• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.179-183
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• 1996

Streptoccus Pneumoniae (pneumococcus), the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia, has an ample polysaccharide (PS) capsule that is highly antigenic and is the source of PS vaccine. This investigation was undertaken to optimize the culture conditions for the production of capsulard PS by type 1 pneumococcus. Among several culture media, brain heart infusion (BHI) and Casitone based media were found to support luxuriant growth of pneumococcus type 1 at the same level. Because BHI medium is rather expensive and more complex than the Casitone based media, the Casitone based media was uwed to study optimization of the culture condition. The phase of growth which accomodated maximum PS production was logarithmic phase. Concentrations of glucose greater than 0.2% did not ehnahce growth or PS production. Substitution of netrogen sources with other resources or supplementation of various concentrations of metal ion (with the exception of calcium ion) had adverse affects on growth and PS production. On the other hand, low level aeration was beneficial for increased PS production. Addition of 3 mg/1 concentration of methionine, phenylalanine, and threonine were found to enhance growth and PS production. The synerigistic effect of all the favorable conditions observed in pneumococcal growth assays provided a two-fold cummulative increase in capsular PS production.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.29-47
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• 2012

The purpose of this research is to identify the everyday life culture, housing satisfaction and housing importance of older Korean-Chinese living in Harbin, China. Social survey research using the questionnaire was conducted from August to October in 2011. A total of 94 usable samples were analyzed by the SPSS version the 18.0 statistical program using frequency, percentage, cross-tabulation, factor analysis, and Pearson's correlation. The major findings were as follows. Firstly, older Chinese in Harbin were assimilated into Chinese culture such as national holidays and respectful people, but acculturated in terms of their daily food, and their preference to live in a Korean-Chinese village. Secondly, they had mainly lived in multi-story houses, the so called Chinese-style apartments. The average size of their living space was $80.33m^2$ and they were usually unsatisfied with their neighbors and floor treatment lacking Ondol(溫突). Thirdly, 5 factors affecting on housing value orientation were 'physical characteristics','emotional characteristics', 'economic characteristics', 'social characteristics', 'neighbor characteristics/reputation of the house' and they explained 73.9%. 2 factors affecting on housing satisfaction were 'inner complex/inner space' and 'neighborhood environment' and they explained 69.4%. In conclusion, some policy is needed for Korean Chinese living in Harbin for their well-being when it comes to their housing needs and conditions. Given the nature of big city, Harbin and its attraction, younger Korean-Chinese tend to be rapidly assimilated into Chinese culture. However older people in Harbin think that it is important for their children to learn both countries' languages and cultures in order to be successful, so some concrete policies and supports are needed.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.107-119
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• 2006

The Korea Water Resources Corporation(KOWACO) proposed bidding for an alternative design for Hwabuk Multi-purpose Dam in March of 2004. The site is located in Hakseong-ri, Goro-myeon, Gunwi-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do and has adrainage area of $87.52km^2$. The purpose of this project is to establish an environmentally friendly plan for minimizing the damage that was caused by the construction of the Hwabuk Multi-purpose Dam. The design principle of KOWACO was the restoration of the natural environment, a harmonious landscape, and the creation of a space of regional and local culture. The basic concept of this project involves an ecological-restoration axis and a functional-connection axis. The site is divided into four spaces: (1) the space of memory and symbol, (2) the space of nature and ecology, (3) the space of regional and local culture, and (4) the space of the regional economy. There are four sub-spaces in the space of memory and symbol: the track forest, the time forest, the memory room, and the sun plaza. There are three sub-spaces in the space of nature and ecology: the habitat of aquatic birds, the wind forest, and the eco-corridor. There are five themed parks in the space of regional and local culture: the culture and relic room, the wildflower garden, the ecological pond, the insect observation park, and the pyogo maze. There are three areas in the space of the regional economy: the forest pension, the waterside pension, and the community center, as Dungdungi village was reorganized to serve as a lodging complex. These themed parks, working together, can offer an effective space for nature, culture, rest, and experience.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2021

건설프로젝트가 복잡해지고 대형화되어감에 따라서 조직이 어떤 역할을 하느냐가 더욱 중요한 일이 되고 있다. CM 현장조직의 성과를 높이기 위해서는 CM 현장조직에 적합한 조직구조를 찾아 조직문화를 올바르게 형성하고 구성원의 직무만족을 높이는 것이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 CM 현장조직의 조직구조가 조직문화 및 직무만족에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구 결과 CM 현장조직의 조직구조는 공식화가 3.51로 가장 높게 나타났으며 집권화가 2.71로 가장 낮게 나타났다(5점 만점). 또한 상관분석 결과 조직구조는 조직문화와 직무만족과 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 CM 현장조직에 적합한 조직구조를 설계하는데 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.401-407
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• 2022

Electronic media are an integral part of modern civilization; educational practices are no exception, which should change the content orientations, structures and methodological approaches in accordance with the requirements of the educational market. This makes it relevant to find effective and successful configurations in the process of implementing modern educational practices. The purpose of the research lies in determining the basic principles of electronic media and their place in modern education, identifying the effectiveness of teaching disciplines with application of electronic media, as well as establishing the level of assessment by students of the need to involve different types of electronic media in the educational process and professional practice. The research methodology is complex; the descriptive method and methods of observation, analysis and synthesis have been used in the academic paper. The method of pedagogical experiment has become the principal one; the method of questionnaires and statistical methods have been also used. The hypothesis of the academic paper lies in the fact that the involvement of electronic media in the educational process makes it more effective and requires conceptual changes in educational practices. The result of the research manifests in the identification of new opportunities for the use of electronic media, leading to conceptual shifts in the framework of modern educational policies. In the future, it will be appropriate to consider the theoretical aspects of changing worldview models in education and the use of new media in the educational process, their effectiveness and relevance.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2013

김정일시대 군사협상 분석 모델인 '항일유격대식 협상모델'을 활용하여 최근에 실시된 개성공단 실무회담 분석을 통하여 김정은시대에 개최될 군사협상의 지속과 변화를 제시하고자 한다. 특히, 개성공단 실무회담 분석을 통하여 김정은 시대의 경제분야 협상에서도 군사회담과 유사한 협상행태가 진행되고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 분석을 통하여 유추할 수 있는 사항은 김정은시대 군사협상에서도 김정일시대의 군사협상 범주에서 협상이 진행될 것이라는 사실이다. 근본적으로 북한은 변화의 길을 걷겠지만 현 시점에서는 기존의 전략문화를 변경하기 보다는 그 틀 속에서 군사협상 목적을 달성하려 할 것이다. 이러한 현상은 당분간 지속될 것이다. 향후 북한은 경제난 극복을 위하여 군사협상에 변화를 꾀할 것이다. 따라서 우리 정부의 군사협상에 대한 인식의 대전환이 있어야 할 것이다. 우리정부는. 대화와 협상을 유도하기 위해서 지속적으로 노력하여야 한다. 북한의 변화를 유도하기 위해서는 군사 협상에 적용할 수 있는 통일 전선논리를 활용한 경제 분야 협상 의제를 개발하여야 한다. 이를 이용하여 북한의 군사협상 정책결정자들에게 논리체계를 형성하여 준다면 새로운 군사협상의 틀을 만들 수 있을 것이다. 북한은 변화를 통한 경제적 교류협력을 보장하는 길이 생존하고 발전하는 길임을 인식하여야 한다.

• ALGAE
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2018

Members of the family Parviluciferaceae (Alveolata, Perkinsozoa) are the well-known dinoflagellate parasitoids along with Amoebophrya ceratii species complex and parasitic chytrid Dinomyces arenysensis and contain six species across three genera (i.e., Parvilucifera infectans, P. sinerae, P. rostrata, and P. corolla, Dinovorax pyriformis, and Snorkelia prorocentri) so far. Among Parvilucifera species, the two species, P. infectans and P. sinerae, are very similar or almost identical each other morphologically and genetically, thereby make it difficult to distinguish between the two. The only main difference between the two species known so far is the number of sporangium wall (i.e., 2 layers in P. infectans vs. 3 layers in P. sinerae). During sampling in Masan bay, Korea during the spring season of 2015, the dinoflagellate Akashiwo sanguinea cells infected by the parasite Parvilucifera were observed and this host-parasite system was established in culture. Using this culture, its morphological and ultrastructural features with special emphasis on the variation in the number of sporangium wall over developmental times, were investigated. In addition, the sequences of rDNA regions and ${\beta}-tubulin$ genes were determined. The result clearly demonstrated that the trophocyte at 36 h was covered with 4 layers, and then outer layer of the sporocyte gradually degraded over time, resulting in wall structure consisting of two layers, with even processes being detached from 7-day-old sporangium with smooth surface, indicating that the difference in the number of layers seems not to be an appropriate ultrastructural character for distinguishing P. infectans and P. sinerae. While pairwise comparison of the large subunit rDNA sequences showed 100% identity among P. infectans / P. sinerae species complex, genetic differences were found in the small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequences but the differences were relatively small (11-13 nucleotides) compared with those (190-272 nucleotides) found among the rest of Parvilucifera species (P. rostrata and P. corolla). Those small differences in SSU rDNA sequences of P. infectans / P. sinerae species complex may reflect the variations within inter- strains of the same species from different geographical areas. Taken together, all morphological, ultrastructural, and molecular data from the present study suggest that they are the same species.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.656-660
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• 2013

Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CL0145A was discovered at the New York State Museum Field Research Laboratory as an effective agent against the environmentally destructive zebra mussel, which has contaminated US waters. Dried cells of the microbe are being commercialized as an environmentally friendly solution to the problem. We found that antibiotic activity against the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis is produced and excreted by this strain. We have carried out studies to optimize production of the antibiotic. Studies were begun in a complex corn meal medium. Activity was found in both cells and culture supernates and was maximal after one day of fermentation. Static fermentation conditions were found to be superior to shaken culture. Production of extracellular antibiotic in complex medium was found to be dependent on the content of sucrose and enzyme-hydrolyzed casein. Indeed, production was greater in sucrose plus enzyme-hydrolyzed casein than in the complex medium. Of a large number of carbon sources studied as improvements over sucrose, the best was glycerol. An examination of nitrogen sources showed that production was improved by replacement of enzyme-hydrolyzed casein with soy hydrolysates. Production in the simple glycerol-Hy-Soy medium was not improved by addition of an inorganic salt mixture or by complex nitrogen sources, with the exception of malt extract. In an attempt to keep the medium more defined, we studied the effect of amino acids and vitamins as replacements for malt extract. Of 21 amino acids and 7 vitamins, we found tryptophan, glutamine, biotin, and riboflavin to be stimulatory. The final medium contained glycerol, Hy-Soy, tryptophan, glutamine, biotin, and riboflavin.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.235-244
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• 2024

본 연구는 중장년 복합만성질환자의 일반적 특성과 건강관련 특성이 건강관련 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구대상은 한국의료패널(version1.7)에서 2018년 자료를 추출하여 활용하였다. 2개 이상의 만성질환을 의사로부터 진단을 받은 경우를 복합만성질환자로 정의하여 2,408명을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 수집된 자료는 STATA 15.0 프로그램을 이용해 서술적 통계, t-test, ANOVA, 다중회귀로 분석하였다. 연구결과 중년의 경우 교육수준, 가구소득분위, 경제활동, 스트레스, 좌절경험, 기본적 욕구충족은 건강관련 삶의 질에 양의 영향을, 의료보장유형, 우울감, 자살충동은 음의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 장년의 경우 교육수준, 가구소득분위수준, 경제활동, 음주, 스트레스, 좌절경험, 기본적 욕구충족은 양의 영향을, 배우자, 의료보장유형, 우울감, 자살충동은 음의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 중장년의 건강관련 삶의 질을 향상시키기 위해서는 개인별, 연령별 특성을 고려한 맞춤형 정책이 수립되어야 할 것이다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.865-872
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• 2024

Loperamide에 의한 변비는 위 배출, 소장 및 대장 운동성을 감소시켰으며, 과채복합추출물(Fruit and vegetable complex extracts, FVCE)은 이러한 효과를 예방한다. 우리는 다음과 같은 실험에서 로페로마이드(3mg/kg, sc, 14일)로 유발된 변비 수컷 Sprague-Dawley 쥐에 대한 프락토올리고당 및 과채복합추출물의 효과를 조사하였다. 쥐를 무작위로 정상대조군 쥐(일반식이), 변비 쥐(일반식이 + 로페로마이드), 200mg FVCE(200mg/kg/day FVCE + 로페로마이드가 보충된 일반 식이)로 처리한 변비 쥐, 400mg FVCE로 처리한 변비 쥐(200mg/kg/day FVCE와 로페로마이드가 보충된 일반 식단)으로 시험군을 구성하였다. 대조군 쥐에 비해 로페로마이드로 처리된 쥐에서 대변 배설량이 적고 대변 수분 함량이 더 낮았다. FVCE을 경구투여 하면 분변배설량의 감소를 억제하고 로페로마이드로 처리된 쥐의 대변 수분 함량. 로페로마이드를 처리한 쥐에서는 대장선와세포의 점액 생성과 대변 및 점막표면의 점액 함량이 감소하였다. 그러나 FVCE 처리군에서는 대장선와세포의 뮤신 함량이 증가하였고, Aclain blue로 염색된 점액층은 로페로마이드 처리군에 비해 FVCE 처리군에서 유의적으로 두꺼워졌다. 쥐 회장에서 로페로마이드는 회장 운동성을 억제한다. 이러한 결과는 FVCE가 로페로마이드에 의한 대장 연동 운동 억제 완화에 효과적이며 FVCE추출물이 변비 예방에 효과적 일 수 있다는 것을 나타낸다.