• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2018

Artificial intelligence, which is based on deep learning, is emerging as a fundamental technology that will bring about future social changes. Artificial intelligence technology in IT is an essential intelligent system, and will overcome the performance limit of computing systems, and is expected to be the foundation for the development of computing environment destructively. The development of artificial intelligence technology in developed countries is a direction toward convergence with brain science. In this article, we will look at the prospect of artificial intelligence as the manifestation of imagination, as well as the technology and policy trends of artificial intelligence both at home and abroad, and discuss the direction of future technology development in terms of fusion with brain science.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.27 no.10
• /
• pp.1613-1617
• /
• 2006

Optimum analytical conditions for cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave (SW) stripping voltammetry were determined using mercury-mixed carbon nanotube paste electrode (PE). The results approached the microgram working ranges of SW: 10.0-80.0 $ugL^{-1}$ and CV: 100-700 $ugL^{-1}$ Cd (II); working conditions of 300-Hz frequency, 100 mV amplitude, 1.6 V accumulation potential, 400 sec accumulation time, and 40 mV increment potential. First, analysis was performed through direct assay of cadmium ions deep into the fishs brain core and plant tissue in real time with a preconcentration time of 400 sec. The relative standard deviation of 10.0 $mgL^{-1}$ Cd (II) observed was 0.064 (n = 12) at optimum conditions. The low detection limit (S/N) was set at 0.6 $ugL^{-1}$ ($5.33{\times}10^{-9}$ M). The methods can be used in direct analysis in vivo or in real-time monitoring of plant tissue.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.881-887
• /
• 2002

This treatise is written in order to solve the important contradiction between the two theories; in oriental medicine psychological function is responsible for heart, but in western one it is responsible for brain. So we take the methods of studying in the aspects of morphological characteristics(MC) and visceral manifestation theory(VMT, 藏象論) and others about two organs-heart and brain. Brain(頭腦) is preferred to understand as a structure which is manifesting mental activity of heart. So the brain can be named with external heart(外心) corresponding to the relation of kidney(外 and external kidney. Saying conversely, the nutritional foundation of the mental function is the blood of heart, but the enlightening and insightful features of mentality make it's own residence move to the organ in the uppermost and positive site, that is head. And the close relationships on mental functions between heart and brain were discussed in various aspects, like investigation on east and west etymological literature, or Jiu gong and Taoist theory as well as Me and VMT, These understandings can make us know about the pathology of brain by itself. It has deep relations with heart fire and heart blood and kidney essence, and gastrointestinal function and liver with lung additionally. In another point, it makes the highly complicated psychological functions to be explained free from body relatively, and so can do a role in the complement of the strict 5 viscera theory.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.250-253
• /
• 2016

Acute Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an endemic viral infectious disease in various parts of Far East and Southeast Asian countries including Korea. Bilateral thalami are the most common involving sites in JE. Other areas including the basal ganglia, substantia nigra, red nucleus, pons, cerebral cortex and cerebellum may be also involved. We report an extremely unusual brain diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) findings in a 53-year-old man with serologically proven JE involving unilateral deep gray matter and temporal lobe, which shows multifocal high signal intensities in left thalamus, left substantia nigra, left caudate nucleus and left medial temporal cortex on T2-weighted image and DWI with iso-intensity on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map.

• Journal of TMJ Balancing Medicine
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 2023

This case is intended to present the effectiveness of TMJ balance therapy, which normalizes the yin-yang balance of the cranial nervous system, including the meridian system. Temporomandibular joint balance therapy was performed on growing children with occlusal abnormalities, and clinical results were measured through specific observation of height and weight. The patient showed improvement in deep bite and satisfactory increase in growth after treatment. From these observations, it can be inferred that temporomandibular joint balance therapy has a positive effect not only on the brain nervous system but also on the action of pituitary hormones. For a more accurate evaluation, clinical and biological research on temporomandibular joint balance therapy (TBT) is needed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.123-131
• /
• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of these case is to observe the effect of prescription of liver supplementation on essential tremor patient who was operated DBS. Methods : The patient was treated by prescription of liver supplementation. The improvement of patient was judged by tremor scale and VAS(visual analog scale). Results : After treatment patient's tremor scale grade and VAS score were generally decreased. Conclusions : The prescription of liver supplementation might be an effective method to treat the essential tremor patient who was operated DBS.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.29 no.9
• /
• pp.1035-1040
• /
• 2012

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been found to be effective treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aims to evaluate the effect of DBS for rigidity during DBS surgery. Six Parkinsonian patients who received STN-DBS surgery participated in this study. The examiner imposed flexion and extension of a patient's wrist randomly. Resistance to passive movement was quantified by viscoelastic properties (two damping constants for each of flexion and extension phase and one spring constant throughout both phases). All Viscoelastic constants decreased by DBS (p<0.01). Specifically, reduction in damping constant during flexion ($B_f$) was greater than those of damping constant during extension ($B_e$) and of spring constant (p<0.05). $B_f$ would be appropriate for evaluation of effect of DBS for rigidity during DBS surgery.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.194-200
• /
• 2018

Objectives : The significance of leukoaraiosis on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is uncertain, but it is often seen with vascular risk factors or in the context of cognitive impairment. We aimed to investigate the effect of leukoaraiosis on the severity and course of delirium. Methods : Periventricular hyperintensity and deep white matter hyperintensity on brain MRI were rated in 42 patients with delirium by semiquantative visual rating scale. Correlations between their grades and the scores of Korean version of Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98 (K-DRS-R-98) were analyzed, and the interaction effects between the groups according to the levels of leukoaraiosis and two evaluation points were also analyzed. Results : The grade of deep white matter hyperintensity in the occipital lobe was positively correlated with the scores on the total, severity items, cognitive items, and non-cognitive items of K-DRS-R-98. The cognitive items scores of K-DRS-R-98 in the low grade group of periventricular hyperintensity showed significantly steeper decrease than the high grade group. Conclusions : A difference in severity or recovery speed of delirium according to the level of leukoaraiosis may result from disruption in brain functional connectivity. Our results have a clinical implication in that the severity and course of delirium can be possibly predicted using the level of leukoaraiosis.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 2005

Objectives : In brain disorders such as ischemic stroke, the final outcome depends largely on the duration and the degree of the ischemia as well as the susceptibility of various cell types in the affected brain region. In the present study, the effects of Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis Extract(NNRe) were tested for the anti-oxidative action of rCBF. Methods : Regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) were determined by LDF methods. LDF allows for real time, noninvasive, continuous recordings of local CBF. The LDF method has been widely used to trace hemodynamic changes in the superficial or the deep brain structures in experimental stroke research. Results : NNRe treatment showed no change on rCBF in methylene blue, ODQ and L-NNA pretreated rats. 120 minutes of MCAO and followed reperfusion, 0.1% concentration of NNR treatment improved the altered cerebral hemodynamics of cerebral ischemic by increasing rCBF. Conclusions : The ischemia/reperfusion induced oxidative stress may have contributed to cerebral damage in rats, and the present study provides clear evidences for the beneficial effect of NNR on ischemia/reperfusion induced brain injury.

• Smart Media Journal
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.30-37
• /
• 2016

In recent decades, the study of human brain function has dramatically increased thanks to the advent of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. This is a powerful tool which provides a deep view of the activities of the brain. From fMRI data, the neuroscientists analyze which parts of the brain have responsibility for a particular action and finding the common pattern representing each state involved in these tasks. This is one of the most challenges in neuroscience area because of noisy, sparsity of data as well as the differences of anatomical brain structure of each person. In this paper, we propose the use of appropriate discriminant methods, such as Fisher Discriminant Ratio and hypothesis testing, together with strong boosting ability of Adaboost classifier. We prove that discriminant methods are effective in classifying cognitive states. The experiment results show significant better accuracy than previous works. We also show that it is possible to train a successful classifier without prior anatomical knowledge and use only a small number of features.