• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.221-228
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of alcohol use, depression, and self-esteem on suicidal ideation of older adults. Community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older were recruited from three welfare centers. A total of 245 older adults was assessed with the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Korean (AUDIT-K), Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form-Korea Version (GDSSF-K), Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI). Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis were performed using the SPSS WIN 19.0 program. Higher depression, lower self-esteem, no religion, and poorly perceived health were statistically significant determinants of higher level of suicidal ideation in older adults. To prevent or reduce suicidal ideation of older adults, health care providers should consider the determinants identified in this study.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2011

Objectives : We examined the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Depression and Somatic Symptom Scale (DSSS) in Korean patients with depressive symptoms. Methods : Participants were 55 outpatients diagnosed with major depressive disorder, a depressive episode of bipolar I disorder, somatoform disorder, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, or post-traumatic stress disorder according to the DSM-IV criteria. We assessed them using the Korean versions of the DSSS, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self Report (QIDS-SR). Results : The Korean version DSSS had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.90. Moreover, each item's correlation with the total score was statistically significant (r=0.24-0.71, p<0.01). The test-retest correlation coefficient (r=0.83, p<0.01) was relatively high, and the DSSS correlations with the HDRS and QIDS-SR were 0.77 and 0.74, respectively. Conclusion : These results demonstrate that the Korean version of the DSSS could be a reliable and valid tool for screening and assessing depressive patients. The Korean version of the DSSS will be a useful tool for screening both depressive and somatic symptoms in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.244-256
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of coping mechanisms on uncertainty and depression. The subjects were 71 cancer patients selected from Junbook National University Hospital, and the data collection period was from June 21 to October 19 of 2000. Uncertainty was measured by using Mishel's Uncertainty Scale, problem- focused coping, and emotional-focused coping. The data was collected by a questionnaire developed by Lee (1984), and then depression measured by using Beck's depression scale. program by Pearson Correlation Coefficients, and Path analysis. The results were as follows : 1. The mean uncertainty score was 59.17, the mean problem-focused coping score was 48.78, the mean emotional-focused coping score was 42.52. 2. The mean depression score was 15.77. 3. Uncertainty in illness was significantly related to depression (p=0.003) and emotional-focused coping (p=0.028), but uncertainty was not associated with coping mechanisms. 4. When analyzed multiple regression between uncertainty, problem-focused coping, emotional- focused coping, and depression, more specifically emotional-focused coping showed a stronger association with depression than problem-focused coping. 5. Depression was highly correlated with economic status (p=0.015), educational background (p=0.005), duration of disease (p=0.045). 6. Problem-focused coping and emotional-focused coping appeared to function as moderators instead mediators on the relation between uncertainty and depression. In addition, as a whole, uncertainty showed a significant moderating effect on depression, while problem-focused coping did on depression. Finally, limitation of present findings were discussed and implications for future studies are suggested.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2007

The objective of tills study is to identify the difference of somatic characteristics between Hwa-Byung and Major Depression by comparing the pattern identification of Hwa-Byung group and Hwa-Byung with Major Depression group(double diagnosis) Method: According to Hwa-Byung Diagnostic Interview Schedule(HBDIS) and SCID, 17 patients as diagnosed Hwa-Byung and 20 patients as diagnosed Hwa-Byung with Major Depression group(double diagnosis) were recruited. and by depression scale like Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HRDS) & Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale(MADRS), we excluded patients complaining moderate & severe depression among Hwa-Byung group and excluded patients showing mild depression among Hwa-Byung with Major Depression group. After this evaluation, we analysed and compared the pattern identification of both groups by OMS-prime. Result: 1. There were no significant differences of demographic data between both groups. 2. In the result of 'analysis on pattern identification' for all participant used by OMS-prime, most frequent pattern was deficiency of Yin and Yang of the heart(49%). 3. In the result of 'analysis on most correlated pattern identification' used by OMS-prime, for Hwa-Byung group was deficiency of Yin and Yang of the heart(45%) and the next were disharmony of the liver and spleen (20%), generation of phlegm due to stagnation of Gallbladder(15%) deficiency of Qi and Yin of the heart(l0%), And for Hwa-Byung with Major Depression group(double diagnosis) was deficiency of Yin and Yang of the heart(53%), the next were generation of phlegm due to stagnation of Gallbladder(18%), and deficiency of Qi and blood of the heart(l2%), 4. In the result of 'analysis on significant pattern identification' used by OMS-prime, for Hwa-Byung group was deficiency of Yin and Yang of the heart(20%) and the next were disharmony of the liver and spleen(15%), generation of phiegm due to stagnation of Gallbladder(15%), deficiency of Qi and Yin of the heart(14%), And for Hwa-Byung plus Major Depression group(double diagnosis) was deficiency of Yin and Yang of the heart(18%), the next were deficiency of Qi and Yin of the heart(18%), deficiency of Qi and blood of the heart(l0%), generation of phiegm due to stagnation of Gallbladder(18%), Conclusion: Hwabyung is syndrome that have many different symptoms, but there is no difference between Hwa-Byung group and Hwa-Byung with Major Depression group(double diagnosis) on the side of symptoms. Therefore, Hwabyung could be a new model for research on depression in Korean.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.405-414
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• 2015

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to examine the effects of home visit healthcare using a complex program on community-dwelling frail elders' physical strength, frailty, and depression and to compare the effects among three regions. Methods: This study was conducted as a quasi-experimental study using one-group pretest-posttest design. A total of 86 subjects were sampled from three regions (metropolis, small city, and rural area). The program was applied for 14 weeks. This program consisted of disease management by a visiting nurse, exercise with a visiting nurse, self exercise, telephone monitoring, health education, counseling, providing handbook, and incentive. Physical strength was measured by balance, upper-limb, and lower-limb muscle strength. Frailty was measured by the Korean Frail Scale and depression was measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale. Paired t-test and ANCOVA were used to analyze the effects. Results: Physical strength, frailty, and depression were significantly improved after applying the complex program. There were not differences among the regions. Conclusion: Home visit healthcare using a complex program was effective in improving frail elders' physical strength, frailty, and depression. There were not differences among the regions. Therefore, home visit healthcare using a complex program needs to be expanded to other regions.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.389-399
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the relationships between cognitive coping, hope, depression, and life satisfaction of hemodialysis patients based on the stress-coping model. Methods: For this cross-sectional survey, 142 participants were recruited from 10 local clinics in Seoul and Daegu during 2012-2013. The data collection instruments included the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Herth Hope Index, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The cognitive coping scores were significantly related to hope, depression, and life satisfaction. The coping strategies explained 80%, 37%, and 38% of the variances in hope, depression, and life satisfaction, respectively. The most powerful coping strategy was positive refocusing, explaining 73% in hope, 25% in depression, and 25% in life satisfaction. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that cognitive coping plays an essential role for psychological adaptation of hemodialysis patients. Thus, interventions integrating positive refocusing would help instilling hope of hemodialysis patients in Korea.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.31
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• pp.18.1-18.8
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• 2016

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with depression and suicidal ideation in a rural population. Methods A survey was conducted with 543 farmers from Chungcheongnam-do Province using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) for depression, Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS) for social support, Swedish Q16 for neurotoxicity symptoms and a survey tool for farmer's syndrome. Results After adjusting for socioeconomic factors using logistic regression analysis, poor self-rated health, low social support and neurotoxicity were positively associated with the risk of depression (odds ratio [OR], 15.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.11 to 81.97; OR, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.26 to 7.82; and OR, 3.68; 95% CI, 1.08 to 12.57, respectively). The risk of suicidal ideation significantly increased with low social support, neurotoxicity and farmer's syndrome (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.18 to 4.40; OR, 6.17; 95% CI, 2.85 to 13.34; and OR, 3.70; 95% CI, 1.51 to 9.07, respectively). Conclusions Given the overall results of this study, there is a need to establish programs which can improve the health and social relationships of farmers. Also, when farmers have neurological symptoms from pesticide exposure and characteristic symptoms of farmer's syndrome, a monitoring system for depression and suicide must be made available.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.197-206
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of light therapy on sleep disturbance and depression in climacteric women with menopausal symptoms. Methods: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pre test-post test design. Data were collected from September 29, 2013 to November 11, 2013. Participants included 17 climacteric women in an artificial light therapy group, 17 climacteric women in a sun light therapy group and 16 climacteric women in a control group. Measures consisted of the sleep disturbance, depression, melatonin, and serotonin. Results: There was a statistically significant difference of Korean Sleep Scale A (F=53.87, p<.001), and melatonin (F=31.19, p<.001) among three groups. There was a statistically significant difference of Self-Rating Depression Scale (F=121.86, p<.001), and serotonin (F=102.37, p<.001) among three groups. Conclusion: Artificial and sun light therapy can be applied as a supportive nursing intervention to subjects with sleep disturbance and depression in climacteric women with menopausal symptoms. Artificial and sun light therapy is expected to be a complementary alternative intervention for health management of the subjects with sleep disturbance and depression in climacteric women with menopausal symptoms.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.215-226
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to investigate factors associated with employment stress and the relationships among employment stress, depression, and body mass index (BMI) among college nursing students. Methods: Subjects included 319 students at two colleges in Kyonggi and Chungbuk province, who were asked to complete a survey questionnaire. T-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression were used for statistical analysis of data. Results: Results of this study showed an average value of 53.39 for the total employment stress scale, and both values for familial environmental stress and school environmental stress were relatively higher among subscales of employment stress. The average score on the depression scale was 10.18 indicating slightly high, and BMI was 20.35 with an obesity fraction of 12.3%. In addition, the results also indicated that they suffered from much stronger employment stress according to their severity of depression. Overall factors that affect employment stress included depression, age, economic status, and whether family members live together or not. However, BMI had no significant statistical effect on employment stress. Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that it is necessary for students to measure and control their employment stress and depression, because employment stress is closely associated with depression.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of fatigue, depression and sleep disorders and to find the correlation between them in patients with chronic liver disease. Methods: The participants consisted of 130 patients with chronic liver disease who visited the C University Hospital in Daegu, Korea from July to August, 2011. Data were collected by a self-reporting questionnaire of the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale, Depression Inventory (BDI) and Sleep Scale. Collected data were analyzed by using PASW Statistics 18.0 program for descriptive statistics, T-test, one-way ANOVA and Correlation Analysis. Results: There were significant differences in fatigue scores (t=8.415, $p$=.004) and depression scores (t=10.08, $p$=.002) between subjects with symptoms of liver disease and those with no symptoms. There was no significant difference in sleep disorder scores. In addition, there is a significant correlation between fatigue and depression (r=.641), linking fatigue and sleep disorders (r=.578), and between depression and sleep disorders (r=.572). Conclusion: It is necessary to develop multidisciplinary intervention programs to relieve patientsuffering.