• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.73-85
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• 2002

The supply chain not only includes the manufacturer and suppliers, but also transporters, warehouses, retailers, and customers themselves. Within each organization, such as manufacturer, the supply chain includes all functions involved in filling a customer request. these functions include, but are not limited to, new product development, marketing, operation, distribution, finance, and customer service. Lean Supply chain coordination improves if all supplier of chain take actions that together increase total supply chain profits. To design of Modularity by the grouping supplier, the proposed method is to develop the most appropriate production system models in the Supply Chain Management which is necessity of the times and its importance. The objects of this study is development of model and cost analysis to the modular production system in Lean SCM. Introduction of modular production system in Lean SCM is effective in reducing the cost in processing, manufacturing, inventory holding, ordering, etc.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.214-219
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• 2006

Oligopoly differs from perfect competition and monopoly in that a firm must consider rival firms' behavior to determine its own best policy. This interrelationship among firms is the issue examined in this paper. In the oligopoly market, the complete information market means that each producer has full information about itself, the market, and its rivals. That is, each producer knows the market demand function, its own cost function and the cost functions of rivals. On the other hand, the incomplete information market means that in general each producer lacks full information about the market or its rivals. Here, we assume that each firm doesn't know the cost functions and the strategic biddings of its rivals. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze firm' strategic behaviors and equilibrium in an electricity market with incomplete information. In the case study, the complete information market and the incomplete market are compared at the Nash Equilibrium from the viewpoints of market price, transaction quantities, consumer benefits, and Social Welfare.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2010

This paper presents an improved parallel particle swarm optimization approach (IPPSO) based decomposed network for economic power dispatch with discontinuous fuel cost functions. The range of partial power demand corresponding to the partial output powers near the global optimal solution is determined by a flexible decomposed network strategy and then the final optimal solution is obtained by parallel Particle Swarm Optimization. The proposed approach tested on 6 generating units with smooth cost function, and to 26-bus (6 generating units) with consideration of prohibited zone effect, the simulation results compared with recent global optimization methods (Bee-OPF, GA, MTS, SA, PSO). From the different case studies, it is observed that the proposed approach provides qualitative solution with less computational time compared to various methods available in the literature survey.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제22권50호
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• pp.231-241
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• 1999

Recent market competition forces the price to be determined in the design stage so that the design would meet the target price of the product. However, most commercial PDM(Product Data Management) systems currently in use lack such a cost estimation function. In this paper, we propose detailed structure and functions of a new approach to estimate the cost of new products using integrated BOM in PDM. Such system will reduce the total life cycle cost of the products to be designed.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2002

In this study, an asymmetric lifting posture prediction model was developed, which was a three-dimensional model with 12 links and 23 degrees of freedom open kinematic chains. Although previous researchers have proposed biomechanical, psychophysical, or physiological measures as cost functions, for solving redundancy, they lack in accuracy in predicting actual lifting postures and most of them are confined to the two-dimensional model. To develop an asymmetric lifting posture prediction model, we used the resolved motion method for accurately simulating the lifting motion in a reasonable time. Furthermore, in solving the redundant problem of the human posture prediction, a moment weighted Joint Range Availability (JRA) was used as a cost function in order to consider dynamic lifting. However, it is known that the moment weighted JRA as a cost function predicted the lower extremity and L5/S1 joint motions better than the upper extremities, while the constant weighted JRA as a cost function predicted the latter better than the former. To compensate for this, we proposed a hybrid moment weighted JRA as a new cost function with moment weighted for only the lower extremity. In order to validate the proposed cost function, the predicted and real lifting postures for various lifting conditions were compared by using the root mean square(RMS) error. This hybrid JRA reduced RMS more than the previous cost functions. Therefore, it is concluded that the cost function of a hybrid moment weighted JRA can be used to predict three-dimensional lifting postures. To compare with the predicted trajectories and the real lifting movements, graphical validations were performed. The results also showed that the hybrid moment weighted cost function model was found to have generated the postures more similar to the real movements.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.88-93
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• 2024

The main problem with existing edge detection techniques is that they have many limitations in detecting edges for complex and diverse images that exist in the real world. This is because only edges of a defined shape are discovered based on an accurate definition of the edge. One of the methods to solve this problem is the cost minimization method. In the cost minimization method, cost elements and cost functions are defined and used. The cost function calculates the cost for the candidate edge model generated according to the candidate edge generation strategy, and if the cost is found to be satisfactory, the candidate edge model becomes the edge for the image. In this study, we proposed an enhanced candidate edge generation strategy to discover edges for more diverse types of images in order to improve the shortcoming of the cost minimization method, which is that it only discovers edges of a defined type. As a result, improved edge detection results were confirmed.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.15-25
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• 1979

Single-period inventory problems such as the newspaper boy problem having quadratic cost functions for both shortages and overage are examined to determine the optimal order level under various principles of choice such as minimum expected cost, aspiration level, and minimax regret. Procedures for finding the optimum order levels are developed for both continuous and discrete demand patterns.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1999년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.305-312
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• 1999

This study is intended to propose a systematic and practical life cycle cost(LCC) model for the development of the reliability-based seismic safety and cost-effective performance criteria for design and upgrading of long-span PC bridges. The LCC models consist of five cost functions such as initial cost, repair/replacement cost, human losses, road user cost, and indirect losses of regional economy. The proposed model Is successfully expressed in temrs of Park-Ang damage indices and life cycle damage probability obtained from SMART-DRAIN-2DX which is an existing algorithm for nonlinear time history analysis. The proposed LCC model is successfully applied to a viaduct constructed by PSM, in Seoul. Based on the observations, the proposed systematic procedure for the formulation of LCC model may be useful for the development of the reliability-based seismic safety and cost-effective performance criteria for design and upgrading of long-span PC bridges.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.528-538
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• 2012

With domestic construction projects becoming bigger, more specialized and more advanced, the construction industry is striving to improve quality and quantity, and is diversifying functions and shapes. Nevertheless, the process of a construction project causes problems when we estimate construction price, because the cost breakdown structures are different in each step. The primary aim of this study was to estimate building life cycle cost using the Delphi method. The cost breakdown structure for life cycle cost was classified into planning, design, construction, maintenance and waste disposal, and each detailed classification was determined by estimating life cycle cost. Moreover, the developed cost breakdown structure is verified by consulting with experts to secure objectivity and validity.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2006년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.123-130
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• 2006

최근 정부는 임대형민간투자사업(BTL, Build Transfer Lease)방식을 적극 도입함으로써 민간의 축적된 지식과 경험을 이용하여 보다 효율적인 사회간접자본(Social Overhead Capital) 확충을 도모하고 있다. 공공부분 및 사업시행자 등 민간투자사업의 사업기획단계에서 운영단계에 이르기 까기 전문화된 기술과 경험을 바탕으로 한 설계를 통하여 시설물 사용자의 요구를 충족시키는 동시에 창의적 기법을 총동원 예산과 리스크 범위내에서 최대한의 효율과 수익 창출을 극대화하려는 노력이 필요하다. 이처럼 BTL등 민간투자사업의 투자가치(Value for Money)를 극대화시키기 위해서는 VM(Value Management) 방법론의 효과적인 사용이 불가피하다. 여기서는 BTL 사업에서의 "VE job Plan" 활용 절차 및 적용방안을 제시하였다. BTL 사업에서의 효율적인 "VE job Plan"을 제시하기 위하여 국내 민간투자사업 및 VE 추진을 위한 법적제도의 변화를 분석하였다. 국내 BTL 사업 수행절차 및 BTL 사업에서의 VE적용방안을 "VE job Plan"과 함께 제시하였다. 실제 적용사례 연구를 통하여 BTL 사업에서의 "VE job Plan"의 작성과 작성된 프로세서를 활용한 의사결정 및 대안평가 방법을 제시하였으며, 속성 중 비용은 LCC(Life Cycle Cost : 이하 LCC) 분석결과를 바탕으로 평가하였고, 프로젝트 기능개선을 위한 평가방법으로는 기술적 FAST도를 사용하여 분석하였다. 사례는 "대구시립미술회관" 사업자 선정을 위한 BTL VE 활동을 통해 보다 향상된 가능의 개선, 비용절감 및 양질의 서비스 수준을 제공한 VM사례를 소개하였다.