• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.822-826
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine the effects of a 0.5% sodium alginate eggshell coating, that was applied at two temperatures, 5 and $25^{\circ}C$, by examining the degree of microbial inhibition on the eggshell surface as well as the coating's effects on egg quality during storage. A significant portion of human Salmonella enteritidis infection is traced to food contamination, and eggs are often highly exposed to this type of contamination. The 0.5% sodium alginate coating's effect for inhibiting microbial growth on the eggs, at $25^{\circ}C$ for 7 days, was one hundred thousand times more effective than that of the uncoated eggs. The pH level in eggs increases as the eggs lose $CO_2$ and as the storage temperature increases. We found that the pH of the coated eggs was lower than that of the uncoated eggs. The pH for the uncoated eggs changed from 7.72 to 7.94 over 30 days of storage at $5^{\circ}C$. However, when the eggs were coated with 0.5% sodium alginate, the pH changed from 7.72 to 7.85 over 30 days of storage at $5^{\circ}C$. The Haugh unit was 66.02 for the uncoated eggs and 70.37 for the 0.5% sodium alginate coated eggs after 30 days of storage. The yolk index of the eggs coated with sodium alginate was higher than that of the uncoated eggs after 30 days. These results indicate that a sodium alginate coating on eggs can serve as protection from microbes and is effective in preserving the interior quality of eggs.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.28-48
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• 2019

This research is aimed at identifying the perception associated with urban regeneration and predicting policy implications of future directions by analyzing the trend of urban regeneration depicted in the mass media by utilizing SNA (Semantic-Network Analysis) techniques. As the number of articles has increased, it is noted through analysis that the interrelationships between social phenomena and issues have combined to form the meaning of urban regeneration. Overall, 'urban' and 'regeneration' keywords also appeared at different periods, with 'urban' closely related to 'regeneration' starting in 1970 when urbanization was becoming more prevalent. It was analyzed that the frequency of 'urban' appeared more frequently in the early 1990s, while the frequency of 'rural' decreased sharply. Until the 1990s, the slums and the recession that appeared as side effects of urban problem-solving policies were mostly concentrated in cities. Policy discussions were conducted with the goal of improving the physical environment of cities rather than concentrating on the surrounding rural areas. The distributions of the keywords 'development' and 'regeneration' have increased quantitatively since the 1970s, and urban polarization has exploded due to the development of the external growth of cities, mirroring the trend of accelerated environmental threats. In particular, the keywords for 'regeneration' emerged mainly related to environmental problems, which led to the need for urban regeneration, and environmentally and ecologically friendly development. The emergence of "urban," "regeneration" and "environment" as keywords having to do with urban regeneration grew in the 1990s. This suggests that urban regeneration is now linked to "environment", as that has become a social issue.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.159-179
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• 2024

Based on the case of collaboration between large companies and startups, this study suggests the importance of establishing mutual cooperation and trust relationships for the success of open innovation strategy from the perspective of cooperative game theory. It also provides implications for how this can be implemented. Due to information asymmetry and differences in organizational culture and decision-making structures between large companies and startups, collaboration is likely to proceed in the form of non-cooperative games among players in general open innovation, leading to the paradox of open innovation, which lowers the degree of innovation. Accordingly, this study conducted a case study on collaboration between large company 'G' and startup 'S' based on the research question "How did we successfully promote open innovation through cooperative game-type collaboration?" The study found that successful open innovation requires (1) setting clear collaboration goals to solve the organizational problem between large companies and startups, (2) supporting human resources for qualitative growth of startups to solve reliability problems, (3) leading to strategic investment and joint promotion of new projects to solve the profit distribution problem. This study is significant in that it contributes to expanding the discussion of the success factors of open innovation to the importance of interaction and strategic judgment considering the organizational culture and decision-making structure among players, and empirically confirming the success conditions of open innovation from the perspective of cooperative game theory.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.36-46
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of artificial soil ground on a structure. When the artificial soil ground is planted, the technical factors to be considered will be the load for buildings and the growth of plants. There are no current studies of the effect of artificial soil ground on a structure and this study will analyze the load effects of artificial soil ground, which mixes both pearlite and natural soil on structures. The load affecting the structures due to artificial soil ground will be maximized when the artificial soil ground becomes saturated, and which would occur when the rainfall intensity exceeds the infiltration capacity of the artificial soil ground. In order to determine whether the artificial soil ground has reached saturation or not, a 10 years frequency and 10 minutes rainfall intensity which is used for in urban drain design, is utilized. The hydraulic conductivity of artificial soil and mixed soil has been changed depending on the proportion of the mix, It has a range of fluctuation in the degree of hardening, in particular, but does not exceed the 10 minutes rainfall intensity over 10 years frequency in the most cases. Therefore, it would be efficient to apply the saturated unit weight of artificial soil ground as the design load of a structure.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2012

With the rapid growth of fresh-cut produce market, the South Korean fresh-cut industry is facing the challenge of ensuring food safety. As the estimation of the microbial numbers in fresh-cut produce processing lines (tools, and equipment) using the conventional microbiological techniques takes days, so there is a need for faster and easier monitoring methods. This study was conducted to investigate the use of ATP bioluminescence assay to measure the degree of microbial contamination from three actual fresh-cut processing lines. The samples collected from frech-cut vegetables, and fresh-cut fruits processing plants were tested for the estimation of the bacterial number, using the ATP bioluminescence and microbiological methods. The result of former was transferred to log RLU/100 $cm^2$, and that of the latter was transferred to log CFU/100 $cm^2$. A positive linear correlation between the ATP bioluminescence assay value and aerobic-plate count was found for fresh-cut processing lines, with a correlation coefficient of 0.8772 (n=50). The results of this study indicate that ATP bioluminescence assay can be used to monitor microbial contamination in fresh-cut produce processing plants, and can help improve the hygiene therein.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1997

Gymnophclloides seoi is a human intestinal trematode prevalent on southwestern islands in Korea. In the present study, we investigated whether G. seoi metacercariae can grow and develop into adults by in vitro cultivation. The metacercariae were obtained from naturally infected oysters, and cultured in uitro for 5 days under three conditions; $37^{\circ}C/5%{\;}CO_2,{\;}41^{\circ}C/8%{\;}CO_2,{\;}or{\;}41^{\circ}C/15%{\;}CO_2$, in NCTC 109 complete media containing 20% FBS and 1% antibiotics-antimycotics. The degree of worm growth and development was compared with that grown in uiuo of C3H mice. The length of the worms cultivated in uitro was $200-300{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$, not significantly different from metacercariae, whereas the length of the worms recovered from C3H mice was significantly larger, $300-400{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$. The worms produced eggs when grown in C3H mice or cultured in vitro for 2 days under $41^{\circ}C/8%{\;}CO_2{\;}or{\;}41^{\circ}C/5%{\;}CO_2$, but not when cultured under 37$^{\circ}C/5%{\;}CO_2$. Among the in vitro conditions, $41^{\circ}C/15%{\;}CO_2$ was best for egg Production, although the number of eggs was about half of worms obtained from C3H mice. In conclusion, in vitro cultivation of G. semi metacercariae into egg-pioducing adults was partially successful under culture conditions of $41^{\circ}C/5%{\;}CO_2{\;}or{\;}41^{\circ}C/8%{\;}CO_2$.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1447-1455
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze physicochmical characteristics of oil within planting base of Incheon coastal reclamation cities where 10 years have passed since reclamation, and to provide basic data to promote growth and development of plants by conducting evaluation based on the planting degree standard. Study targets were Cheongra, Sondo, and Yeongjong districts within Incheon Free Economic Zone, the coastal reclamation city. The analysis results of average soil characteristics of 3 districts. Soil acidity(pH) was shown in orders of Cheongra district(8.85) > Songdo district(8.70) > Yeongjong district(7.97) and electric conductivity(EC) was shown in orders of Cheongra district(4.80 dS/m) > Songdo district(1.30dS/m) > and Yeongjong district(0.07 dS/m). Organic matter content(OMC) was shown in orders of Cheongra district(5.72%) > Songdo district(2.60%) > Yeongjong district(0.59%) and available phosphate was shown in orders of Cheongra district(70.70 mg/kg) > Songdo district(23.07 mg/kg) > Yeongjong district(2.49 mg/kg). $K^+$ was shown in orders of Songdo district(0.84 cmol/kg) > Cheongra district(0.74 cmol/kg) > Yeongjong district(0.22 cmol/kg), $Ca^{++}$ was shown in orders of Cheongra district(22.08 cmol/kg) > Songdo district(9.87 cmol/kg) > Yeongjong district(4.04 cmol/kg), and $Mg^{++}$ was shown in orders of Cheongra district(1.98 cmol/kg) > Songdo district(1.22 cmol/kg) > Yeongjong district(1.12 cmol/kg). Planting base level of coastal reclaimed land can be applied with above intermediate level, soil acidity and available phosphate were all more than intermediate in 3 districts, and electric conductivity was low level in Cheongra district and more than intermediate level in Songdo and Yeongjong districts. Organic matters content was more than intermediate level in Cheongra district and low level in Songdo and Yeongjong district. $K^+$ among exchangeable ions was intermediate level in Cheongra and Songdo districut and low in Yeongjong district. $Ca^{++}$ and $Mg^{++}$ both were more than imtermidiate levels in 3 districts.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to identify the life form characteristics, naturalized degree and introduction period of naturalized plants on upland fields in South Korea. The survey sites were selected in 222 upland fields over 9 provinces where are relatively dry soil conditions and are disturbed continuously by farming practices. It seemed that these uplands maintain good condition for the invasion and settlement of alien plants. Field surveys were carried out twice from May to June and from August to September in 2013. The vascular plants of the upland fields were listed into 539 taxa which contain 103 families, 320 genera, 448 species, 2 subspecies, 74 varieties and 15 forms. Ninety nine taxa were naturalized plants composed of 23 families, 64 genera, 91 species and 8 varieties. The urbanization index and naturalized index is 30.65% and 18.37%, respectively. Among total 99 naturalized plants, Compositae (30 taxa) was the most dominant family, and followed by Gramineae (14 taxa). On the basis of dormancy form, 78 taxa were belong to Th (Therophyte). In radicoid form, $R_5$ plants (86 taxa) and $R_3$ plants (14 taxa) were dominantly distributed. In disseminule form, $D_4$ including 63 taxa and $D_2$ containing 26 taxa were dominant. On the basis of growth form, erect form (e) containing 26 taxa was dominant. In conclusion, life form spectrum was $Th-R_5-D_4-e$ type. According to life form analysis, naturalized degree and introduction period, alien plants with unique characteristics may have high ability to settle and spread nationwide after inflow into South Korea. It needs further to observe some plant species with or without ecological features such as widely disseminated seeds by wind or water, high seed productivity, long life-span seeds, high germination rate of seeds, or non-dormant germinable seed.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.371-376
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• 2018

Consumption of wild edible greens (WEG) has risen in Korea recently, and processing of WEG at greenhouses is increasing. In this study, we investigated chamchwi (Aster scaber Thunb), a major WEG, to assess the effect of growth conditions on nutritional quality and blanching process. Field-grown chamchwi had 1.5-2-fold more total phenolic compounds and anti-oxidative capacity than the house-grown one. Among functional compounds, quercetin was significantly higher (about 5-fold) in the field samples (approximately $430{\mu}g/g$ fresh weight) than in the house samples. Soluble sugars in field-grown chamchwi were 2-fold higher than in the house samples. For both the samples, blanching process decreased chamchwi quality significantly, but the degree of loss for each component was different. Consequently, field-grown chamchwi exhibited superior nutritional quality than greenhouse-grown one, and blanching process resulted in a similar decrease of nutritional quality in both the samples.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.366-378
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the periodic characteristics of creative Buddhist hymns in our country, and confirm the role of Buddhist hymns in popularizing Buddhism and the activities and meanings of pioneers who contributed to such Buddhist hymns. The further purpose of this study is to confirm the utility of Buddhist hymns. In the present, the problems of Buddhist hymns can be pointed out as follows. First, some Buddhist hymns which were created about 50 years ago are used, so that new Buddhist hymns can not be established. Second, their degree of completion as music are not sufficient. Third, it is insufficient to study the miswriting of transmitted Buddhist hymns. Fourth, there is no systematical management of Buddhist hymns. The countermeasures for these problems can be presented as follows. First, it is necessary to expand the utilization of Buddhist hymns in Buddhist ceremonies. Second, new creative Buddhist hymns are required. Third, the religious body should reinforce its support for promoting interests in Buddhist hymns. Fourth, it is necessary to activate temple concerts in order to strengthen the popularization of Buddhist hymns. First of all, it is required to confirm the usefulness of creative Buddhist hymns for popularizing Buddhism and create and utilize new Buddhist hymns appropriate to contemporary senses.