• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.226-249
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• 1998

Technology diffusion policy can be defined as the role of government in linking knowledge production with usage. It has an importance due to the fact that linking knowledge between the producing agent and using agent does not automatically occur. If knowledge produced by an R&D agent is not used by somebody else, the knowledge may deteriorate to a social loss since knowledge production consumes a considerable degree of social resources. Explicit technology diffusion policies are not found in Korea. There we, however, a number of implicit policies to promote technology diffusion, mainly by promoting cooperation among universities, industries and research institutes. Government R&D programs have provided incentives for cooperative research projects, and many government sponsored institutes have been assigned the role of technology assistance for small and medium sized firms. Nevertheless, diffusion policies remain weak in comparison to other innovation and technology policies. This is reflected in the relatively small scale of government support for technology diffusion programs. In addition, there is no systematic approach between the different ministries for enhancing diffusion across technologies, institutions, sectors and regions. A comprehensive evaluation of government diffusion programs, which is necessary for improving policy and program design, is lacking. Enhancing the diffusion of technology in Korea will require the strengthening of policies at different levels, including; 1) increasing the orientation of science and technology policies towards diffusion; 2) increasing the scale of existing diffusion programs; 3) developing new diffusion programs, in particular sector-specific or manpower training programs; 4) developing policies to encourage a culture of cooperation that can facilitate technology diffusion; and 5) carrying out substantial policy research to develop diffusion policies.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.172-189
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• 2023

This study investigated the potential contribution of ChatGPT, a massive language and information model, in the decision-making process of public design policies, focusing on the characteristics inherent to public design. Public design utilizes the principles and approaches of design to address societal issues and aims to improve public services. In order to formulate public design policies and plans, it is essential to base them on extensive data, including the general status of the area, population demographics, infrastructure, resources, safety, existing policies, legal regulations, landscape, spatial conditions, current state of public design, and regional issues. Therefore, public design is a field of design research that encompasses a vast amount of data and language. Considering the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence technology and the significance of public design, this study aims to explore how massive language and information models like ChatGPT can contribute to public design policies. Alongside, we reviewed the concepts and principles of public design, its role in policy development and implementation, and examined the overview and features of ChatGPT, including its application cases and preceding research to determine its utility in the decision-making process of public design policies. The study found that ChatGPT could offer substantial language information during the formulation of public design policies and assist in decision-making. In particular, ChatGPT proved useful in providing various perspectives and swiftly supplying information necessary for policy decisions. Additionally, the trend of utilizing artificial intelligence in government policy development was confirmed through various studies. However, the usage of ChatGPT also unveiled ethical, legal, and personal privacy issues. Notably, ethical dilemmas were raised, along with issues related to bias and fairness. To practically apply ChatGPT in the decision-making process of public design policies, first, it is necessary to enhance the capacities of policy developers and public design experts to a certain extent. Second, it is advisable to create a provisional regulation named 'Ordinance on the Use of AI in Policy' to continuously refine the utilization until legal adjustments are made. Currently, implementing these two strategies is deemed necessary. Consequently, employing massive language and information models like ChatGPT in the public design field, which harbors a vast amount of language, holds substantial value.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.360-370
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• 1999

The paper proposed a basic architecture of an agent system to support exchange and sharing of design informations by means of ACL(Agent Communication Language) which can represent design informations and knowledges. Based on the architecture of the agent system a ship initial design agent system was implemented in order to show the effectiveness of the agent-based system. The basic architecture of the agent consists of an ACL handlerand CORBA(Common Object Request Broker Architecture) objects for the exchange of ACL messages in the heterogeneous and distributed environment. The ACL handler can process expressions of knowledge and manage communication messages among the agents. The paper mainly focuses on the implementation of the ACL handler. The ACL handler consist of a KQML(Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language) handler that manages KQML messages, a conversation module, and a content handler that handles message contents. The conversation modulo implements conversation policies and checks all messages if they are allowable and meaningful messages based on the conversation policies. The implemented agent-based system was applied to the ship initial design to show the handling procedure of the agent system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2020

The new urbanization is one of prestige growth engines to lead the next generation of China economy, it promotes new sustainable urban development models guided by various planning polices to improve urban livability and sustainability in accommodation with economy, social, and environmental consideration. The expanding urban periphery to rural area should leverages existing assets, infrastructure, local context and plans as a showcase of environmental and economic balance in a responsibly high-density, green community designed to human development and ecological settlement. The Beijing Chaoyang District and Tianjin Binhai area are a strategic advancement in the policy of building one of the most powerful economic regions, the Bohai Rim. Recently released 'Jingjinji development plan' supports various urbanization policies and encourages sustainable developments including 2 significant city center projects which are under way in global attention. The study compared on the characters of development policies and the cutting-edge smart design strategies by which they are applied, the master plan of the Beijing Chaoyang District expansion plan and Tianjin Yujiapu CBD project embrace innovative sustainable technologies.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.113-125
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• 2023

Purpose: Support policies for small and medium-sized retailers (SMSRs) have been promoted in various ways over the past 20 years, but they are generally regarded as unsuccessful. The purpose of this study is to analyze the process and impact of policy changes, identify the reasons for the lack of success, and explore policy alternatives. Research design, data and methodology: This study explored major policies in various categories such as the retail industry, traditional markets, and Micro-Enterprises from the mid-1990s to the present. It also analyzed the short- and long-term impacts of major policies at the retail format level like SMSRs, using data from Statistics Korea's service industry survey. Results: This research found that sudden shifts in policy philosophy conflicted with the existing market structure and reduced the effectiveness of policies. It also found that policies aimed at improving competitiveness at the SMSRs-level had some effect, while polices aimed at supporting expenses at the individual store-level were difficult to achieve their intended purpose. Conclusions: The failure of the policy to support SMSRs is fundamentally due to the late response and conflicts between policies. It was also not successful due to the policy's focus on individual store-level expenses and maintaining employment rather than structural improvements of SMSRs format.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.91-108
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• 1998

Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (AS/RSs) are an important facility for modern material management. The expected benefits of these capital-intensive facilities are gained when their control policies and their physical design parameters are determined simultaneously. In this paper we present several analytical models that capture the impact of the storage assignment policy and of the rack design on the expected storage and retrieval times. Sequential and interleaved service modes are considered for sequencing the storage and retrieval requests. We further investigate the impact of the rack structure on the relative performance of the following storage assignment policies : closest open location (random), full turnover-based policy, and class-based. Our analysis clearly indicates that significant savings in crane travel time are realized when implementing full turnover-based policy, rather than random. These savings become more and more pronounced as the profile of the storage racks approaches the square-in-time shape. Furthermore, it is shown that a class-based policy, with a small number of storage classes, will capture most of these savings and be easier to manage in practice.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.31-42
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• 2006

Design, to all of us living in the 21st century, is not just an action that revs up the production and consumption as an added value of an industry, but it is recognized as a broader social and cultural action in practice. The purpose of this study is to broaden the role of design as a principal body producing culture, and to proclaim that design itself has to have self-sufficiency as culture. The study starts from a hypothesis that the action of design should be at the core of cultural industry. The study includes studying the documents on and analyzing the current status and case studies of cultural industry and design policies for macro view. Comparative research and analysis of how designers from three countries, Korea, United States and England, perceive policies is a microscopic part of this study. The methods for this study include survey for quantitative research in Korea, United States and England, and intensive interviews for qualitative research to explain past facts and the current situation of design policies. The survey compares design professionals of three countries, and the intensive interviews are done with manager level design professionals who are both decision makers and policy makers. On order to prove the appropriateness of the survey structure, three pilot studies and a pre-test were carried out. As shown in the verification of the subject of study, if, in the cultural industry which was considered to be the blossom of 20th century, the blind running without intervention of reason still keeps its former state and is unable to go beyond history, we will not be able to enter the age of mentality and fall behind. The value of design that we shall judge depends on the dialectic of 'past' and 'present' regarding the principle of enlightenment, and it will open up a new philosophy, a new civilization and a new world.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.134-147
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• 2009

Tracking and exploiting instantaneous spectrum opportunities are fundamental challenges in opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) in presence of the bursty traffic of primary users and the limited spectrum sensing capability of secondary users. In order to take advantage of the history of spectrum sensing and access decisions, a sequential decision framework is widely used to design optimal policies. However, many existing schemes, based on a partially observed Markov decision process (POMDP) framework, reveal that optimal policies are non-stationary in nature which renders them difficult to calculate and implement. Therefore, this work pursues stationary OSA policies, which are thereby efficient yet low-complexity, while still incorporating many practical factors, such as spectrum sensing errors and a priori unknown statistical spectrum knowledge. First, with an approximation on channel evolution, OSA is formulated in a multi-armed bandit (MAB) framework. As a result, the optimal policy is specified by the wellknown Gittins index rule, where the channel with the largest Gittins index is always selected. Then, closed-form formulas are derived for the Gittins indices with tunable approximation, and the design of a reinforcement learning algorithm is presented for calculating the Gittins indices, depending on whether the Markovian channel parameters are available a priori or not. Finally, the superiority of the scheme is presented via extensive experiments compared to other existing schemes in terms of the quality of policies and optimality.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.23-37
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• 2000

EDI is basically the concept of computer-to-computer exchange of messages relating to various types of activities or business areas, such as banking, trade, medicine, publishing, etc. Therefore, security, reliability and special functionality will be implicit requirements of EDI systems. We will design access control model to content security of these requirements. Access controls in information systems are responsible for ensuring that all direct access to the entities occur exclusively according to the access modes and rules fixed by security policies. On this paper, security policies for access control model are presented from the viewpoints of identity-based, rule-based, role-based policy. We give a design of access control model for secure EDI service based on the derived access control rules and operations to enforce the defined security policies. The proposed access control model provides integrity, confidentiality and a flow control of EDI messages.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.52-64
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• 2017

Since 1960's Korea has undergone rapid modernization which has problem on the change of industrial society. This phenomena led the trend that tended to produce residence only in the quantity. However, supply-oriented policies for increasing the penetration rate of housing but only in the mass production of housing, the quality of life has not reached the demand of the residents. In this reason, the purpose of this study is to derive the factors of social integration plan through the public rental housing with characteristics of social housing. Therefore, the subjects of this study are social integration public rental housing in USA, Netherlands and Korea. Specially USA and Netherlands are advanced countries where public rental housing policies and design have been established long ago. In this reason, it is needed to analysis the cases and find a new method to compare with Korea's public rental housing. Accordingly it is expected that the result of case studies shows First, it is necessary to realize a community plan that continuously encourages communication and participation for social integration. Second, It should aim at a mixed community of small-income groups through private-public cooperation rather than government-led large scale public housing construction. Third, it is needed that develop various policies and systems and realize them in social integration plan.