• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.57-80
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between an infant teachers' efficacy and job stress by demographic variables to provide the data for improving job conditions and teacher education. For this study, teachers who work in the childcare center located in Gyeongsangbukdo participated in a survey. The questionnaire was distributed from March 11. 2013 to March 29. 2013. The results were as follows; first, an infant class childcare teachers' efficacy was above average and general efficacy was higher than personal efficacy. There were significant differences in personal variable(age, marital status) and working condition(the type of facility, average working hours, average wage, the number of children). Second, an infant class childcare teachers' job stress was above average and that depended on the economy, the infant's parents, work, infant, individual, administration, and co-workers in decreasing order of influence. The job stress was significant differences in personal variable(age, martial status, experience, number of completed training) and working variable(the type of facility, average working hours, the number of children, average wage). These results indicate that improvement in the infant class childcare teachers' efficacy is more important than anything else in promoting their job conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.261-273
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the trajectories of multi-dimensional poverty in the process of transitioning from middle age to old age, and to identify the factors that influence them. Using the Korea Welfare Panel Data(2006 ~ 2018), we examined the trajectory of changes in multi-dimensional poverty for 13 years by prospective elderly and middle aged group aged 55 or older in 2006 through the potential growth model. Multidimensional poverty is divided into seven dimensions in four areas: economy (income, employment), environment (residential), health, social culture (leisure, family relations, and social relations). The results showed that the level of multi-dimensional poverty decreased with time, and the overall poverty level was higher than that of the pre-old and the average. As a result of analyzing the condition model with the independent variable, the variables affecting poverty change were found in the order of spouse free and educational level for the elderly and gender and education level for the elderly. In other words, multi-dimensional poverty is gradually improving, but the rate of change and the variables that affect each age group are different.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.201-210
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• 2004

This study is to analyze the present situation of Incheon design and to research Incheon industrial design with the special character of the city. Next, the final purpose is to apply this study for the Incheon International Design Competition event that will be held first time sponsored by Incheon Metropolitan. Incheon is Metropolitan which has 2.6 million people and the entrance of seoul Metropolitan which is the center of export industry and one of the greatest industrial city. It is growing the hub of International trade city of the twenty-first centry due to the opening of Incheon International Airport and the new development of Song-do city. The industrial structure of Incheon is mostly consist of small industry centered which has a lack of design development capacity, and it has a little insufficient design-related institutes which can educate the design personnel. It has only two universities and six junior colleges. Especially, design-related academics and exhibitions are rare nearby Seoul area. I will contribute the study which makes the industrial character and the necessity of design that can be possible through the Incheon International Design Exhibition, and it will promote the backward design industry and economy of Incheon that compared to other regions of Korea. And, I am going to utilize as basic data bases for exercising advanced Incheon Industrial Design Competition. Furthermore, I would like to contribute the image improvement of new International Incheon Metropolitan through the training of excellent design experts and finding design-related personnels which can be accomplished the cooperation among local autonomy, industries and schools.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.109-115
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• 2020

With the continuous development of automobile design industry, fastback design style has become the main popular trend of automobile appearance design, and it has an important impact on the future automobile appearance design. This study summarizes the basic rules and characteristics of the design style base don combing, analyzing and verifying the data of the fastback design style. It provides the necessary basic research for the better application of the fastback design style in the future automobile design. Firstly, through the literature research method to sort out and analyze the de finition, origin and history of fastback design style. Secondly, through the comparative study, the author compares and analyzes the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of the fastback design style and the step back design style. Thirdly, through case analysis, it studies the classification and characteristics of fastback design style. Finally, this paper summarizes the influence of the fastback design style on the future automobile appearance design, and the specific design methods. Forecasts the development trend of fastback design style in the field of automobile exterior design in the future. Through this research, we sorted out the related historical development of fastback design and the characteristics and advantages of fastback design style (from the perspective of functionality, economy and aesthetics).The fastback design style has formed a more systematic research theory, which provides basic research materials for future fastback design research. In the next stage, this study will be further subdivided, focusing on the different design features of different automobile manufacturers which subdivide the fastback design style into different design features according to their own needs.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.108-116
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• 2015

This study intends to research the spatial characteristics of Asian interim housing that accommodates sufferers pro tempore after disasters. The scope of this research covers the interim spaces used for housing people after natural disasters that occurred in Asia for the past fifteen years. Within this scope, literature review was conducted as the basis to derive the characteristics and environmental elements of interim housing, which provided the criteria to compare and evaluate cases of interim housing along with characteristic elements required of interim housing found in previous studies. According to literature review, interim housing can be classified by life-span, region, economy, climate, type, number of household, square measure, residential cost, structure/material, and service life. Within the scope of the present research, literature review showed a total of twenty-eight cases of interim housing in fifteen countries revealing a high rate of disaster occurrence in the subtropic and tropic climate of Southeast Asia. A great percentage of interim housing was used for long-term stay of over a year. The structure of interim housing varied from lightweight steel, wooden, masonry, membrane, to traditional structure and the type were divided into temporary shelter, transitional housing, temporary housing, and permanent housing. Followed by literature review, the characteristics required of post-disaster interim housing were analyzed based on previous research and case studies. The characteristics of interim housing can be divided into environmental, technological, and socio-cultural ones. Sub-characterical items according to such division include amenity, health, surroundings, structure, convenience, eco-friendliness, safety, communication, and locality. As a result of evaluation, most items met the required characteristics of interim housing, while technological characteristics such as structure and convenience varied with the types of interim housing and appeared even unnecessary in some cases. According to analysis, amenity is maintained through the structural and material characteristics of interim housing and is also facilitated by increasing number of infrastructure such as educational, sanitary, and convenience facilities provided by the governmental and organizational bodies. It is expected that this study will be utilized as preliminary data for follow-up studies that improve the environment of post-disaster interim housing suitable for domestic circumstances in environmental, technological, and socio-cultural respects.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.59-73
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• 2001

This thesis aims to explore the effects of ecotourism in New Zealand as a foreign area study and investigate spatial implications of ecotourism in geographical context. In addition, this research pursuit to provide effective regional policies for ecotourism in Korea. To achieve the objectives this research carried out literature review before taking field survey in New Zealand. The survey was undertaken for three times in New Zealand. Using the materials such as data collection and interviews, the effects of the ecotourism were investigated. The effects of the ecotourism in New Zealand not only have presented environmental conservation and educational feedbacks to the ecotourists, but also contributed to development of regional economy. In addition, the collaboration of the governmental policies has supported the ecotour environments and active involvement of residents that resulted the effects of the ecotourism in New Zealand. Therefore, the ecotour industry has been able to foster stable economic development in long-term and provide educational opportunities for ecotourists to recap environmental importance. These benefits that the ecotour resources provide have contributed to accomplish the main purposes of the tour industry in New Zealand where natural environment has been identified as the mostly highest priority to be preserved for their tour industry. These effects have led aggressive activities of the ecotour development of central and local governments and local residents The ecotourism in Korea has not still achieved the real benefits which meet environmental conservation, regional economic advantages and educational effects. To obtain the effects, therefore, it needs close collaboration with governmental activities and close involvement of local residents. For this, the case studies of New Zealand present a good examples of how to success the ecotour as a set of tour industrial resource.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.624-641
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• 2004

Since 1995, when local autonomy policies were enacted in Korea, many local governments have adopted festival-centered place-marketing strategies, in order to develop their regional economies by attracting tourists, as well to provide the general public with information about local comparative advantages. This study assesses the spread effect of the Cheongdo Bull-Fighting Festival upon the regional tourism industry, by analysing questionnaire data obtained from festival visitors and merchants at other major tourist attractions in the area. It is concluded that the Cheongdo Bull-Fighting Festival has been insufficient in attaining the objective of developing the regional economy and the tourism industry, because at present, most of the festival spectators are not tourists as such, but rather residents of the Cheongdo daily community (Daegu metropolitan area), and they do not visit other major tourist attractions in conjunction with attending the festival. It is recommended that planning authorities adopt a strategy explicitly designed to increase the "tourists to local residents" ratio, and to improve tourism services to facilitate intra-regional movement of tourists and visitors alike.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2017

Interior design especially the design developments for commercial spaces should ensure the economy of spaces. This is the marketing for space. It is necessary to understand the design elements of commercial space for the efficient using of digital media of space marketing. In this research decided to design application schemes for shopping mall by searching fashion shopping behaviors of users with persona-base scenario approach. Collected the information of users behavior base on case analysis of advance research to make personas. And develop scenario base personas for knowing the needs of users. And then made 4 schemes as the solution. Scheme 1. Customers can get the information and communication with the staff through with media screen in one room of shopping mall. The data of customers can be recorded for providing information or product recommendation personality. Forecast to preferred by group trip or customers that don't like walking around in shopping mall. Scheme 2. Install a media screen at entrance of a store in shopping mall and show special effect to raise customers' attention who walk through from the front of the store. Through with this customers will stay for long time and raise curiosity to get in the store. And the media screen also provide information of store and products. Scheme 3. Customers can get the information of products with using smart phone to scan QR cord in labels of products and record. Customers can finish whole shopping behaviors without the help of store staff. And can make buying decision even have left shopping mall as a online mode. Scheme 4. Store managers can record the products and the environment of store with 360 camera and update to website. Then customers can browse the virtual space with VR glasses. That make customers can have the real shopping experience without being in the store. In this study, have presented schemes of digital media in commercial space. But there are various of commercial space. In this study was presented schemes for shopping mall by searching fashion shopping behaviors of users. And look forward the researches about specific space setting and other type of commercial space for space development.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.627-635
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• 2013

This study examines the issue of causality between ocean industries and urban economic growth in the sea port city. To maximize economic advantage of Busan as a sea port city, we first need to analyze the effects of ocean industries on urban economic growth. This study focuses on the examination of the role of ocean industries and its related variations in economic growth at the urban level. Using data from Busan. Metropolitan City in Korea during 1985-2011, we find that the causality link between ocean industries and urban economic growth rates runs in both directions. Especially, industries of shipping/port, marine tourism, and shipbuilding were the most important variables in Busan economy. With this information, the empirical results show that ocean industries and its related variations have significant effects on urban economic growth. Based on these significant research findings, theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 2020

It is very important to forecast freight volume accurately to establish major port policies and future operation plans. Thus, related studies are being conducted because of this importance. In this paper, stepwise regression analysis and artificial neural network model were analyzed to compare the predictive power of each model on Gwangyang Port, the largest domestic port for coal and iron ore transportation. Data of a total of 121 months J anuary 2009-J anuary 2019 were used. Factors affecting coal and iron ore trade volume were selected and classified into supply-related factors and market/economy-related factors. In the stepwise regression analysis, the tonnage of ships entering the port, coal price, and dollar exchange rate were selected as the final variables in case of the Gwangyang Port coal volume forecasting model. In the iron ore volume forecasting model, the tonnage of ships entering the port and the price of iron ore were selected as the final variables. In the analysis using the artificial neural network model, trial-and-error method that various Hyper-parameters affecting the performance of the model were selected to identify the most optimal model used. The analysis results showed that the artificial neural network model had better predictive performance than the stepwise regression analysis. The model which showed the most excellent performance was the Gwangyang Port Coal Volume Forecasting Artificial Neural Network Model. In comparing forecasted values by various predictive models and actually measured values, the artificial neural network model showed closer values to the actual highest point and the lowest point than the stepwise regression analysis.