• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of the study was to find a possible association between the ${\beta}-$ and ${\kappa}-casein$ and ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ genotypes and important milk physiochemical and technological characteristics such as acidity, alcohol stability, the contents of some minerals and the parameters of acid fermentation ability (FEA) in Czech Fleckvieh Cattle. Methods: Milk and blood samples were collected from 338 primiparous Czech Fleckvieh cows at the same stage of lactation. The genotypes of individual cows for ${\kappa}-casein$ (alleles A, B, and E) and ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ (alleles A and B) were ascertained by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, while their ${\beta}-casein$ (alleles $A^1$, $A^2$, $A^3$, and B) genotype was determined using melting curve genotyping analysis. The data collected were i) milk traits including active acidity (pH), titratable acidity (TA), alcohol stability (AS); calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K) contents; and ii) yoghurt traits including active acidity (Y-pH), titratable acidity (Y-TA), and the counts of both Lactobacilli and Streptococci in 1 mL of yoghurt. A linear model was assumed with fixed effects of herd, year, and season of calving, an effect of the age of the cow at first calving and effects of the casein and lactoglobulin genotypes of ${\beta}-CN$ (${\beta}-casein$, CSN2), ${\kappa}-CN$ (${\kappa}-casein$, CSN3), and ${\beta}-LG$ (${\beta}-lactoglobulin$, LGB), or the three-way interaction between those genes. Results: The genetic polymorphisms were related to the milk TA, AS, content of P and Ca, Y-pH and Lactobacilli number in the fresh yoghurt. The CSN3 genotype was significantly associated with milk AS (p<0.05). The effect of the composite CSN2-CSN3-LGB genotype on the investigated traits mostly reflected the effects of the individual genes. It significantly influenced TA (p<0.01), Y-pH (p<0.05) and the log of the Lactobacilli count (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the yoghurt fermentation test together with milk proteins genotyping could contribute to milk quality control and highlight new perspectives in dairy cattle selection.

• Computational Structural Engineering : An International Journal
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 2001

Safety and serviceability of a planar steel frame are assessed. Attention is turned to the individual main steps in the assessment procedure, i.e., to the definition of loads, selection of transformation model, determination of the response of the structure to the loading, and to the definition of the limiting values (considering safely and serviceability of the structure). The potential of the method using direct Monte Carlo technique as a powerful tool is emphasized.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.501-516
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• 2014

We define the class of almost ${\omega}_1-p^{\omega+n}$-projective abelian p-primary groups and investigate their basic properties. The established results extend classical achievements due to Hill (Comment. Math. Univ. Carol., 1995), Hill-Ullery (Czech. Math. J., 1996) and Keef (J. Alg. Numb. Th. Acad., 2010).

• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.135
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• pp.76-77
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• 2001

사람 모두가 보유하고 있으며, 음식을 먹고 열량을 섭취함을 통해 얻어지는 지방은 우리가 생각하는 것 이상으로 많은 기능을 가지고 있다. 지방은 우리 몸 안에서 작은 덩어리 형태로 결체조직에 위치하고 있으며, 정상적인 성인은 신체의 약 15$\~$20$\%$가 지방세포로, 이를 열량으로 환산하면 100,000$\~$200,000Kcal정도가 된다. 열량저장고로서 지방의 특징은 매우 독특하여, 만일 체내의 모든 열량이 지방이 아닌 글리코겐 형태로 저장되어야 한다면 사람의 몸은 약2배 정도로 커져야 할 것이다.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.113-118
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• 1998

CERVENKA CONSULTING의 설립자인 Vladimir Cervenka는 1970년 미국 Colorado 대학에서 콘크리트 크랙(Concrete Crack)과 관련하여 개발되어지던 유한요소해석 프로그램을 박사학위 취득 후 체코의 Czech Technical University와 Stuttgart University에서 계속 공동 개발이 되었다. 1990년에 CERVENKA CONSULTING이라는 회사가 설립이 되었고 그 후 "SBETA"라는 콘크리트 구조의 균열(Crack), 파괴(Fracture Mechanics) 등의 비선형모델(Nonlinear Material Model)의 유한요소해석(Finite Element Analysis) 프로그램을 상용화 출시하여 그동안 여러번 version-up이 되면서 현재는 두 대학의 교수, Jana Margoldova와 Radomir Pukl가 개발에 참여하여 최근에는 SBETA 2.0이 세계 여러 나라에서 사용이 되고 있는 콘크리트 구조의 크랙 해석용 프로그램이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.957-964
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• 2020

Objective: An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of partial replacement of soybean meal (SBM) by white lupine seeds (WLS) on milk yield and quality, feed efficiency and rumen fermentation of high-yielding dairy cows. Methods: Thirty multiparous cows of two breeds (20 Holstein and 10 Czech Pied cows) in early mid-lactation received three diets (treatments) in a 3×3 Latin square design with a 28-d period. The dietary treatments were as follows: CON (control total mixed ration with SBM, no WLS), WLS30 (30% of the SBM was replaced, on a dry matter basis, by WLS), and WLS50 (50% of the SBM was replaced by WLS). Results: Feed intake by the cows was not affected (p = 0.331) by the diets. Milk production decreased with increasing proportions of WLS in the diet. Cows fed WLS50 yielded approximately 1 kg/d (p<0.001) less milk than cows fed the CON diet. The proportions of milk fat (p = 0.640), protein (p = 0.507), and lactose (p = 0.709) were not altered by the diet. For milk fat, feeding with WLS50 reduced the proportion of total saturated fatty acids (p<0.001) and increased the proportion of total monounsaturated fatty acids (p<0.001), mainly through oleic acid (p<0.001). No differences were found in feed efficiency, body weight, and blood plasma metabolites between groups. Rumen ammonia-N levels tended (p = 0.087) to increase with increasing proportions of WLS in the diet, whereas no effect of diet on rumen pH was found (p = 0.558). Conclusion: We did not identify the safe range within which raw WLS can efficiently replace SBM in the diet of high-producing dairy cows. In contrast, even partial replacement of SBM by WLS favorably changed the milk fatty acid profile.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.952-959
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of 11 active compounds of essential oils (ACEO) on rumen fermentation characteristics and methane production. Two trials were conducted. In trial 1, ACEO (eugenol, carvacrol, citral, limonene, 1,4-cineole, p-cymene, linalool, bornyl acetate, ${\alpha}$-pinene, and ${\beta}$-pinene) at a dose of $1,000{\mu}L/L$ were incubated for 24 h in diluted rumen fluid with a 70:30 forage:concentrate substrate (16.2% crude protein; 36.6% neutral detergent fiber). Three fistulated Holstein cows were used as donors of rumen fluid. The reduction in methane production was observed with nine ACEO (up to 86% reduction) compared with the control (p<0.05). Among these, only limonene, 1,4-cineole, bornyl acetate, and ${\alpha}$-pinene did not inhibit volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, and only bornyl acetate produced less methane per mol of VFA compared with the control (p<0.05). In a subsequent trial, the effects on rumen fermentation and methane production of two concentrations (500 and $2,000{\mu}L/L$) of bornyl acetate, the most promising ACEO from the first trial, were evaluated using the same in vitro incubation method that was used in the first trial. In trial 2, monensin was used as a positive control. Both doses of bornyl acetate decreased (p<0.05) methane production and did not inhibit VFA production. Positive effects of bornyl acetate on methane and VFA production were more pronounced than the effects of monensin. These results confirm the ability of bornyl acetate to decrease methane production, which may help to improve the efficiency of energy use in the rumen.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.12spc
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• pp.696-702
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• 2021

Informatization of early childhood education in the EU occurs in the context of the use of ICT as a means of sharing experiences, practices in the education and training of preschool children, communication, both at the national level and locally - within educational institutions, as a means of document management, search, data processing and information for the management of early childhood educational institutions, and planning activities for these institutions. This article aims to identify the features of the informatization of early childhood education in EU countries. Results. The countries of the EU have different levels of workload on the staff of early childhood education institutions, which is caused by different numbers of preschoolers and workforce. The greatest load on the staff in France due to a large number of preschoolers, which, despite the reduction, remained the highest among all the countries. By comparison, Poland's significant workload is mitigated by the size of its workforce. With almost equal numbers of staff in Poland and Germany, the countries differ significantly in the number of preschoolers. The countries also have different funding mechanisms for early childhood education, which determines the potential for digitalization. In France, total spending on early childhood education has grown the least (by 11 % between 2012 and 2018), in Poland by 51 %, in the Czech Republic by 44 %, and in Germany by 49%. In France, 100 % is funded by the government, in Poland 78 % is funded by the government, in the Czech Republic and Germany 87 % and 85 % respectively is funded by the government. The results of the survey of teachers' training in the use of ICTs and the level of specialists' readiness to use them in their studies indicate a mismatch between education and the practice of using technology. At the same time, given the high level of professional training of teachers in the use of technology in education, a low level of practice of ICT use in teaching preschool children was revealed. Teachers require professional development of ICT skills.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.359-366
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• 2000

Epigenetics represents a chromatin-mediated transcriptional repression which plays a control role in both animal and plant development. A number of different mechanisms have been described to be involved in the formation of chromatin structure: especially DNA methylation, nucleosomal histone modification, DNA replication timing, and binding of chromatin remodelling proteins. Epigenetic phenomena include genomic imprinting, dosage compensation of X-chromosome linked genes, mutual allelic interactions, paramutation, transvection, silencing of invasive DNA sequences, etc. They are often unstable and inherited in a non-Mendelian way. A number of epigenetic defects has been preferentially described in floral development. Here, epigenetic phenomena in model angiosperm plants and their corresponding mechanisms are reviewed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.401-405
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• 2000

Influence of fructose addition to the cultivation medium on the production of taxanes and the growth of callus culture of Taxus baccata was studied. The cultures showed an ability to adjust to the substitution of some of the sucrose in the media by fructose and the fresh biomass accumulation was higher on the media containing different concentrations of fructose during the second cultivation period.