• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2005

영산강 하구(목포항)해역에서 해수층의 염분 변화가 1차 생산자와 상위 소비자와의 연계성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 2003년 10월부터 2004년 9월까지 매월 8개 조사정점에서 수문 개폐 여부에 따라 개방시와 비개방시로 나누어서 현장조사를 실시하였다. 영산강 하구둑으로부터 배출되어지는 담수 유입량은 강우가 집중되었던 (여름철인) 6월과 7월에 가장 많은 양의 담수가 항내로 유입되었다. 수문 개방시 표층 염분 분포는 $6\~28.9$ psu로 수문비 개방시의 $24.4\~30.3psu$ 보다 큰 차이를 보였으며, 광소멸 계수$(K_d)$ 또한 수문 개방시에 높아 탁도가 높음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 조사 기간 동안 대발생(bloom)은 하구언 수문을 개방하지 않은 2월, 5월, 7월에 내항에서 발생하였으며, 대형식물플랑크톤이 $70\%$이상의 점유율을 보이며 우점하였다. 중형과 소형식물플랑크톤이 하구언 수문 개방일인 2003년 10월, 11월, 2004년 6월, 8월, 9월에 전체 식물플랑크톤에 대하여 높은 기여율을 보여 수문 개폐에 따라 크기 구조가 변화되었다. 수문 개방시 소형과 중형동물플랑크톤은 수문을 개방하지 않았을 때 보다 낮은 생체량 분포를 보였으며, 공간적으로는 외항보다 내항에서 다소 높은 생체량 분포를 보였다. 동물플랑크톤의 분포는 전반적으로 식물플랑크톤의 생체량 분포와 비슷한 경향을 보였다 따라서 수문 개폐에 따른 염분, 영양염 유입, 탁도 혹은 광량등의 환경인자가 1차생산자의 생체량 및 크기 구조에 영향을 주고 상위소비자인 동물플랑크톤의 생체량 분포에도 영향을 미치어 결국 두 생물들간의 연계성 변화를 초래할 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.207-220
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• 2009

This study researched into literature materials in order to utilize basic data on job importance in dental coordinator, and analyzed questionnaire on job importance in dental coordinator for about 2 months from August and September in 2008 targeting dental hygienists and other manpower for dental hospitals & clinics where are located in D region and neighboring region. The following are the results: 1. Dental hospital & clinics where dental coordinators work were surveyed to be totally 66.9%. Dental coordinators were indicated to be 71.1% as for dental hospital$^{\circ}{\S}$clinic(women), and to be 28.4% as for a case with none. There was significant difference according to final academic degree and working place(P<.001). 2. License holders(women) for dental hygienist as dental coordinator accounted for 39.8%. The opposite case accounted for 60.2%. A case of doing duty of dental coordinator given not dental hygienist was indicated to be high. There was significant difference according to working place(p<.01). 3. The task importance on job that a dental coordinator directly performs was indicated to be averagely 3.24, thereby having been recognized to be important. 4. As for the recognition on job importance according to working-year number, it was indicated to have higher recognition on task importance in the more working-year number regarding customer management(p<.01), organization management(p<.05), and self-management(p<.01). 5. Given seeing difference in recognition on task importance according to medical institution, it was indicated to be 3.34 for dental clinic and 3.25 for dental hospital. Thus, the task importance was indicated to be slightly high in a person who works for dental clinic. There was no significant difference. In light of the above results, in order to educate dental coordinator who can successfully perform a role at dental hospital & clinic, a dental hygienist is required who is equipped with dental-clinic career rather than a person without a major. A professionally educational program for dental coordinator needs to be developed. Even in a dental coordinator's task, there is necessity for the curricular development and the specialized education.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.673-682
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• 2006

Recent study shows that implant design has a great impact on initial stability in bone. The ITI $TE^{(R)}$ implant, designed originally for immediate placement has a tapered/ cylindrical form which fits the anatomical shape of the natural alvelous or tooth root. The increased diameter at the collar region coupled with more threads lead to more bone contact and enhanced stability. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the clinical use and the efficacy of recently introduced ITI TE implant with a new macro-design. The following results are compiled from 139 patients who received ITl TE implant surgery at the periodontal department. of Yonsei University Hospital between July 2002 and September 2005. 1. 139 patients received 173 ITl $TE^{(R)}$ implants in their maxilla and mandible (Mx 82, Mn 91). Posterior area accounted for 84% of the whole implant surgery, 2. In the distribution of bone quality, type III(41,0%) was the most, followed by type IV(41,0%) and type II (27.7%). As for the bone quantity, type B(43.9%) was the most, followed by type C(42.2%), type D(12.2%) and type A(1.7%). 3. 125 implants(83.9%) were treated by single crown, which accounted for the majority. 4, The total implant survival rate was 100% after a mean follow-up period of 21.2 months. This preliminary data with ITl $TE^{(R)}$ implant showed excellent survival rate although the majority of implants evaluated in this study were placed in the posterior region of the jaw and compromised sites.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1415-1424
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• 2021

Objective: Portable laser methane detectors (LMDs) may be an economical means of estimating CH₄ emissions from ruminants. We validated an LMD-based approach and then used that approach to evaluate CH₄ emissions from indigenous dairy cows in a dryland area of Ethiopia. Methods: First, we validated our LMD-based approach in Simmental crossbred beef cattle (n = 2) housed in respiration chambers and fed either a high- or low-concentrate diet. From the results of the validation, we constructed an estimation equation to determine CH₄ emissions from LMD CH₄ concentrations. Next, we used our validated LMD approach to examine CH₄ emissions in Fogera dairy cows grazed for 8 h/d (GG, n = 4), fed indoors on natural-grassland hay (CG1, n = 4), or fed indoors on Napier-grass (Pennisetum purpureum) hay (CG2, n = 4). All the cows were supplemented with concentrate feed. Results: The exhaled CH₄ concentrations measured by LMD were linearly correlated with the CH₄ emissions determined by infrared-absorption-based gas analyzer (r² = 0.55). The estimation equation used to determine CH₄ emissions (y, mg/min) from LMD CH₄ concentrations (x, ppm m) was y = 0.4259x+38.61. Daily CH₄ emissions of Fogera cows estimated by using the equation did not differ among the three groups; however, a numerically greater milk yield was obtained from the CG2 cows than from the GG cows, suggesting that Napier-grass hay might be better than natural-grassland hay for indoor feeding. The CG1 cows had higher CH₄ emissions per feed intake than the other groups, without significant increases in milk yield and body-weight gain, suggesting that natural-grassland hay cannot be recommended for indoor-fed cows. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the potential of using LMDs to valuate feeding regimens rapidly and economically for dairy cows in areas under financial constraint, while taking CH₄ emissions into consideration.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권10호
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• pp.317-327
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• 2008

1990년$\sim$1995년에 걸쳐 건설된 일산신도시에 의해 농촌지역인 고양군은 불과 15년 만에 대도시로 급성장했으며, 인구는 물론 산업기능도 급속히 증가하였다. 일산신도시의 개발 이전인 1990년부터 개발 후 10년이 지난 2005년까지 고양시의 읍 면 동 인구 및 가구, 산업체와 종사자의 변화를 통해서 고양시의 공간구조의 변화를 파악한 결과, 신도시의 개발로 인하여 신도심지역의 도심성이 강화되고 구도심을 형성하는 $1{\sim}2$개 동에 집중되었던 산업기능은 구도심 주변으로 확대되는 경향을 보였다. 또한 기존의 4개 구도심은 일산신도시의 개발로 인하여 신도시와 함께 도심기능이 강화되거나, 도심형 산업이 감소하면서 소규모 상업시설 중심의 부도심격으로 쇠퇴, 신도시개발의 영향을 비교적 적게 받아 전체 도시의 성장에 따라 성장하는 형태를 보였다. 결과적으로, 신도시의 개발은 구도심의 전반적인 쇠퇴보다는 신 구도심 간 새로운 기능적 관계를 형성함으로써 전반적인 도시구조를 변화시키는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.153-153
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• 2009

We investigated the dependence of the memory margin of the Cap-less memory cell on the strain of top silicon channel layer and also compared kink effect of strained Cap-less memory cell with the conventional Cap-less memory cell. For comparison of the characteristic of the memory margin of Cap-less memory cell on the strain channel layer, Cap-less transistors were fabricated on fully depleted strained silicon-on-insulator of 0.73-% tensile strain and conventional silicon-on-insulator substrate. The thickness of channel layer was fabricated as 40 nm to obtain optimal memory margin. We obtained the enhancement of 2.12 times in the memory margin of Cap-less memory cell on strained-silicon-on-insulator substrate, compared with a conventional SOI substrate. In particular, much higher D1 current of Cap-less memory cell was observed, resulted from a higher drain conductance of 2.65 times at the kink region, induced by the 1.7 times higher electron mobility in the strain channel than the conventional Cap-less memory cell at the effective field of 0.3MV/cm. Enhancement of memory margin supports the strained Cap-less memory cell can be promising substrate structures to improve the characteristics of Cap-less memory cell.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.175-184
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 미시적 교통 시뮬레이션 모형을 이용하여 대표적인 트럭관리전략 중에 하나인 트럭차로이용제한 전략의 대안을 다양한 효과 척도를 통해 평가하였다. 본 연구에서는 먼저 트럭차로 이용제한 전략이 어떠한 교통 조건, 기하구조 조건에서 긍정적인 효과를 보일 지에 대한 이해를 제공한다. 이를 위해 다양한 수준의 교통수요와 트럭비율을 주요 영향 인자로 설정하여 시뮬레이션 분석을 시행하였다. 결과적으로 본 전략이 효과를 보이기 위해서는 최대 교통류율이 1,300대/시/차로 이상 이거나 트럭차량이 전체 교통량에서 차지하는 비율이 적어도 10% 이상 되어야 한다는 것이다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 미국에서 가장 트럭교통량이 많은 곳 중에 하나는 710 고속도로 북쪽 방향 23마일 구간에 대해 시행 가능한 트럭차로 이용제한 대안 별로 영향 분석을 시행하였다. 결과적으로, 트럭차량이 많이 포함되어 교통이 혼잡할 때에는 편도 4차로 중 왼쪽 2차로에 대한 트럭통행을 제한한 경우 교통 흐름이 향상되고 차량 당 평균 연료 소비량이 가장 적은 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해, 트럭차량 통행 제한차로수의 결정은 또한 이러한 전략의 성공에 중요한 역할을 하는 요소임을 증명하였다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.70-77
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• 2012

Purpose: To evaluate the patterns of tumor shape and to compare tumor volume derived from simple diameter-based ellipsoid measurement with that derived from tracing the entire tumor contour using region of interest (ROI)-based 3D volumetry with respect to the prediction outcome in cervical cancer patients treated with concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 98 patients with cervical cancer (stage IB-IIIB). The tumor shape was classified into two categories: ellipsoid and non-ellipsoid shape. ROI-based volumetry was derived from each magnetic resonance slice on the work station. For the diameter-based surrogate "ellipsoid volume," the three orthogonal diameters were measured to calculate volume as an ellipsoid. Results: The more than half of tumor (55.1%) had a non-ellipsoid configuration. The predictions for outcome were consistent between two volume groups, with overall survival of 93.6% and 87.7% for small tumor (<20 mL), 62.9% and 69.1% for intermediate-size tumor (20-39 mL), and 14.5% and 16.7% for large tumors (${\geq}$40 mL) using ROI and diameter based measurement, respectively. Disease-free survival was 93.8% and 90.6% for small tumor, 54.3% and 62.7% for intermediate-size tumor, and 13.7% and 10.3% for large tumor using ROI and diameter based method, respectively. Differences in outcome between size groups were statistically significant, and the differences in outcome predicted by the tumor volume by two different methods. Conclusion: Our data suggested that large numbers of cervical cancers are not ellipsoid. However, simple diameter-based tumor volume measurement appears to be useful in comparison with ROI-based volumetry for predicting outcome in cervical cancer patients.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2013

Cryoablation device is a surgical instrument to produce the cooling effect to destroy detrimental biological tissue by utilizing low temperature around 110 K. Usually, this device has the concentrated cooling region, so that it is suitable for concentrated and thick target. Accordingly, it is hard to apply this device for the target which is distributed and thin target. In this study, the design procedure of a closed-loop cryoablation device with multiple J-T expansion part is developed for the treatment of incompetent of great saphenous vein. The developed cyoablation device is designed with the analysis of 1-dimensional (1-D) bio-heat equation. The energy balance is considered to determine the minimum mass flow rate of refrigerant for consecutive flow boiling to develop the uniform cooling temperature. Azeotropic mixed refrigerant R410A and zeotropic mixed refrigerant (MR) of R22 ($CHClF_2$) and R23 ($CHF_3$) are utilized as operating fluids of the developed cryoablation device to form the sufficient temperature and to verify the quality of the inside of cryoablation probe. The experimental results of R410A and the zeotropic MR show the temperature non-uniformity over the range are $244.8K{\pm}2.7K$ and $239.8K{\pm}4.7K$ respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the probe experiences the consecutive flow boiling over the target range of 200 mm.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.631-640
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• 2012

Objectives : This study mean to confirm the antibacterial activity of a garlic extract widely culturing in our region and was to determine the effect of dentifrice containing 0.1% extracts of garlic on dental plaque and gingivitis in a double blind and clinical studies in 50 healthy adults aged from 20 to 22 years who provided a consent for their participation. Methods : The antibacterial activity was evaluated using triple distilled water and the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) against various pathogens for periodontal disease, such as P. gingivalis 381(ATCC33277), was estimated. The experimental groups classified according to the concentration of garlic extract used: 10,000ppm(A), 5,000ppm(B), 2,500ppm(C), 1,000ppm(D). Oral examination of subjects was performed through clinical periods and on day of baseline, 6, 12, 19, 25 days plaque index and gingival index were scored by Turesky' modified index and Loe & Silness index. After 12, 19, 25 days use of their respective dentifrices, statistically decreases of plaque index, gingival index were shown in both the experimental and the control group, respectively. Results : There was significant antibacterial activity in the "2,500ppm(C)" group against P. gingivalis 381. Experimental group exhibited significantly the lower plaque levels and the higher levels of gingival health by the use of the dentifrices contained extract of garlic from 6 days compare with control group(p<0.05). The degree of decrease was more significant on gingivitis level of the experimental group than the control group(p<0.05). Conclusions : This findings indicated that the oral products containing a garlic extract is effective in preventing and treating periodontal diseases, and has potential value in inhibiting periopathogens.