• Title/Summary/Keyword: Current derivative

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Controlling the Gene Expression of Corynebacterium diphtheria Toxin-A Using the Tet-On System in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. (Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell에서 Tetracycline-Inducible System(Tet-on System)을 이용한 Corynebacterium diphtheria Toxin-A유전자의 발현 조절)

  • 박재균;임수빈;송지환
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.11-15
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    • 2004
  • Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst-stage embryos that can be propagated indefinitely and, at the same time, can be differentiated into all the cell types that constitute the body. Current research using ES cells is mainly focused on the efficient generation of specific cell types by employing optimal differentiation conditions, which often requires the genetic manipulation of ES cells. As a way of developing an efficient system to regulate foreign gene expression in ES cells, we have inserted the gene encoding Corynebacterium diphtheria toxin-A (DTA) into an autonomously induced plasmid under positive doxycycline control ('Tet-on' system). In this study, we demonstrate that this system can lead to the cell death of mouse ES cells by the induction of DTA expression when exposed to the tetracycline derivative, doxycycline. MTT assay showed that this induction resulted in the apoptosis of ES cells.

A 2 GHz 20 dBm IIP3 Low-Power CMOS LNA with Modified DS Linearization Technique

  • Rastegar, Habib;Lim, Jae-Hwan;Ryu, Jee-Youl
    • JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.443-450
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    • 2016
  • The linearization technique for low noise amplifier (LNA) has been implemented in standard $0.18-{\mu}m$ BiCMOS process. The MOS-BJT derivative superposition (MBDS) technique exploits a parallel LC tank in the emitter of bipolar transistor to reduce the second-order non-linear coefficient ($g_{m2}$) which limits the enhancement of linearity performance. Two feedback capacitances are used in parallel with the base-collector and gate-drain capacitances to adjust the phase of third-order non-linear coefficients of bipolar and MOS transistors to improve the linearity characteristics. The MBDS technique is also employed cascode configuration to further reduce the second-order nonlinear coefficient. The proposed LNA exhibits gain of 9.3 dB and noise figure (NF) of 2.3 dB at 2 GHz. The excellent IIP3 of 20 dBm and low-power power consumption of 5.14 mW at the power supply of 1 V are achieved. The input return loss ($S_{11}$) and output return loss ($S_{22}$) are kept below - 10 dB and -15 dB, respectively. The reverse isolation ($S_{12}$) is better than -50 dB.

Electroluminescence Characteristics of a New Green-Emitting Phenylphenothiazine Derivative with Phenylbenzimidazole Substituent

  • Ahn, Yeonseon;Jang, Da Eun;Cha, Yong-Bum;Kim, Mansu;Ahn, Kwang-Hyun;Kim, Young Chul
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.107-111
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    • 2013
  • A new green-emitting material with donor-acceptor architecture, 3,7-bis(1'-phenylbenzimidazole-2'-yl)-10-phenylphenothiazine (BBPP) was synthesized and its thermal, optical, and electroluminescent characteristics were investigated. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with four different multilayer structures were prepared using BBPP as an emitting layer. The optimized device with the structure of [ITO/2-TNATA (40 nm)/BBPP (30 nm)/TPBi (30 nm)/Alq3 (10 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (100 nm)] exhibited efficient green emission. Enhanced charge carrier balance and electron mobility in the organic layers enabled the device to demonstrate a maximum luminance of 31,300 cd/$m^2$, a luminous efficiency of 6.83 cd/A, and an external quantum efficiency of 1.62% with the CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinates of (0.21, 0.53) at a current density of 100 mA/$cm^2$.

Intelligent Position Control of a Vertical Rotating Single Arm Robot Using BLDC Servo Drive

  • Manikandan, R.;Arulmozhiyal, R.
    • Journal of Power Electronics
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.205-216
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    • 2016
  • The manufacturing sector resorts to automation to increase production and homogeneity of products during mass production, without increasing scarce, expensive, and unreliable manpower. Automation in the form of multiple robotic arms that handle materials in all directions in different stages of the process is proven to be the best way to increase production. This paper thoroughly investigates robotic single-arm movements, that is, 360° vertical rotation, with the help of a brushless DC motor, controlled by a fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. This paper also deals with the design and performance of the fuzzy-based PID controller used to control vertical movement against the limited scope of conventional PID feedback controller and how the torque of the arm is affected by the fuzzy PID controller in the four quadrants to ensure constant speed and accident-free operation despite the influence of gravitational force. The design was simulated through MATLAB/SIMULINK and integrated with dSPACE DS1104-based hardware to verify the dynamic behaviors of the arm.

Evaluation of the Function exp$(x^2)$ erfc(x) to Higher Precisions for Higher Order Derivative Polarography of CE-type Electrode Process

  • Kim, Myung-Hoon;Smith, Veriti P.;Hong, Tae-Kee
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.11 no.6
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    • pp.497-505
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    • 1990
  • The function exp$(x^2)$erfc(x), which is often encountered in studies of electrode kinetics, is evaluated to an extended precision with 32 significant decimal digits in order to find theoretical relationships used in derivative polarography/voltammetry for a chemically-coupled electrode process. Computations with a lower precision are not successful. Evaluation of the function is accomplished by using three types of expansions for the function. Best ranges of arguments are selected for each equation for particular precisions for efficiencies. The method is successfully applied to calculate higher-order derivatives of the current-potential curves in all potential ranges for a reversible electron transfer reaction coupled with a prior chemical equilibrium (i.e., a CE type process). Various parameters that characterize the peak asymmetry (such as ratios of peak-heights, ratios of half-peak-widths, and separations in peak-potentials) are analyzed to find how kinetic and thermodynamic parameters influence shapes of the derivatives. The results from the CE process is compared with those from an EC process in which a reversible electron transfer is coupled with a follow-up homogeneous chemical reaction. The two processes exibit quite contrasting differences for values of the parameters.

Suppression of the High Frequency Distortion by Adjustment of Transconductance of the Diode-Connected Transistor in the Current Mode Max Circuit for Multiple Inputs (다수 입력용 전류모드 Max 회로에서 다이오드결선 트랜지스터의 트랜스컨덕턴스 조정에 의한 고주파 왜곡 억제)

  • 이준수;손홍락;김형석
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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    • v.40 no.11
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    • pp.37-44
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    • 2003
  • A distortion suppression technology for employing multiple inputs in 3n+1 type current mode Max circuit is proposed using the adjustment of transconductance. If the number of input blocks of the current mode Max circuit increases, the high frequency distortion in the output signal grows. In this paper, it has been disclosed that the distortion in the multiple input Max circuit is proportional to such accumulated parasitic capacitance, to the derivative of the output signal and also to tile inverse of transconductance of the common diode-connected transistor. The proposed idea is by employing as larger transconductance of the common diode-connected transistor as possible. The effectiveness of the proposed idea has been proved through the HSPICE simulation for the current mode Max circuits with various numbers of input signals.

Reduction of Noise and Vibration in SRM Using Current Shape Control

  • Cho, Kyung-Sik;Kwon, Sung-Ha;Park, Hong-Bae;Han, Jeong-Yup;Jeung, Eun-Tae
    • 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2004.08a
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    • pp.1023-1027
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    • 2004
  • Since the change of the radial electromagnetic force is a main cause of noise and vibration of the SRM, this paper proposes a method to reduce the change of the electromagnetic force of an SRM. The technique is based on the control of the current shape associated with each phase using switches of the converter to drive an SRM. And we analyze the relation between the derivative of the radial electromagnetic force and the phase currents. A simulation is given to demonstrate our results.

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Photo-Induced Memory of an OLED in the presence of thio-Michler's ketone

  • Enokida, Toshio;Gwon, Tae-Sun
    • 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2004.08a
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    • pp.281-284
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    • 2004
  • Photo-induced memory effect of an organic light-emitting diode(OLED) composed of a hydrazone-derivative(DBAH) dispersed in bis-phenol-A type polycarbonate polymer(PCA) in the presence of thio-Michler's ketone, was investigated by the measuring of the current density and luminance at the various conditions. After the light exposure, the current of the OLED was decreased approximately one order, and the luminance of the OLED also decresed. This memory effct was erasable by heating the OLED to the temperature higher than the glass transition temperature(Tg). As shown in this result, we found the memory effect was erased by heating and returned to its original state in the hole injecting layer(HIL) of the OLED. A series of these phenomena was suggested the possibility of the application to the imaging plate.

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A Study on the Interrupting Capability of the Fault Current in the E.H.V. Transmission System. (SF6 가스절연 개페장치 일)

  • 강길건
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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    • v.40 no.1
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    • pp.18-23
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    • 1991
  • Recently SLAMECKA suggested the mathematical dynamic arc model of the SF6 gas circuit breaker [1]. The author applied the above dynamic arc model to the E.H.V. transmission line and investigated the interrupting capability of the SF6 gas circuit breaker. In particular the Runge-Kutta-England numerical method suitable for the use in systems that involve nonlinear dynamic arc and traveling wave was used by converting the current source into the voltage source in the DOMMEL's method [2]. The successful computer resultls were obtained and it was found that the arc time constant and the second derivative of the arc conductance are closely related to the interrupting capability of the SF6 gas circuit breaker.

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Dynamic Control of Robot Manipulators Using Multilayer Neural Networks and Error Backpropagation (다층 신경회로 및 역전달 학습방법에 의한 로보트 팔의 다이나믹 제어)

  • 오세영;류연식
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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    • v.39 no.12
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    • pp.1306-1316
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    • 1990
  • A controller using a multilayer neural network is proposed to the dynamic control of a PUMA 560 robot arm. This controller is developed based on an error back-propagation (BP) neural network. Since the neural network can model an arbitrary nonlinear mapping, it is used as a commanded feedforward torque generator. A Proportional Derivative (PD) feedback controller is used in parallel with the feedforward neural network to train the system. The neural network was trained by the current state of the manipulator as well as the PD feedback error torque. No a priori knowledge on system dynamics is needed and this information is rather implicitly stored in the interconnection weights of the neural network. In another experiment, the neural network was trained with the current, past and future positions only without any use of velocity sensors. Form this thim window of position values, BP network implicitly filters out the velocity and acceleration components for each joint. Computer simulation demonstrates such powerful characteristics of the neurocontroller as adaptation to changing environments, robustness to sensor noise, and continuous performance improvement with self-learning.

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