• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.814-820
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• 2011

It takes long time in numerical simulation because structural design for tire requires the nonlinear material property. Neural networks has been widely studied to engineering design to reduce numerical computation time. The numbers of hidden layer, hidden layer neuron and training data have been considered as the structural design variables of neural networks. In application of neural networks to optimize design, there are a few studies about arrangement method of input layer neurons. To investigate the effect of input layer neuron arrangement on neural networks, the variables of tire contour design and tension in bead area were assigned to inputs and output for neural networks respectively. Design variables arrangement in input layer were determined by main effect analysis. The number of hidden layer, the number of hidden layer neuron and the number of training data and so on have been considered as the structural design variables of neural networks. In application to optimization design problem of neural networks, there are few studies about arrangement method of input layer neurons. To investigate the effect of arrangement of input neurons on neural network learning tire contour design parameters and tension in bead area were assigned to neural input and output respectively. Design variables arrangement in input layer was determined by main effect analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1063-1070
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• 2008

The performance of an acoustic transducer is determined by the effects of many design variables, and mostly the influences of these design variables are not linearly independent of each other. To achieve the optimal performance of an acoustic transducer, we must consider the cross-coupled effects of the design variables. In this study, the variation of the performances of underwater acoustic transducer in relation to its structural variables was analyzed. In addition, the new optimal design scheme of an acoustic transducer that could reflect not only individual but also all the cross-coupled effects of multiple structural variables, and could determine the detailed geometry of the transducer with great efficiency and rapidity was developed. The validation of the new optimal design scheme was verified by applying the optimal structure design of a flextensional transducer which are the most common use for high power underwater acoustic transducer. With the finite element analysis(FEA), we analyzed the variation of the resonance frequency, sound pressure, and working depth of a flextensional transducer in relation to its design variables. Through statistical multiple regression analysis of the results, we derived functional forms of the resonance frequency, sound pressure, and working depth in terms of the design variables. By applying the constrained optimization technique, Sequential Quadratic Programming Method of Phenichny and Danilin(SQP-PD), to the derived function, we designed and verified the optimal structure of the Class IV flextensional transducer that could provide the highest sound pressure level and highest working depth at a given operation frequency of 1 kHz.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1997

A ratio of cosine values of two intersection angles in a tractor-rotary power driveline was established as a design criterion which must be satisfied in the range of vertical movement of the rotary with respect to the tractor. In addition tractor-rotary power driveline was analyzed and 25 design variables were Proposed. The intersection angles were also derived using the design variables. Using the design condition and variables, a computer program was developed to evaluate the performance of the driveline and to simulate the vertical movement of rotary. Several methods for searching the optimum design were also suggested.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.1341-1346
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• 2009

In this paper, the technique to reinforce the durability performance of structure using the sensitivity information for the frame structure is applied. The fatigue life calculation for the frame structure is performed from the quasi-static and transient analysis and the characteristics of two methods are compared for the fatigue analysis. Then the reinforcement technique is applied. First, some design variables related to the locations of fatigue failure is selected. Then sensitivities of fatigue life at fracture points with respect to the variation of design variables are calculated and the vector composed of gaps between the target life and initial life cycles is calculated. If the number of fatigue fracture points is same as the number of design variables, the variations of the design variables are calculated from the linear algebraic equation. If not, the variations of the design variables are calculated from the optimization formulation with the constraints.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.112-123
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• 1997

The optimization techniques have been applied to versatile engineering problems for reducing manufacturing cost and for automatic design. The deterministic approaches or op5imization neglect the effects on uncertainties of design variables. The uncertainties include variation or perturbation such as tolerance band. The optimum may be useless when the constraints considering worst cases of design variables can not be satisfied, which results from constraint variation. The variation of design variables can also give rise to drastic change of performances. The two issues are related to constraint feasibility and insensitive performance. Robust design suggested in the present study is developed to gain an optimum insensitive to variation on design variables within feasible region. The multiobjective function is composed to the mean and the standard deviation of original objective function, while the constraints are supplemented by adding penalty term to original constraints. This method has a advantage that the second derivatives of the constraints are not required. A mathematical problem and several standard problems for structural optimization are solved to check out the usefulness of the suggested method.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2017

Purpose: Since the large hospitals are one of the most intensive energy users among building types in Korea, it is important to investigate and apply appropriate energy conservation measures. There are many researches on energy conservation measures for HVAC system in hospitals, but only few useful guidelines for envelope design variables were existed. The building envelope is one of the important factors to building energy consumption and patients' comfort. The purpose of this study is to suggest the most influential envelope design variables for each end-use energy demand. Methods: 100 samples were generated by LHS(Latin Hypercube Sampling) method. After energy performance simulation, global sensitivity analysis was performed by the regression method. DesignBuilder, Simlab 2.2 and JEPlus were used in this process. Results: The most influencing variables are SHGC, SHGC and VT for heating, cooling, and lighting, respectively. However, the most influencing variable for total energy demand is WWR(Window to Wall Ratio). The analysis was conducted based on the coefficient of variance results. Implications: The six envelop design variables were ranked according to the end-use energy demand.

• 한국기계연구소 소보
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• s.17
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• pp.69-74
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• 1987

This paper introduces a case-building algorithm which can determine automatically a desired design case by categorizing known-variables and unknown-variables among design variables. Common CAD programs use a case-selection technique, where a programmer sets initially a few of design cases and then users can only choose one of the given cases. The case-building technique is a powerful tool for the expert computer-aided design technology.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.53-58
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• 2003

Design of the corrugated watertight bulkhead for a bulk carrier is principally determined by the permissible limit of Classification requirements. As the weight of upper and lower stool has considerable portion of the total weight of the transverse bulkhead, optimum design including the stool geometry and size will play an important role on economic shipbuilding. The purpose of this study is focused on the minimization of steel weight using the design variables, which are the shape and the size of the corrugation as well as the upper and lower stools. Discrete variables are used as design variables for the practical design. In this study, the evolution strategies (ES), which can highly improve the possibility of leaching the global minimum point, are selected as an optimization method. Usefulness of this study is verified by comparison with the proven type ship design. As objective function, total weight of the transverse bulkhead including the upper and lower stools is used.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.278-291
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• 1994

A computer-aided robust design (CARD) technique is developed to search for the design variables, optimal as well as robust in the sense of Taguchi method. The CARD technique can effectively handle inequality problems by employing the variable penalty method, and dynamic problems with many design variables and/or with mixed discrete and continuous variables. It is also capable of providing contributions of each design variables to the object funtion and information for future designs. As the illustrative examples, two dynamic systems, engine mounting system and in-line feeder, are treated.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.587-595
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• 2005

The heat and flow characteristics in a parallel-flow heat exchanger were examined numerically to obtain its optimal design variables. A desirability function approach was introduced to optimize its performance with respect to the design parameters over the design domain. By varying the importance of heat transfer and pressure drop which are out put variables, the optimal values of the design parameters are examined. As a result, the us-age of the desirability function is very effective for the optimization of the design variables in a heat exchanger since the changes of optimal values are physically appropriate by varying the importance of each output variable.