• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.197-200
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• 2006

We analyzed total protein (TP), albumin (AL), aspartic aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea nitrogen (UN), creatinine (CRE) and serum protein electrophoretic fractions in sera of rural elderly patients to evaluate the health status in rural elderly patients. We observed that the frequencies of patients showed lower level of total protein, albumin, and both total protein and albumin than them of reference range were 20.3%, 22.8% and 19.0%, respectively. The rates of patients showed higher level of AST, ALT, both of AST and ALT, UN, creatinine and both of UN and creatinine than them of reference range were 33.8%, 40.0%, 30.0%, 17.7%, 15.2% and 7.9%, respectively. Comparison of protein fractions of each patient to reference range showed that 77.2% of patients showed normal in all of patterns. Few of patients showed abnormal pattern in albumin (13.6%), ${\alpha}1-globulin (0.0%),\;{\alpha}_2-g10bulin(1.1%),\;{\beta}-globulin(1.9%)\;and\;{\gamma}-globulin(6.2%)$. These data suggest that many of rural elderly patients may suffer from heart, liver and kidney diseases. The serum protein fractions are not typical criterion to evaluate the disease, but production of proteins in rural elderly patients may be affected by liver disease and kidney disease.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.247-254
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to obtain reference data of parameters for hematological health diagnosis in cultured freshwater fish and also evaluate application of automatic dry-type chemistry analyzer (FUJI DRI-CHEM 3000) used to those blood tests. A blood profile of total 200 fish for rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss), israel carp (Cyprinus carpio), tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and eel (Anguilla japonica) cultured in Inland Fisheries Research Institute of NFRDI was determined by hemoglobin (Hb) and plasma chemistry tests: total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCHO), creatinine (CRE), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose (GLU). The values of ALT, TG, LDH, ALB, TCHO, AST and ALP were outside from the minimum and/or maximum of the established detectable range of the analyzer. ALT and TG were not detectable in the range of 67%~61.5%. LDH, ALB and TCHO were not detectable in the range of 36~17%. AST and ALP were not detectable in the range of 5.5~0.5%. However, the values of BUN, CRE, GLU, Hb and TP were below the detectable limits of the analyzer.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.287-291
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• 2007

The factors and mechanisms by infection of Oriental Tsutsugamushi caused disease are not well understood. The onset of tsutsugamushi disease is characterized by chilliness, fever, malaise, headache and generalized aching. Infection of tsutsugamushi is the cause of impairment of function of a major organ often complicate the picture and immediately change the prognosis for the worse. Tsutsugamushi disease is reported that this disease is characterized by the histopathogenesis of liver, kidney, heart, and lung, but the variation of biochemical components in serum of tsutsugamushi disease patient are not clear. We analyzed total protein (TP), albumin (AL), aspartic aminotranferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphotase (ALP), urea nitrogen (UN), creatinine (CRE), glucose (GLD), cholesterol (CHOL) and total bilirubin (TB) in sera of patients with tsutsugamushi disease. In comparison with reference, total protein and albumin were abnormally decreased in 19.6% and 39.2% of patients, respectively. AST, ALT, ALP, creatinine, UN, glucose, cholesterol and total bilirubin were abnormally increased in 94.1 %, 72.5%, 25.5%, 15.7%, 9.8%, 62.7%, 25.5% and 6.0% of patients, respectively. The patients showed abnormal relative rate of protein electrophoretic fractions to total protein in serum compared to them of reference were 43.1% (albumin), 12.9% ($\alpha_1$-globulin), 58.8% ($\alpha_2$-globulin), 60.8% ($\beta$-globulin) and 70.6% ($\gamma$-globulin), respectively. These data suggest that infection of Oriental Tsutsugamushi causes impairment of function of a major organ and abnormal serum protein electrophoresis fractions to tsutsugamushi patients.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.232-239
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• 2005

An aqueous extract of oriental herbal composition named Onchengyeum and curcumin, an antioxidant isolated from turmeric (Curcuma Zonga L.) reduced hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride ($CCI_4$). Improved liver function was observed by measuring the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), total cholesterol (T-CHO), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-CHO), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CHO), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB) and total bilirubin (BIL) in serum. Hepatic parameters monitored were levels of cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of cytochrome P450 (CYP), NADPH-CYP reductase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The histopathological examination showed that the treatment of Onchengyeum and curcumin relieved the ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes which had been generated by $CCI_4$. The results suggested that hepatoprotective effects of Onchengyeum and curcumin possibly are due to their promising antioxidative activity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.207-215
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• 2006

Sachungwhan reduced hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$). Improved liver function was observed by measuring the activities of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), creatinine(CRE), total cholesterol(TCHO), triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-CHO), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-CHO), total protein(TP), albumin(ALB) and total bilirubin(BIL) in serum. Hepatic parameters monitored were levels of cholesterol(CHO), triglyceride(TG), malondialdehyde(MDA), content of cytochrome P450(CYP), level of glutathione(GSH), and activities of NADPH-CYP reductase, superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), glutathione S-transferase(GST), glutathione reductase(GR), glutathione peroxidase(GPx). The histopathological examination showed that the treatment of Sachungwhan relieved the ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes which had been generated by $CCl_4$. The results suggested that hepatoprotective effects of Sachungwhan possibly are due to their promising antioxidative activity.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.253-265
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to obtain reference data of parameters for hematological health diagnosis in marine fish and also evaluate application of veterinary chemistry analyzer used to those blood tests. A blood profile of total 522 fish for black rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), red seabream (Pagrus major), rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatu) and black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) cultured in mari-floating netcage of Gyeongnam province was determined by hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb) and blood chemistry tests (total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, lactate dehydrogenase, triglyceride, total cholesterol, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, glucose). Ht was measured by microhematocrit method. Hb and plasma chemistry were analysed by establishing baseline ranges for a dry chemical system of FUJI DRI-CHEM 3000. Actually recorded values of Hb and plasma chemistry by the analyzer were notably outside from the minimum and/or maximum of the established reference value. Albumin and alanine aminotransferase were not detectable in the range of 68～66%. Lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, alkaline phosphatase and glucose were not detectable in the range of 42～21%. Total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride, hemoglobin and creatinine were not detectable in the range of 18～3%. However, the values of blood urea nitrogen were below the detectable limits of the analyzer.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.87-91
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• 1999

The present study was undertaken to compare the variation on serum biochemical values by storage in the rats. Sera were prepared from 30 Sprague-Dawley rats of each sex. 5 aliquots from each serum were placed in a -80$^{\circ}C$ freezer with the exception of I aliquots which was analyzed immediately. The analysis was performed on the following months; 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after freezing. The parameters measured) were aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), blood urea nitrogen(BUN) creatinine(CRE), glucose(GLU), total cholesterol(TCHO), triglyceride (TG), total protein(TP), albumin(ALB), total bilirubin(TBIL), calcium(Ca$\^$＋＋/), inorganic phosphorus(IP), creatine kinase (CK), phospholipid(PL), albumin-globulin ratio(A/G), sodium(Na$\^$＋/), potassium(K$\^$＋/), and chloride(Cl$\^$－/) The statistical analysis with Repeated Measures ANOVA, did not show statistical significance in the parameters of AST, ALT, BUN, TG, CK, A/G, Na$\^$＋/ of 1 month freezed sera, in those of AST, TG, CK, K$\^$＋/) of 2 month freezed sera, in those of AST, ALT, BUN, CRE, TCHO, TP, TBIL, CK, PL, Na$\^$＋/), K$\^$＋/), Ct on month fteezed sera, in those of Cl$\^$－/ of 6 month fteezed sera, and in those of ALT, TG, ALB of 12 month freezed sera in male SD rats. On the other hand, it did not show statistical significance in the parameters of AST, ALT, ALP, BUN, GLU, TCHO, TG, TBIL, CK, PL, A/G, Na$\^$＋/ of 1 month freezed sera, in those of AST, TCHO of 2 month freezed sera, in those of AST, BUN, CRE, TCHO, TP, TBIL, CK, PL of 3 month freezed sera, in those of TCHO, IP, PL of 6 month freezed sera, and in those of ALB of 12 month freezed sera in female SD rats. On the basis of the results, although there are some statistical variations in the biochemical values of the sera, it is suggested that if sera are analysed at the same time before 12 months storage in a －80 $^{\circ}C$ freezer, the storing time does not affect the biochemical evaluation of the sera in SD rats.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.57-72
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• 2006

A protective effect of activated charcoal against the acute lead poisoning of kidney was studied in mice. Mice approximately 30 gm in weight were grouped into the control, lead acetate-treated. and the activated charcoal-treated after lead acetate groups. Lead acetate (60mg/kg) and activated charcoal (40mg/kg) were delivered orally. Serum BUN and creatine were measured and ultrastructural alteration of renal tissues were examined by electron microscopy. Activated charcoal were decreased the increase of serum BUN and Creatinine level induced by lead. Lead acetate-treated renal tissues were characterized by the loss of microvilli in the renal tubule tells, irregular nucleus, enlarged and reduced number of mitochodria, enlarged rough endoplasmic reticulum, loss of ribosomes. Cells treated with activated charcoal were similar to those of the control group. In conclusion, activated charcoal may protect the lead-induced toxicity on kidney.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.178-184
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• 2005

Carry over contamination has been reduced in some systems by flushing the internal and external surfaces of the sample probe with copious amount of diluent. It between specimens should be kept as small as possible. A built-in, continuous-flow wash reservoir, which allows the simultaneous washing of the interior and exterior of the syringe needles, addresses this issue. In addition, residual contamination can further be prevented through the use of efficient needle rinsing procedures. In discrete systems with disposable reaction vessels and measuring cuvets, any carry over is entirely caused by the pipetting system. In analyzers with reuseable cuvets or flow cells, carry over may arise at every point through which high samples pass sequentially. Therefore, disposable sample probe tips can eliminate both the contamination of one sample by another inside the probe and the carry over of in specimen into the specimen in the cup. The results of the applicative carry over experiment studied on 21 items for total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (TB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspratate aminotranferase (AST), alanine aminotranferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), creatinine kinase (CK), lactic dehydrogenase (LD), creatnine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), glucose (GLU), amylase (AMY), calcium (CA), inorganic phosphorus (IP), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (CL) tests in chematology were as follows. Evaluation of process performance less than 1% in all tests was very good, but a percentage of ALB, TP, TB, ALP, CRE, UA, TC, GLU, AMY, IP, K, Na, and CL was 0%, implying no carry over. Other tests were ALT(-0.08%), GGT(-0.09%), CK(0.08%), LD(0.06%), BUN(0.12%), TG (-0.06%), and CA(0.89%).

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 2009

Antitumor activity of Korean mistletoe extract (KM-110) and European commercial mistletoe preparation (Helixor) was investigated. KM-110 showed the cytotoxic effect that it is high for various tumor cell lines and normal splenocytes in comparison with Helixor. Administration of two mistletoe extracts ($100{\mu}g$) to mice did not show any significant changes on the level of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvate transaminase (GTP), blood creatinine (CRE) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in sera. The culture supernatant of macrophages stimulated with KM-110 inhibited effectively tumor growth whereas Helixor had little effect. Administration of KM-110 or Helixor resulted in a effective inhibition of lung metastasis after the i.v. inoculation of colon 26-M3.1 lung carcinoma, B16-BL6 melanoma and L5178Y-ML25 lymphomas. In all cases, the mice treated with KM-110 showed more effective anti-tumor metastatic activity than the mice of Helixor. These results suggest that Korean mistletoe extracts, KM-110 might be used as an alternative methods having antitumor activity like European mistletoe preparation, Helixor.