• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권6D호
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• pp.599-604
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• 2010

본 연구는 거리에 따른 유류비를 고려하여 시간가치를 산정하고, SP 조사를 통해 경로선택 시 통행시간, 통행요금과 함께 거리에 대한 유류비를 반영함이 타당한지 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 수준 차이를 고려한 SP 조사설계기법을 이용하여 SP 자료를 구축하여 분석하였으며, 통행시간, 통행요금 및 유류비에 대한 가치를 추정하기 위한 모형식을 구축하였다. 모형추정 결과, 경로선택 시 통행요금과 함께 유류비 역시 운전자의 경로선택에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 경로선택에 있어 통행요금이 유류비에 비해 더 큰 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 통행요금이 현금지불경비(out-of-pocket expenses)인 반면 유류비 지출은 주기적이라는 특성 때문에 유류비가 통행요금에 비해 덜 민감하게 나타난 것으로 보인다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2016

In this paper, a research model is proved empirically which includes factors related on the purchase intention of smart car as high innovative product in advance of commercialization. As one of relating to consumer's expectation benefit factors, individual attribute factor includes product knowledge, individual innovativeness, and sociality. Consumer's expectation benefit factor includes perceived ease-of-use, usefulness, and enjoyment. As of switching cost variables, there are financial, uncertainty, relational and psychological switching costs factors. Analysis were performed using data from the 257 respondents as random sampling among potential consumers. Purchase intention were affected by individual innovativeness mediated by perceived enjoyment, and individual sociality by perceived ease-of-use and enjoyment also. Relational switching costs factor was only a significant control variable between purchase intention with consumer's expectation benefit factor. This result presents some implications for making the new smart car's detail concept and marketing strategy related to targeting the consumer as high innovative product and technology firms including smart car makers.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.253-273
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• 2004

Coastal cargo shipping is regarded as environmentally friendly and less costly compared to other transport modes: therefore, many developed countries endeavor to activate coastal cargo shipping. In Korea, a couple of policies are suggested for coastal cargo shipping; however, shippers' aspects seem to be neglected or not analyzed. In this regard, this study aims to identify barriers in the coastal cargo shipping, in respect to shippers' aspects. To find out the reasons shippers hesitate to use coastal cargo shipping, we made a questionnaire and surveyed. We found out some meaningful points in this study as the followings. First, the proportion of using the coastal cargo shipping is very low. Second, the shippers give weights on time and costs factor, and their preference for punctuality and stability of the transportation services is extremely high. Third, the shippers believe that improvement of the services of the coastal cargo shipping is very important in national logistics system although most do not use currently. They also believe that the success of coastal cargo shipping lies in whether it can transport the huge amount of cargos with lowest costs. Finally, the most important factor, when they choose the transport mode, is the punctuality and stability of the transportation services.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.617-624
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• 2016

The purposes of this study was to investigate impacts of loyalty program value on store loyalty through customer satisfaction and switching barrier. This study suggests some basis about the direction guidance for successful store-running marketing activities and beauty service related researches. A total of 986 usable questionnaires were obtained from female adults of Busan. Data were analyzed by frequency analysis, correlation analysis, factor analysis using SPSS for Window 22.0 and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model analysis by AMOS 22.0. The results suggested that, loyalty program value benefits(hedonic benefits and utilitarian benefits) had positive effect on customer satisfaction, and loyalty program value costs(hedonic costs and utilitarian costs) had oppositive effect on customer satisfaction. The impact of hedonic benefits of the loyalty program values was the largest. Customer satisfaction and switching barrier directly affect store loyalty. The customer satisfaction affected the store loyalty indirectly but the direct effect was bigger.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2021

This paper analyzed a survey of 388 general target samples to analyze the correlation between disaster safety costs and human risk factor analysis and evacuation behavior due to tunnel accidents. Considering the impact of the tunnel accident on disaster safety costs and the correlation between human evacuation and risk factors in the tunnel environment, the system should be reorganized to reflect the tunnel's basic plan, tunnel cross-section, tunnel installation.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2015

There are 5 purification plants with the adopted advanced water purification treatment process in Korea. Annual operating costs were 8,990 million won including purchase cost of oxygen and power usage charges. We need research to optimize, in the future, when considering the direction of domestic water treatment continues to adopt advanced water treatment process. In this paper, calculate the optimal operating costs by injected the oxygen gas, used power cost. approximately 25% of the operating costs can be reduced when injected the ozone gas is 1.0ppm than 2.0ppm, the necessary amount of oxygen is increased then power is lower. so operating costs are decided according to oxygen costs. On the other hand, high ozone concentration 2.0ppm, the necessary power is increased then amount of oxygen is lower. Therefore, in the case of G purification plant, the controlling factor of the input ozone concentration 2ppm, PID control operation by setting the concentration of over 10Wt% is efficient. The installed capacity is the more little the more better when considering on Ozone injection rate in the process of water treatment.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.180-187
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• 2015

Objectives: Metabolic syndrome is an important etiologic factor in the development of certain types of cancers. The economic cost of the treatment of cancer has been steadily increasing. We therefore estimated the economic burden of cancers attributable to metabolic syndrome in Korea. Methods: We reviewed metabolic syndrome-related cancers and relative risk and then calculated population attributable fractions. We analyzed insurance claims data for metabolic syndrome-related cancers in 2012 in order to estimate the direct costs associated with these cancers, including hospitalization, outpatient visits, transportation costs, and caregivers' costs as well as indirect costs such as loss of productivity due to cancer treatment and premature death. Results: In 2012, 18 070 patients in Korea had cancers attributable to metabolic syndrome. The economic burden was USD 199.8 million and the direct and indirect costs were USD 124.5 million and USD 75.3 million, respectively. Conclusions: We estimated the economic burden of cancers attributable to metabolic syndrome in Korea and the efforts are necessary to reduce this burden.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1996년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.878-882
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• 1996

This paper discusses the definition and concepts, approach methodologies, capable application areas in electricity business, and tentative calculation of avoided generation costs based on the Korea's official long-term generation expansion plan. The objective to evaluate avoided costs of a resource is to supply decision makers with the breakeven cost of a targeting avoided resource. For the evaluation of avoided costs of the Korea's generation system, we consider the pseudo-DSM option which has 1,000MW peak savings, load factor with 70 percent, and life-time With 25 years as the avoided resource. The DSM resource can save the fuel and capacity additions of a electric utility during its life time. The capacity and fuel savings are evaluated from the two different cashflows with and Without the DSM option, which are generated on the basis of the generation system optimization model(WASP-II), independently. The breakeven kWh costs of the DSM option over this 25-year period is projected to be 34.1[won/kWh], which is composed of generation-capacity and fuel avoided costs with 101.139[won/kW] and 17.6[won/kWh], respectively.

• 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.37-52
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• 2023

Purpose: This study is to investigate the causal relationship between franchise headquarters' franchise cost and franchise satisfaction and management performance, and to verify the structural relationship between franchise cost and corporate permanence. Research design, data and methodology: The data were collected from 200 medium-sized franchisees in Seoul and analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test the validity of the measurement model and the structural equation model (SEM) to identify the impact of franchise costs on corporate performance with the Amos 28.0 program. Result: Franchise costs were found to have a negative effect on franchise satisfaction and corporate permanence. It was confirmed that franchise satisfaction had a significant positive effect on management performance and corporate permanence. Franchise costs had a sequential mediating effect on franchise satisfaction and management performance, which had a significant impact on corporate permanence. Conclusions: This study expanded the theoretical scope by applying the expectation confirmation theory to corporate transactions. In addition, the franchise headquarters proposes ways to create a culture of franchise business with trust by presenting appropriate franchise costs to improve management performance and corporate permanence through franchise satisfaction.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.3-27
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• 2021

Recent Discussions on Third-Party Funding (TPF) in the forums of UNCITRAL, ICSID, and ICC are making different levels of progress towards finalizing the rules. However, they also have similarities in dealing with legal issues related to TPF, such as definitions, disclosure, allocation of costs, and security for costs. International treaty tribunals have dealt with TPF issues, too. When it comes to the standing of funded claimants, the tribunal in Ambiente v. Argentina did not accept the argument that claimants were controlled by the TPF provider. Concerning the scope of the disclosure, the tribunal in Tennant v. Canada ordered the disclosure of the TPF arrangement. As for the allocation of costs, the tribunal in Kardassopoulos v. Georgia noted that there is no reason why a TPF agreement should be treated differently than an insurance contract. Regarding the security for costs, the tribunal in South American Silver v. Bolivia considered the mere existence of a third-party funder as not an exclusive factor to determine costs in the earlier stage of the proceedings. Lastly, relating to TPF as a ground for annulment, the tribunal in Teinver v. Argentina declined the respondent's argument that the TPF agreement was the vehicle of fraud.