• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

The conventional ACI rectangular stress block is developed on the basis of normal-strength concrete column tests and it is still being used for the design of high-strength concrete members. Many research papers found in the literature indicate that the nominal strength of high-strength concrete members appears to be over-predicted by the ACI rectangular stress block. This is especially true for HSC columns. The general shape of the stress-strain curve of high-strength concrete becomes more likely as a triangle. A triangular stress block is, therefore, introduced in this paper. The proposed stress block is verified using a database which consists of 52 tested singly reinforced high-strength concrete beams having concrete strength above 55 MPa (8,000 psi). In addition, the proposed model is compared with models of various design codes and proposals of researchers found in the literature. The nominal flexural strengths computed using the proposed stress block are in a good agreement with the tested data as well as with that obtained from design codes models and proposals of researchers.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.117-130
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• 1989

Evaluation is to be seen a~ a central component of design activity. It is an attempt to ensure that the proposal which arises is accepted and that the resulting artefact itself suited to its purposes in practice. Recent surveys of Evaluation show that most methods require quantitative and explicit attributes. Always a significant part of the attributes of design proposals is qualitative. Therefore we need some study that convert qualitative attributes into quantitative scale values, because in many cases con\ulcornerclusions can be drawn about the order of the overall value of the design proposals. Following to Thurstone's psychological scaling methods, attributive values are assigned by ruting scale methods, met, hod of rank-order and method of paired comparisons. The problem of psycho\ulcornerlogical scaling is then to determine whether the stimuli can be ordered on a psychological continuum with respect to the degree of the attributes each possesses. The law of comparative judgement assumes that for a given stimulus there is associated a most frequently aroused or modal discriminal process on a psychological continuum. This paper is based upon the premise that the modal discriminul process will also be the same as the mean or median of the distribution.The objective of this paper is to argue for an acceptance of qualitative approaches to the evalua\ulcornertion of Design as a complement to the existing quantitative techniques. The scale values of 10 attri\ulcornerbutes \ulcorner(1) originality, (2) aesthetics, (3) satisfaction, (4) effeciency, (5) function, (6) size, (7) texture, (8) simplicity, (9) symbol, and (10) facility) in case of TV sets are obtained and their interactions are examined.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2018

Purpose: The life span of a hospital building is short. This is because the building will have to be built up due to the fact that it can not cope with the new medical environment, it can not be replaced due to low floor height, lack of land. The purpose of the hospital building master plan is to find a way to fulfill its role in the long term. Methods: Comparison the proposals submitted by the master plan and the proposals submitted by the hospitals, the case of three hospitals that have established a master plan for the past three years. In addition, interviews with the designers who participated in the design competition and the administrator of hospital about the variables that occurred during the business process. Results: The result of this study can be summarized into four points. The first one is that master plan is changed by administrator of hospital so that Thy need to understand about the role of master plan. And next is to protect reduction of the project cost. Third, continuous participation of master plan researchers in following projects is good to communicate with administrator and designer. The last one is empathy of master plan by designer and users. Implications: It is necessary to reduce changing of master plan in design process for sustainable managing of hospital.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.120-138
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• 2006

A city evolves over time. It grows, transforms, and sometimes degrades. Chuncheon is at a turning point from a city souggling with regulations regarding clean water supply and a military encampment to a masterpiece city with a sustainable vision. The city is getting ready to restructure itself to become a world-famous culture and tourism complex expanding its physical boundary across the Camp Page site and absorbing Jungdo as a major tourist attraction. The landscape in the future blueprint of Chuncheon will play a great role in restructuring urban form. The regenerated in will have a new networked open space system as well as re-evaluated landscape resources. The hybrid theoretical practice called 'landscape urbanism' burgeoning in the fields between 'landscape architecture' and 'urbanism' can guide us in considering the terms of the relationship between a city and landscape when we design a future city Landscape urbanism is considered to be an effective framework by which we can diagnose the current status of a landscape in our contemporary urban design practice in Korea. This paper tries to provide a different perspective from the viewpoint of landscape urbanism to decipher the hidden implications of the social agreement on the role of landscape in urban structure by re-reading eight design proposals presented for the ChunCheon G5 international design competition based on the main principles of landscape urbanism. The G5 design competition is a great opportunity to test out new ideas on a city, demonstrating the relative values among various urban-design professional realms. First, this paper provides an overview of the main ideas of landscape urbanism based on the literature review and case studies. Second, framework categories are suggested in order to extract the explicit and implicit ideas on the landscape. Third, eight proposals are reviewed according to the suggested categories to situate the current landscape design of Korea within the mainstream of contemporary practice of landscape urbanism. Based on the review of eight proposals, the following diagnostic conclusions are made; first, the ideas of landscape urbanism have not been actively introduced in large-scaled urban landscape projects in Korea like Chuncheon G5. Second, it remains to be a big task for landscape professions to be able to participate in design consortiums on an equal footing. Third, In order to introduce and reify the ideas of landscape urbanism in Korea, it is inevitable and critical to test the ideas in both academic fields and professional practices to find the appropriately adjusted model of landscape urbanism.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권5호통권112호
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• pp.15-30
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• 2005

A deserted town once vibrant with active commercial activities around a railroad station now tries to find a way to escape from depression and revive its life with a renewed civic pride. An open space adjacent to the Main Street, the commercial district of Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, is waiting to be transformed and reconfigured to be a new ecological park to boost the economy of the community. Bridge Park is 26-acre land abutting the Cape Cod Canal with a railroad bridge as a backdrop. The existing condition of the site with a small salt marsh, woodland, lawn, and the vestige of old railroad easement along with the proximity to the commercial district poses an interesting question of how to make a medium scaled ecological park within an urban context. This paper examines the winning design proposals for the Bridge Park submitted to the International Design Competition held in April, 2005. Six winning proposals were introduced and discussed in terms of categories related to the trend of contemporary landscape design such as; 1) ecological ordinariness and geometric figures, 2) topography and spatial imagination, 3) minimal programs and open put 4) time and process oriented design, 5) park and economic effects and 6) diagrammatic plan and photo montage. Bridge Park Design Competition confirms the complex characteristics representing the contemporary landscape design overcoming the dichotomy between nature and culture and the 'pastoral ecological design' and 'landscape as an art'. The Park becomes the activating agent for the community rejecting the conventional and passive role as a romantic picturesque landscape. Bridge Park International Design Competition is a meaningful event to test the idea of new ecological urban park, and to fine-tune the trend of the contemporary urban park design.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제48권
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• pp.7-41
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• 2002

This paper analyses the proposals contained in the British Government Green Paper, A New Contract for Welfare: Partnership in Pensions for low paid workers and the potential of the new rules to guarantee a decent income in old age. The UK pension system is a partnership between the State(providing the basic state pension and the SERPS), employers(providing occupational pension scheme) and private pension providers(providing personal pensions). Although the system needs to change, this partnership remains the right foundation. However, the pension Green Paper proposes substantial changes to second tier pension provision in the UK. In particular, the Government plans to replace the SERPS with a new State Second Pension. According to the Green Paper, this will result in "dramatically better pension provision for those earning less than ${\pounds}9,000$ a year" and through increased payments to private pension schemes, will also provide "extra help to those on middle incomes(${\pounds}9,000-{\pounds}18,500$ a year). Therefore, it discusses the general principles inherent in the design of the British pension system and analyses the balance of these principles is represented in the Green Paper. The paper then examines how the Government's proposals protect individuals from a means-tested old age. This paper finds that the Green paper's proposals add up to reinventing a new two-stage basic pension. However, two key features of a such a basic pension package are missing- an 'adequate' level of payment and comprehensive entitlement. Because of these missing principles we argue that the Green Paper's proposals incorporate for the low paid. The income from the basic pension and the secondary pension which is so near the means-tested minimum that little is gained in retirement from a lifetime of work and contribution. Indeed, the shift away from collective provision and the emphasis on individual responsibility will reinforce this inequality, so that many poor will continue to experience poverty in later life.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2022

New buildings have been designed using different seismic design standards that have been revised. However, the seismic performance of existing buildings is evaluated through the same performance evaluation guidelines. Existing buildings may not satisfy the performance targets suggested in the current guidelines, but there are practical limitations to discriminating the existing buildings with poor seismic performance through a full investigation. In this regard, to classify buildings with poor seismic performance according to the applied standard, this study aimed to evaluate performance-based investigation of the seismic design proposals of buildings with different design standards. The target buildings were set as RC ordinary moment frames for office occupancy. Changes in seismic design criteria by period were analyzed, and the design spectrum changes of reinforced concrete ordinary moment resisting frames were compared to analyze the seismic load acting on the building during design. The seismic design plan was derived through structural analysis of the target model, compared the member force and cross-sectional performance, and a preliminary evaluation of the seismic performance was performed to analyze the performance level through DCR. As a result of the seismic performance analysis through the derived design, the reinforced concrete ordinary moment frame design based on AIK 2000 has an insufficient seismic performance level, so buildings built before 2005 are likely to need seismic reinforcement.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.103-125
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• 2008

본 연구는 프로그램 디자인 활동의 결과물인 제안서의 분석을 통하여 사회복지실천현장에서 이루어지는 프로그램 디자인 활동의 특징들을 이해하고자 하였다. 분석대상은 민간복지재단에서 전국의 사회복지실천현장을 대상으로 공모한 사업에서 2005년 및 2006년도에 제출된 노인복지분야의 73개 제안서이다. 분석방법으로는 내용분석을 사용하였으며, 프로그램의 일반적인 특성과 프로그램 디자인의 특성에 관하여 주요 구성요소를 중심으로 분석하였다. 연구결과로서는 제안서의 구성과 작성하는 방법이 공모사업에서 이미 정형화가 되어 있지만 개별적인 제안서에서 나타나는 프로그램 구성요소상의 디자인 활동은 매우 다양하며, 구성요소의 영역별로 질적인 측면에서 수준의 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 프로그램 제안서 작성에서 프로그램 디자인 구성요소의 개념 및 요소간의 논리성, 조사기술의 적용, 실천현장에서의 구체적인 절차화와 관련된 다양한 어려움과 혼란도 나타나고 있었다. 끝으로 실천현장의 이러한 프로그램 디자인 활동의 어려움과 혼란을 해결하는데 도움을 줄 수 있는 연구, 교육, 실천적 과제를 제시하였다.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2001년도 학술대회지
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• pp.46-53
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• 2001

정부의 지속적인 사회간접시설의 건설로 많은 대형공공공사가 발주되고 있으며, 이에 따라 많은 건설 클레임이 발생되고 있으며, 그 .중에서도 현장여건상이 클레임은 발생가능성이 높은 부분이다. 특히 현장여건상이 클레임은 여타 클레임과 달리 공사 초기에 발생하여 여타의 클레임보다 큰 손실을 초래할 수 있으므로 이에 대한 예방방안의 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 본 연구는 국내의 대형공공공사 중 일괄공사계약으로 발주된 공사에서 발생한 현장여건상이 클레임의 원인을 분석하고, 향후 이러한 클레임을 예방할 수 있는 예방방안을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 제시하고 있는 예방방안으로는 첫째 수급자의 입찰관행 개선, 둘째 수급자의 현장조사 책임한계 정립, 셋째 발주자의 면책조항 재검토 그리고 마지막으로 계약금액 조정의 유연성을 확보하기 위한 방안 등을 제시하고 있다. 또한 상기의 예방방안에 대한 단·장기적 대안도 제시했다. 이러한 예방방안들은 발주자와 수급자 사이에서 현장여건상이 클레임의 해결에 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.735-743
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• 2017

본 논문은 통합설계교육 방법론에 대한 연구로서 1990년대 물질조직화의 개념으로 작업하였던 건축가들 중 특히 FOA에 집중하여 건축관과 설계방법론을 고찰하고 이를 적용한 수업사례를 중심으로 통합설계교육 방법론으로서의 가능성을 고찰하는 것을 목적으로 한다. FOA의 설계방법론은 프로토타입에서 출발하여 건물을 구성하는 요소를 물질로서 다루고 다이어그램의 위상학적 변환의 과정으로 이들을 조정하고 통합하여 하나의 건물로 일관성 있게 조직화하는 방법이다. 이를 실제 본인이 지도하였던 통합설계스튜디오의 설계방법론으로 적용하여 학생들의 설계과제를 진행하고 이를 분석하였다. 통합설계스튜디오는 대지의 문화적, 역사적 맥락의 이해를 바탕으로 한 설계개념의 추출에서 시작하여, 기본법규사항과 무장애 설계에 대한 이해와 적용을 거쳐, 필요한 기술적 요소들을 적용하고 조정하면서 상세설계까지 발전시키는 것을 교육목표로 삼아 진행되었으며, 학생들은 물질조직화의 방법으로 여러 관련 이론과목에서 배운 지식들을 통합한 설계안을 도출하고자 하였다. 이 과정에서 학생들은 구조, 대지의 역사, 극장 시야각 등을 주요 물질 요소로 삼아 형태를 형성하며 학습한 지식과 설계안을 일관성 있게 통합할 수 있음을 보여주었으며, 이에 FOA의 물질조직화를 기반으로 한 설계방법론은 통합설계방법론으로서의 의의를 갖는다고 판단된다.