• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2012

Pyrolysis/gasification technology utilizes an energy conversion technique from various waste resources, such as biomass, solid waste, sewage sludge, and etc. to generating a syngas (synthesis gas). However, one of the major problems for the pyrolysis gasification is the presence of tar in the product gas. The tar produced might cause damages and operating problems on the facility. In this study, a gliding arc plasma reformer was developed to solve the previously acknowledged issues. An experiment was conducted using surrogate benzene and naphthalene, which are generated during the pyrolysis and/or gasification, as the representative tar substance. To identify the characteristics of the influential parameters of tar decomposition, tests were performed on the steam feed amount (steam/carbon ratio), input discharge power (specific energy input, SEI), total feed gas amount and the input tar concentration. In benzene, the optimal operating conditions of the gliding arc plasma 2 in steam to carbon (S/C) ratio, 0.98 $kWh/m^3$ in SEI, 14 L/min in total gas feed rate and 3.6% in benzene concentration. In naphthalene, 2.5 in S/C ratio, 1 $kWh/m^3$ in SEI, 18.4 L/min in total gas feed rate and 1% in naphthalene concentration. The benzene decomposition efficiency was 95%, and the energy efficiency was 120 g/kWh. The naphthalene decomposition efficiency was 79%, and the energy yield was 68 g/kWh.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.99-107
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• 1993

A vector space K with scalar product <.,.> is called a Krein space if it can be decomposed as a northogonal sum of a Hilbert space and an anti-space of a Hilbert space. The space K induces a Hilbert space $K_{J}$ in the inner product <.,.> $K_{J}$=<.,.>K, where $J^{2}$=I. the eigenspaces of J are denoted by $K^{+}$$_{J}$, which is a Hilbert space and $K^{-}$$_{J}$, which is an anti-space of a Hilbert space. Then the Krein space K is the orthogonal sum of $K^{+}$$_{J}$ and $K^{-}$$_{J}$. Such a decomposition of K is called a fundamental decomposition. In general, fundamental decompositions are not unique. The norm of the Hilbert space depends on the choice of a fundamental decomposion, but such norms are equivalent. The topology generated by these norms is called the strong or Mackey topology of K. It is used to define all topological notions on the Krein space K with respect to this topology. The Pontryagin index of a Krein space is the dimension of the antispace of a Hilbert space in any such decomposition. the dimension does not depend on the choice of orthogonal decomposition. A Krein space is called a Pontryagin space if it has finite Pontryagin index.dex.yagin index.dex.

• 약학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.229-234
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• 1983

In the manufacture of precipitated sulfur calcium pentasulfide ($CaS_{5}$, train product) and calcium thiosulfate ($CaS_{2}O_{3}$, by-product) are decomposed simultaneously by hydrochloricacid into coarse (not being uniform) particle-size products. To improve this drawback, calcium thiosulfate was prepared directly without making calcium pentasulfide and obtained $S_{6}$ by the acid-decomposition. In the conversion of hexatomic sulfur to octatomic sulfur, the polymerization and the depolymerization were observed by using purification method. The conversion of $S_{6}$ to $S_{8}$ is proceeded by two steps. The first step reaction is affected by impurities (especially $SO_{2}$ and $H_{2}S$), Hexatomic sulfur is inert to triethylamine for the time being by purification, and thereafter a slow conversion to polymeric and then to octatomic sulfur occurs. Instead of calcium pentasulfide, the acid decomposition of calcium thiosulfate has several advantages; uniformity of particle-size of product, increase of yield, and simplicity of procedure.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2392-2401
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• 2018

Creepage discharge faults in air on solid insulating material play a vital role in degradation and ageing of material which ultimately leads to breakdown of power equipment. And electric discharge decompose air in to its by-products such as Ozone and $NO_x$ gases. By analyzing air decomposition gases is a potential method for fault diagnostic in air. In this paper, experimental research has been conducted to study the effect of creepage discharge on rate of generation of air decomposition by-products using different insulating materials such as RTV, epoxy and fiberglass laminated sheet. Moreover XRF analysis has been done to analyze creepage discharge effect on these insulating materials. All experiments have been done in an open air test cell under constant temperature and pressure conditions. While analysis has been made for low and high humidity conditions. The results show that the overall concentration of air decomposition by-products under creepage discharge in low humidity is 4% higher than concentration measured in high humidity. Based on this study a mathematical relationship is also proposed for the rate of generation of air decomposition by-products under creepage discharge fault. This study leads to indirect way for diagnostic of creepage discharge propagation in air.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.40-44
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• 1985

The stability of ftorafur in artificial gastric juice and its major decomposition product were studied quantitatively by the combination of TLC technique and UV-recording spectrophotometry. The decomposition proceeded in first-order reaction. The decomposition rate was accelerated by the increase of temperature. The major decomposition products were identified as 5-fluorouracil. The apparent activation energy for the decomposition was found to he approximately 24.3kcal/mole from Arrhenius plot.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2002

Recently, Several inequalities Khatri-Rao Products of two four partitioned blocks positive definite real symmetry matrices are established by Liu in[Lin. Alg. Appl. 289(1999): 267-277]. We extend these results in two ways. First, the results are extended to two any partitioned blocks Hermitian matrices. Second, necessary and sufficient conditions under which these inequalities become equalities are presented.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.268-275
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• 2003

The mechanism of the hydrogen gas pore formation was investigated in Lost Foam Casting of Al-alloy by reduced pressure test and real casting. The hydrogen gas pick-up was affected by the formed gas during the decomposition of polystyrene in addition to the liquid product. It depended on pouring temperature and a proper temperature of metal front gave the minimum hydrogen pick-up. At a low pouring temperature, the hydrogen went into the melt mainly from entrapped liquid product of polystyrene but pores were formed from the gas as well as the liquid product at a high pouring temperature. The mold flask evacuation down to 710torr decreased the gas porosity down by around 0.4% vol%. The entrapped decomposition product of polystyrene in the melt was observed through the visualization of filling behavior of Al alloy-melt with the high speed camera.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1205-1211
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• 2020

In this study, the applicability of reduction-oxidation-linked treatment was evaluated for nitrobenzene and a by-product by analyzing the reaction kinetics. Nitrobenzene showed very low reactivity to persulfate that was activated using various methods. Nitrobenzene effectively reacted through the reduction process using Zero-Valent Iron (ZVI). However, aniline, a toxic substance, was produced as a by-product. Reduction-oxidation-linked treatment is a method that can allow the oxidative degradation of aniline after reducing nitrobenzene to aniline. The experimental results show improved reactivity and complete decomposition of the by-product. Improved reactivity and decomposition of the by-product were observed even under conditions in which the reduction-oxidation reaction was induced simultaneously. No activator was injected for persulfate activation in the process of reducing oxidant linkage, and the activation reaction was induced by ferrous iron eluted from the ZVI. This indicates that this method can be implemented relatively simply.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 국내 홍천산 모나자이트 정광의 가성소다 분해 및 분해산물의 염산 침출에 대한 처리조건을 확립하고자 하였다. 분해 반응의 조건은 입자크기의 -200 mesh 이하이면 적절하였고, 반응온도 $460^{\circ}C$부근에서 원활한 분해가 이루어 졌으며, 가성소다 첨가량은 NaOH/TREO mole ratio 6정도가 효과적이다. 또한 침출반응의 조건은 염산농도 8N 및 반응온도 $80^{\circ}C$이상이 침출에 적절하였으며, 반응시간 2시간 및 광액 농도 10%가 효과적이다. 그리고 최적조건하에서 모나자이트의 분해 침출율은 90%이상이였고, 부산물 형태로 인산소다 화합물은 효과적으로 회수하였으며, 희토류 원소별 분리에 적합한 시료용액을 조제하였다.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.245-254
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• 2007

This research proposed feature extraction algorithms as an input of STEP Ap214 data, and feature parameterization process to simplify further design change and maintenance. The procedure starts with suppression of blend faces of an input solid model to generate its simplified model, where both constant and variable-radius blends are considered. Most existing cell decomposition algorithms utilize concave edges, and they usually require complex procedures and computing time in recomposing the cells. The proposed algorithm using reference features, however, was found to be more efficient through testing with a few sample cases. In addition, the algorithm is able to recognize depression features, which is another strong point compared to the existing cell decomposition approaches. The proposed algorithm was implemented on a commercial CAD system and tested with selected industrial product models, along with parameterization of recognized features for further design change.