospitalization time was $11.69{\pm}6.516days$. Four patients (12.1%) died during the course of the study: three due to the postoperative complication of respiratory failure and one due to pulmonary thromboembolism. Conclusion: Pectoralis major muscle turnover flaps are an optimal technique in the treatment of post-CABG mediastinitis. In addition to leading to favorable therapeutic results, this flap is associated with minimal morbidity and mortality, as well as a short hospitalization time.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.146-151
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• 2003

황기, 당귀, 천궁, 감초, 구기자를 28:20:18:18:16(w/w)의 비율로 혼합하여 추출, 농축과정을 거쳐 50Brix 농도의 한약재 추출물 37.28%(w/w)를 얻었다. 이 추출물을 동물사육용 사료에 0∼5%(w/w) 혼합하여 냉동건조시켜 사료를 조제한 다음 실험용 동물인 쥐에게 4주간 취식 시킨 후 혈장 중성지 질, 총콜레스테롤, 인지질 농도변화 및 혈장 포도당과 혈장, 췌장, 근육조직의 인슐린 농도변화를 측정한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 즉, 혈장지질 농도는 한약재 추출물의 처리량이 증가할수록 상대적으로 농도저하 효과가 인정되었고 3%(w/w) 처리군에서 중성지질, 총콜레스테롤 및 인지질 함량이 각각 8.62%, 2.81% 및 2.11% 감소하였다. 혈장 포도당 농도도 거의 유사한 효과를 나타내어 3%(w/w) 처리군에서 3.61%의 감소효과를 보였으나 혈장, 췌장, 근육조직에서의 인슐린 농도는 증감을 반복하여 뚜렷한 효과를 입증하기 어려운 수준이었다. 이러한 결과는 실험동물 자체에 당뇨를 의도적으로 유발시키지 않은데 기인하는 현상의 일부인 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.64-74
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• 2005

To develop the diet for Korean type 2 diabetic patients, a consumer survey was conducted (N=35) and was analyzed statistically. The survey compared the results of a questionnaire, somatometry, and blood parameters before and 8 weeks after the experiment. It was divided into Diabetic diet enforcement group (DDE) vs. Non diabetic diet enforcement group (NDDE). There was no significant difference in body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat, triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of the subjects before and 8 weeks after the experiment. DDE's average fasting glucose (FBG) and post prandial 2 hours blood glucose (PP2) were significantly decreased before and after the experiment (p<0.05). NDDE's average FBG and PP2 showed no significant difference. In terms of Hemoglobin $A_lC\;(HbA_1C)$ content, DDE's had significantly decreased level both before and after the experiment (p<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the NDDE group. Cholesterol and High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were significantly different in DDE (p<0.05) both before and after the experiment. Whereas in the case of NDDE, there was no significant difference on the cholesterol and HDL-C, while DDE's showed a significant difference before and after the experiment. In terms of patients distribution depending on their treatment (p<0.05), NDDE had no significant difference before and after the experiment. For an item asking blood glucose control, DDE had significant difference before and after the experiment (p<0.01), while NDDE had no significant difference. For program satisfaction (p<0.05) and health (p<0.001), both the groups changed significantly after the experiment. But there was no significant difference in applying it to their real life after the experiment. Based on these results, DDE had the decreased blood glucose levels, $HbA_1C$, and cholesterol and increased HDL-C, with decreased rate of the patients taking oral hypoglycemic agents. In addition, many of the patients who participated in the experiment were found to be satisfied with the program, in terms of having less trouble in glucose control and exhibited improvement in health. Hence, based on the above results it was concluded that program was a very successful one for the treatment of diabetes.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.940-955
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to compare the degree nutrient intake, health status and other characteristics of females aged 65 years and over in a longevity area according to family arrangement. For analysis, 585 female elderly were recruited from the Kugoksoondam area (Kurye, Goksung, Soonchang and Damyang counties), known as the longevity-belt region in Jeonla province, Korea. The subjects were categorized into three groups according to family arrangement (living alone, living with spouse only and living with family). Demographic characteristics were collected, as well as information on physical measurements, blood tests for biochemical indicators, health status and health-related life style, dietary behavior, favorite food groups, consumption frequency of food groups, nutrient intake and mini nutrition assessment. In the group living with their spouse only, the highest education, physical activity, diverse food intake, frequency of eating meats and fish, energy and nutrients intake, and score on the mininutrient status assessment (MNA) were found to be significantly favorable factors. Taken together, these results demonstrated that the group living with their spouse only had relatively superior nutrient intake and the quality of diet. In contrast, the group living alone showed the lowest self-rated economic status, diversity of food intake, and physical activity, with the highest frequency of drinking, smoking and regular exercise for almost everyday compared with the other groups. On the other hand, those living with family demonstrated the lowest intake of supplements or functional foods, and levels of hemoglobin hematocrit MCH, but the highest HBA1c and blood sugar. Therefore, the group living with family was assumed to be at risk of anemia and diabetes. These results could be useful to plan effective strategies to increase the health-life expectancy of Korean elderly people living in rural areas, according to family arrangement.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.699-707
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• 2013

본 연구는 대두청국장, 약콩청국장 및 흑미, 흑임자, 다시마와 같은 블랙푸드를 첨가한 약콩청국장이 STZ으로 유도된 당뇨 쥐의 간 기능과 지질조성에 미치는 영향을 비교한 후, 당뇨병과 같은 생활 습관병의 예방과 합병증을 낮추기 위한 식이요법으로 블랙푸드로 만든 청국장식이 섭취에 대한 근거 자료를 마련 할 목적으로 실시하였다. 실험군으로는 정상식이군(Control), 당뇨 정상식이군(Diabetic), 당뇨 대두청국장 식이군(DSC), 당뇨 약콩청국장 식이군(DYC), 그리고 당뇨 블랙푸드를 첨가한 약콩청국장 식이군(DYCB)로 나누어 7주간 실험식이를 공급 한 후 혈청과 간 조직 내 간 기능 지표 및 지질조성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 정상 쥐에 비해 당뇨 쥐의 일일 체중 증가량과 사료효율이 감소되었으며, 이때 식이로 공급한 청국장식이 공급은 아무런 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 간 기능 지표로 GOT와 GPT 활성 모두 정상 쥐에 비해 당뇨 쥐에서 p<0.05 수준에서 유의적으로 높았으나, 청국장식이 공급으로 높아진 활성을 조절할 수 있었다. 총 빌리루빈 함량은 역시 정상 쥐에 비해 당뇨 쥐에서 p<0.05 수준에서 유의적으로 증가되었으나 약콩청국장 및 블랙푸드가 첨가된 약콩청국장 식이의 공급으로 낮출수 있었다. 또한 정상 쥐에 비해 당뇨 쥐에서 p<0.05 수준에서 유의적으로 고지혈 증상과 동맥경화 및 심혈관계 위험지수가 증가된 반면에 HDL-콜레스테롤과 인지질 함량의 감소를 보였다. 그러나 청국장식이 공급으로 다소 호전된 결과를 얻었다. 특히 간 조직 내 중성지질과 총 콜레스테롤 함량과 동맥경화 및 심혈관계 위험지수 조절은 대두 청국장에 비해 블랙푸드로 만든 청국장이 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났으며, 약콩청국장과 블랙푸드를 첨가한 약콩청국장 사이에는 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 따라서 당뇨에 의해 유발 될 수 있는 간 기능, 고지혈증 그리고 동맥경화 및 심혈관계 위험지수 개선에 블랙푸드로 만든 청국장분말 식이 섭취가 다소 도움을 줄 것으로 여겨진다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.120-126
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• 1994

연구배경 : 내과적 치료에 반응이 없는 폐농양 환자와 감염성 낭포환자에서 대체 치료방법은 폐농양 환자에서는 페엽절제술과 같은 수술이나 감염성 낭포환자에서는 계속적 항생제 투여였는데, 저자들은 이와같은 경우 직경이 작은 카테타로 국소마취하에 경피적 배농술을 시행하여 그 치료효과와 부작용을 알아 보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 1주 이상의 항생제를 포함한 내과적 치료에 반응이 없고, 공동의 직경이 6cm 이상인 만성적 기저질환을 가지는 폐농양 환자 9에와 감염성 낭포환자 3예에서 흉부 단순촬영과 흉부 전산화 단층촬영 후 투시하에 seldinger 방법을 사용하여 8.3~12.3 Fr의 카테타를 삽입 후 배농시키면서 임상경과를 관찰하였다. 결과 : 카테타 삽입 후 농흉이 발생한, 폐암과 동반된 1예를 제외한 8예의 폐농양과 3예의 감염성 낭포에서 경피적 배농술 후 임상적 호전을 보였다. 배농 후 평균 1.9일 내 해열되었고, 평균 배농기간은 9.9일이였다. 7예에서 퇴원 후 1~7개월간 외래 관찰되었으며, 재발 등의 문제는 없었다. 결론 : 내과적 치료에 반응이 없는 거대 폐암 환자에게 경피적 배농술은 효과적이고 안전한 방법이므로, 수술보다 우선적으로 고려되어야 하겠다. 그러나 감염성 낭포환자에 대한 경피적 배농술은 본 연구의 결과만으로 내과적 치료보다 더 안전하고 효과적이라고 할 수 없으므로 더 많은 연구가 있어야 하겠다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제65권6호
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• pp.537-540
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• 2008

NTS의 호흡기계 감염은 매우 드문 질환으로 보통 후천성 면역 결핍증, 악성 종양, 교원성 혈관 질환, 스테로이드의 장기간 사용, 겸상적혈구 빈혈증, 당뇨 환자에서 나타난다. 하지만 저자들은 특별한 면역성 질환을 갖고 있지 않은 26세 남자에서 농흉과 종격동염을 진단 후, 환자의 흉수에서 비장티푸스성 살모넬라균이 동정된 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고한다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.118-126
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• 2005

In our study, osteoporosis was induced by ovariectomized in female Sprague-Daweley (SD) rats, and the prevention and treatment efficacy of the climacteric disease the ostmenopausal type I pattern was examined by using the experimental substance soybeans and arowroot. No clinical signs and mortality after continuous oral administration of experimental substances for 14 weeks were not observed, however, the weight of experimental animals underwent ovariectomized was increased significantly in comparison with control group (p<0.01). The atrophy of the uterus due to T3 group was 23.64% after 7 weeks, 24.44% after 14 weeks (in comparison with N.C. group), and it was statistically significantly increased. In regard to the change of blood cells, it was observed that platelets were statistically significantly reduced in the ovariectomized group, and administered orally experimental substances continuously for 7 weeks, in all groups administered experimental substances, it was found that platelets had the tendency to be increased more than N. C. group. In regard to He change of blood biochemistry, removed the ovary, the concentration of ALP showed the tendency to be increased than control group, and particularly in T3 group, it was increased significantly. In regard to the concentration of cholesterol, in comparison with negative control group, it was reduced 68% at 7 weeks and 35% at 14 weeks. After ovariectomized, the amount of estrogen was found to be reduced by 21.37% in comparison with control group, it showed the tendency to be increased by 4.49% in T1 group and 7.62% in T2 group, the concentration of estrogen in each group showed the tendency to be increased than negative control group, and in T3 group, it was increased to 100.46% and 117.65% in T4 group, and it was increased more than control group. Based on the above experimental results, in the experimental animals female rats, because of the hormonal imbalance induced by ovariectomized, a large mount of fat is accumulated in the body and due to it osteoporosis, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, fat of the liver, arteriosclerosis, diabetes, and other metabolic diseases were developed. Hence, when the experimental substance Extraction of ferment arrowroot was orally administered continuously for 14 weeks, it was thought that a certain proportion of the hormonal balance was maintained that functioned as a substance interfering the accumulation of fat, and it was considered to be of help in the treatment of not only osteoporosis Type I, but also for the prevention and treatment of various endocrinal diseases.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2017

Objectives: This study aimed to compare effects on glycemic control and weight loss between the metformin/dapagliflozin combination and the metformin/sitagliptin combination in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed the medical records, from January $1^{st}$ 2015 to March $31^{st}$ 2016, of type 2 diabetic patients who were older than 18 and were prescribed with dapagliflozin or sitagliptin in combination with metformin. Hemoglobin $A_{1c}$ ($HbA_{1c}$) levels and weights were measured every 3 months. Results: The dapagliflozin group showed a greater decrease in $HbA_{1c}$ levels after 3 months (-0.75% vs. 0.01%, P<0.001), 6 months (-0.36% vs. 0.08%, P=0.029), and 9 months (-0.53% vs. 0.08%, P=0.046) compared to the sitagliptin group. Also, the dapagliflozin group showed a greater significant decrease in the rate of change in $HbA_{1c}$ levels after 3 months (-0.09 vs. 0.01, P<0.001), 6 months (-0.04 vs. 0.01, P=0.031), 9 months (-0.07 vs. 0.02, P=0.029), and 12 months (-0.05 vs. 0.05, P=0.047). Furthermore, the dapagliflozin group showed a greater decrease in amount of weight change after 3 months (-2.46 kg vs. 0.37 kg, P<0.001), 6 months (-3.02 kg vs. 0.13 kg, P<0.001), and 9 months (-2.27 kg vs. 0.50 kg, P=0.002). Finally, the dapagliflozin group showed a greater decrease in the rate of change in weight after 3 months (-3.10% vs. 0.52%, P<0.001), 6 months (-3.83% vs. 0.21%, P<0.001), 9 months (-2.84% vs. 0.79%, P=0.002), and 12 months (-4.91% vs. 0.44%, P<0.001). Conclusions: It was concluded that dapagliflozin is more effective than sitagliptin for type 2 diabetic patients.