• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.126-130
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• 1998

Effects of organic solvent fractions from perilla ethanol extract on alcohol metabolism in rats were examined and the results were as follows: Ethanol souble fraction, after a single oral administration to rats, was found to cause a significant decrease in the serum ethanol concentration as well as enhancement of liver cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. On the other hand, the fraction insouble in ethanol was found to increase ethanol concentration in the blood and inhibit ADH activity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.318-318
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• 1994

Addition of AAF to murine splenocytes culture produced a dose-related suppression of lymphoproliferative response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The time course of the suppression showed that a significant inhibition was occured after a 18 hr AAF treatment. Total protein kinase C activity in splenocytes was decreased to 72% of control level after a 18 hr AAF treatment. Phosphorylation of a PKC specific 80 kDa protein was increased by LPS and AAF down-regulated LPS-induced PKC activity. LPS-induced phosphorylation of overall proteins in membrane and cytosolic fraction were also decreased by the treatment of AAF. A significant increase of PKC activity in membrane fraction was noticed within 10 min of AAF treatment compared to LPS alone and then gradually decreased to LPS level in 60 min. Meanwhile, PKC activity in cytosolic fraction was increased slightly in 10 min by the treatment of AAF and then decrease to 80% LPS level in 30 min. These results suggested that suppressive effect of AAF on LPS-induced lymphoproliferative response may be associated with the down-regulation of PKC and other susceptible kinases in spleen cells.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.221-224
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• 1997

Effects of melatonin on hepatic glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione-reductase (GSH-reductase) activities were studied in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats administered i.p. (10 mg/kg body weight) with melatonin during 15 days. The activity of cytosolic GSH-reductase in the liver was not changed by melatonin. However, melatonin injection increased significantly the activity of liver cytosolic GSH-Px activity compared with those in saline-treated rats. At the same time, plasma GSH-Px was also increased significantly in melatonin-treated rats. Since GSH-Px, a major antioxidative enzyme, removes $H_2O_2$ and lipid peroxides which are formed during lipid peroxidation from cellular membrane, such elevation of heptatic GSH-Px activity may contribute to the improvement of antioxidative effects under oxidative damage in the liver.

• BMB Reports
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.209-214
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• 2014

Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that promote apoptotic cell death. We showed that cytosolic $NADP^+$-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDPc) plays an essential role in the control of cellular redox balance and defense against oxidative damage, by supplying NADPH for antioxidant systems. In this study, we demonstrated that knockdown of IDPc expression by RNA interference enhances UVB-induced apoptosis of immortalized human HaCaT keratinocytes. This effect manifested as DNA fragmentation, changes in cellular redox status, mitochondrial dysfunction, and modulation of apoptotic marker expression. Based on our findings, we suggest that attenuation of IDPc expression may protect skin from UVB-mediated damage, by inducing the apoptosis of UV-damaged cells.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.213-217
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• 2009

This study was done to investigate the antioxidative effect of polygoni radix in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of STZ at a dose of 45 mg/kg dissolved in citrate buffer. The ethanol extract of Polygoni radix was orally administrated once a day for 7 days. The contents of Total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) were significantly decreased in Polygoni radix treated STZ-sample group compared with to the those of STZ-control group. The hepatic cytosolic activities of glutathione-s-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly increased, Also the content of glutathione (GSH) was incresaed in Polygoni radix treated STZ-sample group compared with to the those of STZ-control group. but the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the hepatic cytosolic activity of Catalase (CAT) were decreaed but not statistical significant. These results indicated that ethanol extract of polygoni radix was effective for the antidxidative in the STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.312-316
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• 2011

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and its toxic metabolite 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridium ion (MPP$^+$) have been shown to induce Parkinson's disease-like symptoms as well as neurotoxicity in humans and animal species. Recently, we reported that maintenance of redox balance and cellular defense against oxidative damage are primary functions of the novel antioxidant enzyme cytosolic NADP$^+$-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDPc). In this study, we examined the role of IDPc in cellular defense against MPP$^+$-induced oxidative injury using PC12 cells transfected with IDPc small interfering RNA (siRNA). Our results demonstrate that MPP$^+$-mediated disruption of cellular redox status, oxidative damage to cells, and apoptotic cell death were significantly enhanced by knockdown of IDPc.

• BMB Reports
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.164-174
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• 2017

Mitochondria are cytosolic organelles essential for generating energy and maintaining cell homeostasis. Despite their critical function, the handful of proteins expressed by the mitochondrial genome is insufficient to maintain mitochondrial structure or activity. Accordingly, mitochondrial metabolism is fully dependent on factors encoded by the nuclear DNA, including many proteins synthesized in the cytosol and imported into mitochondria via established mechanisms. However, there is growing evidence that mammalian mitochondria can also import cytosolic noncoding RNA via poorly understood processes. Here, we summarize our knowledge of mitochondrial RNA, discuss recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms and functional impact of RNA import into mitochondria, and identify rising challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.162-165
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• 1999

Effects of compounds isolated from Ainsliaea acerifolia on alcohol metabolism in rats were examined and the results were as follows: Apigenin $7-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside$, after a single oral administration to rats, was found to cause a significant decrease in the serum ethanol concentration as well as enhancement of liver cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) activity.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.407-412
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• 2001

A $Ca^{2+}$_dependent PLA$_2$activity termed rPLA$_2$, was detected in the cytosol of bovine red blood cells (RBCs). The rPLA$_2$was characterized as a similar form to Group IV cPLA$_2$, but different in several column chromatographic profiles including an anion exchange column. To examine whether this rPLA$_2$is different from the well characterized cPLA$_2$, a quinone derivative, BJ50, was developed and tested for the inhibitory effect on the two PLA$_2$enzymes. The rPLA$_2$activity was inhibited by a quinone derivative (BJ50) with ID$_{50}$ of 20 $\mu$M., but had no effect on the cPLA$_2$, suggesting that rPLA$_2$may be a novel type of cytosolic PLA$_2$in RBCs.s.s.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.43-46
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• 2003

The anti-oxidant activities of tectochrysin, a major compound of propolis, were investigated. Tectochrysin exhibited a significant decrease in serum transaminase activities elevated by hepatic damage induced by $CCl_4$-intoxication in rats. Tectochrysin tested exhibited a lipid peroxidation causing a significant decrease in MDA production in TBA-reactant assay. Tectochrysin was strong in the increase in the anti-oxidant enzymes such as hepatic cytosolic superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in $CCl_4$-intoxicated rats. These results suggest that tectochrysin possess not only the anti-oxidant, but also the activities in $CCl_4$-intoxicated rats. Especially, tectochrysin was found to cause significant increases in the rat liver cytosolic SOD, catalase, GSH-px activities as well as a significant decrease in the MDA production.