• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.237-260
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• 2014

This research aims to find out what pre-service teachers are seriously concerned about and what they contemplated during the process of discovering the meanings of teaching, and to reveal the meanings compiled by the pre-service teachers. Furthermore, this research intends to identify the elements considered to help the pre-service teachers continue to construct the meanings of teaching in the education for pre-service daycare teachers by reviewing the process of contemplation. To do so, this study selected a target group of 29 seniors of M University who took the class of 'Teaching Method for Young children' given in the first semester of 2012 and 'Child Care and teaching Practice' given in the second semester of 2012. Research data collection was done based on the paper materials on participant observation, interview, student journals and professor feedbacks and small group discussion. According to the research, the pre-service teachers created the meanings of teaching as they experience confusion between one extreme to another of power and looking easy, having children focused and being focused, just giving and leaving and discrimination and equality. They considered teaching as a process of continuous reconstruction by choosing the best place between the opposites within the context of teaching and understood that teaching is to respect the right of learning for children and at the same time to make efforts to develop inner-self. In addition, to support the pre-service daycare teachers in their efforts to find the nature of teaching in the education program, it is required to review the teaching process from a variety of aspects in the atmosphere where they are not afraid of confusion, and to provide time to meditate alone and share ideas with others.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2012

The OLS(ordinary least squares) method is widely used in hedonic housing models. One of the assumptions of the OLS is an independent and uniform distribution of the disturbance term. This assumption can be violated when the spatial autocorrelation exists, which in turn leads to undesirable estimate results. An alterative to this, spatial econometric models have been introduced in housing price studies. This paper describes the comparisons between OLS and spatial econometric models using housing transaction prices of Busan, Korea. Owing to the approaches reflecting spatial autocorrelation, the spatial econometric models showed some superiority to the traditional OLS in terms of log likelihood and sigma square(${\sigma}^2$). Among the spatial models, the SAR(Spatial Autoregressive Models) seemed more appropriate than the SAC(General Spatial Models) and the SEM(Spatial Errors Models) for Busan housing markets. We can make sure the spatial effects on housing prices, and the reconstruction plans have strong impacts on the transaction prices. Selecting a suitable spatial model will play an important role in the housing policy of the government.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 1981

The technology of precision attachments has developed at such a pace that from a very few T-shaped attachments and bar attachments from the years 1915 to 1935 since removable bridge utilizing a T-shaped intracoronal attachment was constructed by Dr. Herman E.S. Chayes in 1906. There are now more than 120 models of the most diversified designs, ready made or laboratory fashioned. In 1971, 126 attachments were listed and classified by Mensor in his E M Attachment Selector. This selector consists of five charts giving specifications as to type, vertical dimensions, application, type of resilience, size of movement, type of retention and type of material and alloy. Thus the E M Attachment Selector is a useful guide for dentists to choose the attachment for his patients. But dentists should apply the attachment in each patient's case according to an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan. This paper is a case report of removable partial dentures utilizing CSP, PD and Bar attachment on a patient who needed full mouth reconstruction. Patient has right first, second molar and left first molar on the upper arch and also left first molar, first premolar and right canine on the lower arch. (Fig. 5)All remaining teeth are relatively healthy in their supporting tissues. On upper arch, ring shape CSP attachment was designed on left first molar and modified ring shape CSP attachment was designed on right first and second molar as the direct retainer of the removable partial denture. Full palatal coverage was used as the major connector in this case. (Fig. 23) On lower arch, author first splinted with a fixed bridge between left first molar and second premolar and a splint bar between left second premolar and right canine. (Fig. 11) A lower removable partial denture in which was designed with an Aker clasp on the left first molar and a PD attachment on .the right canine was constructed. (Fig. 17) This denture could get additional support from anterior splint bar. After both removable partial dentures were delivered to the patient (Fig. 26), author evaluated function of the dentures and supporting structures of the abutment teeth by means of clinical and X-ray examinations for eighteen months. According to the examination data author came to the conclusion that the prognosis of this case was excellent.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.343-350
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• 2020

In this paper, we present the results of research on the reconstruction of ancient routes of ancient civilization exchange that were once present in the North Jeolla region, which was undertaken by adopting a convergent approach to develop 'Silkroadpia', which is an online platform for the curation and sharing of archaeological and historical spatial data, and 'MEPTA(Multiple Evidence Based Path and Territory Finding Algorithm)'. The results of the research make it possible to reconsider the region's historical identity and its important role in facilitating cultural exchange on the Korean Peninsula and in East Asia. The results can also be used to provide the theoretical basis for the government's land planning policies and for the production of cultural contents that can be used for local regeneration. The ancient route associated with the Baekje Restoration Movement, that took place after the fall of Sabi in 660 CE, was the case study examined in this paper, which discusses the academic value of reconstructing the ancient route, as well as its future use in providing cultural contents.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2003

A 31m-long sediment core (SSDP-102) was taken from the inner shelf (about 40m water-depth) off the northwestern coast of the Korea Strait. Detailed lithofacies and organic-geochemical analyses were performed to establish a high-resolution stratigraphy in the Korea Strait shelf and to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental changes associated with the Holocene marine transgression. The stratigraphic framework of the core was primarily established using 6 AMS $^{14}C$ ages. The sedimentary record of the core SSDP-102 allows for the reconstruction of the paleoenvironmental changes during the last 12.1 ka BP. According to the high-resolution seismic reflection profiles, lithofacies and organic-geochemical data, the core SSDP-102 can be divided into three units (III to I in ascending order) above the acoustic basement. The three units reflect distinct changes of depositional environments resulted from the post-glacial marine transgression. Therefore, it is suggested that three phases of sea-level change have occurred within the inner shelf of the Korea Strait following the Holocene marine transgression. (1) estuarine environments from ca. 12.1 to 6.2 ka BP; (2) near-shore environments with a period of decreased rising of sea level between 6.2 and 5.1 ka BP; (3) near-shore to modem marine environments after 5.1 ka BP. In particular, the present marine conditions influenced by the warm Tsushima Current have been gradually established after ca. 5.1 ka BP.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.117-126
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• 2009

Total number of recorded earthquakes in Korea is more than 2,000 of which 48 were catastrophic. The impacts from infrastructure damage due to an earthquake to production facilities and lifelines may spread across boundaries of several regions via import-export relationships and can bring serious economic impact to other regions. The economic impacts from unscheduled events stem not only from the damage and direct losses, but also from the indirect losses during the recovery and reconstruction periods. To recover and reconstruct the facilities and lifelines damaged by unexpected events through investment or government financial aid, both the direct and the indirect economic impacts from an event need to be measured in regional and interregional contexts. Direct economic impact is the direct change of production and demand due to the disruption of production facilities and lifelines from an unexpected event, and indirect economic impact is the change in other sectors due to inter-industry relationships. The purpose of the paper is to analyze various economic impacts of an earthquake, especially impacts on transportation networks in Korea. We collected spatial and economic data from Korea, and analyzed and estimated final demand loss and commodity flows from the unscheduled event.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.421-426
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• 2011

Purpose: Although the sural nerve is the most commonly used donor for autologous nerve graft, its morbidity after harvesting is sparsely investigated. The sural nerve being a sensory nerve, complications such as sensory changes in its area and neuroma can be expected. This study was designed to evaluate the donor site morbidity after sural nerve harvesting. Methods: Among the 13 cases, who underwent sural nerve harvesting between January 2004 and August 2009, 11 patients with proper follow up were included in the study. The collected data included harvested graft length, actual length of the grafted nerve, anesthetic and paresthetic area, presence of Tinel sign and symptomatic neuroma, and scar quality. Results: In 7 patients, no anesthetic area could be detected. Of the patients with a follow up period of more than 2 years, all the patients showed no anesthetic area except two cases who had a very small area of sensory deficit ($225mm^2$) on the lateral heel area, and large deficit ($4,500mm^2$) on the lateral foot aspect. The patients with a short follow up period (1~2 m) demonstrated a large anesthetic skin area ($6.760mm^2$, $12,500mm^2$). Only one patient had a Tinel sign. This patient also showed a subcutaneous neuroma, which was visible, but did not complain of discomfort during daily activities. One patient had a hypertrophic scar in the retromalleolar area, whereas the two other scars on the calf were invisible. Conclusion: After a period of 2 years the size of anesthetic skin in the lateral retromalleolar area is nearly zero. It is hypothesized that the size of sensory skin deficit may be large immediately after the operation. This area decreases over time so that after 2 years the patient does not feel any discomfort from nerve harvesting.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 2000

Purpose : To evaluate of the surgical outcome of primary repair in anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Material & Method : Twenty-five patients underwent arthroscopic primary repair of ACL. We performed pull-out suture of ruptured ligament in 18 cases, and suture and augumentation with gracillis & semitendinosus in 7 cases. At follow up, the International Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC) scale & Lysholm score were used to grade outcome, and also the KT-2000 arthrometer was used to evaluate objective ligament laxity. Results : In analysis of IKDC scale, final evaluation group were group A in 3 cases, group B in 13 cases, group C in 9 cases. The mean value of Lysholm score was 83 points. In KT-2000 arthrometer examination, mean anterior translation was 3.9mm at 201b, 7.3mm at 30lb. The mean difference value between injured knee and uninjured knee was 1.1mm at 201b, 2.29mm at 301b. There was statistical significance in mean difference value between injured and uninjured knee. Conclusion : By analysis of clinical & objective data, we could confirm that the mid-term result of ACL suture is not satisfactory. So, we recommend that ACL reconstruction would be done in young active patient rather than suture.

• Journal of the Geological Society of Korea
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.631-640
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• 2018

To understand the formation and evolution of a sedimentary basin in basin analysis and modelling studies, it is important to analyze the thickness and age range of sedimentary layers infilling a basin. Because the compaction effect reduces the thickness of sedimentary layers during burial, basin modelling studies typically restore the reduced thickness using the relation of porosity and depth (compaction trend). Based on the compilation plots of published compaction trends of representative sedimentary rocks (sandstone, shale and carbonate), this study estimates the compaction trend ranges with exponential curves and equations. Numerical analysis of sedimentary compaction is performed to evaluate the variation of porosity and layer thickness with depth at key curves within the compaction trend ranges. In sandstone, initial porosity lies in a narrow range and decreases steadily with increasing depth, which results in relatively constant thickness variations. For shale, the porosity variation shows two phases which are fast reduction until ~2,000 m in depth and slow reduction at deeper burial, which corresponds to the thickness variation pattern of shale layers. Carbonate compaction is characterized by widely distributed porosity values, which results in highly varying layer thickness with depth. This numerical compaction analysis presents quantitatively the characteristics of porosity and layer thickness variation of each lithology, which influence on layer thickness reconstruction, subsidence and thermal effect analyses to understand the basin formation and evolution. This work demonstrates that the compaction trend is an important factor in basin modelling and underlines the need for appropriate application of porosity data to produce accurate analysis outcomes.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.98-112
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• 2018

In order to find out policy and practical implications to support recovering drug addicts in a holistic way, This study conducted in-depth interviews with five research participants using Giorgi's phenomenological study method to understand the meaning of spiritual experience of recovering drug addicts. According to data analysis, these spirituality experiences appeared as two thematic themes: 'experience of relationship with a divine being' and 'experience of inherent transcendence'. Three sub-themes of 'fear and scary existence', 'hanging object' and 'embracing existence' were derived from the essence theme of 'experience of relationship with a divine being' and 'immanent transcendental experience' was conceptualized into four sub-themes: 'facing existence', 'psychological reconstruction', 'mental maturity', and 'a way to go alone'. Based on this, spiritual experiences of recovery drug addicts showed that religion itself exerted a considerable influence on their spiritual experience and their spiritual experience was closely related to the recovery of humanity. Also, 'intrinsic transcendental experience' suggested that two essential themes of spiritual experience were closely interrelated in a mutual cyclical relationship. Based on the results, We discusses the major intervention plan for the recovery drug addicts that the social welfare system can consider.