• 기본간호학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.493-506
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• 1999

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and competence level of trainees of Cardiopulmonary resuscitation training targeted for nursing students. 70 nursing students of Y nursing college are recruited as subjects from Dec. 1st, 1998 through Dec. 8th. 1998. For the pre-test. demographic data related to CPR and knowledge of CPR were evaluated. For the post-test, the next week of pre-test, three difference groups of subjects were tested their knowledge of CPR. CPR training was designed by two components which were 90 mins lecture and demonstration by one professor and individual practice using two educational models with two professors. As the tool of measurement estimating pre or post knowledge of CPR. questionnaires were developed based on self-diagnosis questionnaires of American Heart Association(AHA). The questionnaires were multiple choices (50 questions) and open end questions regarding CPR process. Each multiple choices questions valued 2 points (Score varied min. 0 point to max 100 points.). Collected data were computerized and analyzed by SPSS-WIN. Frequency and percentage of each questions analyzed. The differences of the knowledge and competency level of subjects between pre and post test was analyses by paired t-test. The followings are research outcome. 1. In the pre-test, 95% of subjects answered that they already knew what CPR was. but only 82% described correctly what CPR was. 49% learned CPR before, and 80s5 of them learned at high school. 2. 37 questions scores increases, and 10 questions scores decreased. 3 questions didnt change their score. After getting training, ratio of 80% correct score significantly increased 4 times. 3. In post-test. knowledge level of trainees increased compared to that of pre-test. (t=-15.075, p=.000) 4. Competence level also increased (t=-14.86, p=.00). In result, after getting CPR training, most CPR knowledge increased except open the air tract, toddler CPR, and alternative behavior when the air tract is blocked. CPR training needs to extend the educational scope not only CPR lecture but also psychomotor skill practice. CPR trainees are in need of appropriate feedback as well as enough opportunities of skill practice.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.176-181
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• 2014

Objective : Despite high prevalence and effective treatments of panic disorder, lots of patients are not properly treated due to lack of awareness of the disorder. This study summarizes and presents the results from Public Awareness Survey of Panic Disorder during the Mental Health Exposition held in Seoul in April, 2014. Methods : A total of 401 participants who visited the booth of the Korean Academy of Anxiety Disorder agreed and completed the survey. The questionnaires comprised of three sections; first, after given a case of patient with panic disorder, participants were asked to choose a diagnosis and treatment options. Second, participants were asked to differentiate the symptoms of panic disorder from those of other mental disorders and answer where they acquired the knowledge of the disorder. Third, visual analogue scales were used to get more detailed information for several issues about panic disorder. The incidence and ratio for each question were provided and compared. Results : Among the participants, 78% reported a patient within the case need treatment, and 30% accurately recognized it was panic disorder. As for treatment needed, 40% selected psychotherapy by psychiatrists, 28% chose counseling by psychologist, 23% said that they can overcome it by self-care. Only 2% of participants selected the pharmacotherapy as treatment needed. Approximately 40% of participants have encountered information about the disorder from gossips of celebrities, 32% from mass-media, and merely 6% from medical professionals. About 80% of participants could discriminate the symptom of panic disorder from those of depression, schizophrenia, or generalized anxiety disorder. Conclusion : Our results suggest that substantial proportions of participants have the awareness of panic disorder, while as for treatment they were strongly biased against pharmacologic treatments. Most of their source of the awareness was not relied upon professional information. Efforts for giving correct information and increasing public awareness of panic disorder are needed to bridge a gap between professionals and general public.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제11권
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• pp.101-142
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• 1984

This study is a survey of collection development policies in the 40 university libraries among 42 in Korea as of 1984. The survey used a questionnaire with 36 questions concerning the basic elements of the collection development policy. The survey results revealed many problems demanding correction. The measures to correct the problems in the university libraries are as follows. 1. It is desirable that the libraries should have a collection development policy statement written and adopted for the systematic collection building. 2. It is advisable that the libraries should include a function of the materials selection among other various functions of the Library Committee for the purpose of informing administrators of the goals of the libraries and the validity of the budgetary allocation. 3. It is desirable that each library should organize the Collection Development Committee for minimizing the possibility of personal bias on the part of the individual selectors. 4. It is advisable that the primary responsibility for materials selection should be delegated as follows: for the materials for faculty research, to the faculty members; for the other collections, to the professional staff of each department; for the final review of whether or not to purchase, to the Collection Development Committee. 5. It is desirable for the purchase priority of materials to be set up in accordance with the order of 6 levels of collection development. 6. It is advisable that the libraries should, as top priority, purchase materials in direct su n.0, pport of the undergraduate and graduate academic programs, and in subject matter areas other than languages and literature, Korean materials should have not only the higher priority than the foreign language materials, but also maintain the comprehensive collection level. 7. It is desirable that the special collections should be purchased by special funds from the authority, and the special collections librarian should have the responsibility of the materials selection under the advice of the faculty members relating to the subject area. 8. It is advisable that duplicate copies should be bought only for high use items, but for reserve books, by the program enrollment, and textbooks should not be bought in general, except as su n.0, pplemental materials for course work in which they are necessary and heavily used. 9. It is reasonable that the material budget should be distributed as follows: by the ratio for distributing funds, about 60-70% for the library and 30-40% for departments; by the type of materials, about 50% for books, 40% for periodicals and 10% for other materials, or when not bought other materials, about 50-60% for books and 40-50% for periodicals. In addition, it is desirable that undergraduate class enrollment, graduate class enrollment, undergraduate majors, graduate majors, average book cost in the discipline, number of faculty, and use rate by subject should be considered as the factors for the allocation of funds by department, and special consideration should be given to newly-founded departments so the library holdings can be adequate to su n.0, pport them.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.445-474
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• 2010

중학교 1학년 학생들의 일차방정식에 대한 풀이과정에 변화가 있는지를 알아보기 위하여 일차방정식을 학습한 후 1차 조사를 하고, 5개월이 지난 후에 2차 조사를 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 1차 조사와 2차 조사 간의 정답 비율의 차이를 알아보기 위하여 McNemar검정을 실시한 결과, 유형A의 문항 x+4=9에서 $p=.035^a$, 문항 $x+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{2}{3}$에서 $p=.012^a$로 나타났으며, 유형B의 문항 x+3=8에서 $p=.012^a$, 문항 6(x+20)=20에서 $p=.035^a$으로 나타났다. 둘째, 1차 조사에서 문제 유형A와 유형B의 풀이과정을 올바르게 표현하지 못하였던 학생들 중에 2차 조사에서 올바르게 표현한 학생들이 있는 반면, 1차 조사에서 풀이과정을 올바르게 표현한 학생들 중에 2차 조사에서 오류를 범하는 학생들이 나타났다. 셋째, 모든 문항에 대하여 일차방식의 풀이과정을 올바르게 표현하는 학생들이 있는 반면, 몇 개 문항은 올바르게 표현하고 몇 개 문항은 그렇지 못한 학생들이 있었다. 결론적으로, 주어진 모든 문항에 대한 풀이 과정을 올바르게 표현하였더라도 또 다른 문항이 주어졌을 때 그 문항의 풀이과정에서 올바른 표현을 할 수 있다고 예견하기가 어렵다는 것이다. 논문에서 조사한 세 가지 유형(유형A, 유형B, 유형C)에 대한 학생들의 반응을 분석한 결과에 따르면, 이 세 가지 유형의 문제 풀이과정을 분석함으로써 어떤 학생이 일차방정식의 풀이과정을 올바르게 표현할 수 '있는지', '없는지'를 판단할 수 있다는 것이다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.118-122
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• 2017

Background and Objectives : In unilateral vocal fold paralysis (VFP), medialization thyroplasty (MT), arytenoid adduction (AA) and injection layrngoplasty (IL) are the most common procedures to correct phonatory problems. There is no consensus that which procedure is superior to the other for correcting the glottal insufficiency. The purpose of this study was to compare the phonatory parameters between MT, AA and AA with IL (AA+IL) in patients with unilateral VFP. Materials and Methods : This retrospective study enrolled patients from 2005 to 2016. Total 72 patients (49 male, 23 female, mean age 54.5 years) were classified into three groups ; MT (n=28), AA (n=12), and AA+IL (n=32). GRBAS scales, maximum phonation time (MPT), jitter, shimmer, noise to harmonic ratio (NHR), and voice handicap index (VHI)-10 and VHI-30 were preoperatively and postoperatively collected and compared between the three groups. Results : Age, gender and cause of VFP were not significantly different between the three groups. In MT and AA groups, MPT, VHI, G (overall grade) and B (breathiness) were significantly improved. In AA+IL group, jitter, shimmer, NHR, MPT, VHI, G and B were significantly improved. In analysis of differences (pre-postoperative values), ${\Delta}$ jitter (p<0.001), ${\Delta}$ shimmer (p=0.031), and ${\Delta}$ NHR (p=0.002) were significantly different and AA+IL group showed the greatest improvement. Conclusion : Analysis of voice parameters showed that all the three procedures for patients with unilateral VFP are effective in the improvement of voice ; especially in MPT, VHI-10, G and B scales. Compared to the others, AA+IL provided the better acoustic values including jitter, shimmer and NHR.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.775-786
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• 2017

유사량 자료는 하천을 유지 관리하기 위하여 지속적으로 확보할 필요가 있다. 최근 해외에서는 유사량 자료 확보의 효율성 제고를 위해 초음파도플러유속계를 이용하여 간접적으로 유사량을 관측하는 연구가 시도되고 있다. 그러나, 기존 연구의 경우 주파수가 낮은 저주파 초음파도플러 유속계를 이용하여 대하천 및 실제 하천에서만 연구가 수행되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 3 MHz의 높은 주파수가 적용된 수평초음파도플러유속계(H-ADCP)를 유량과 유사량 통제가 가능한 실험수로에 적용하여 획득한 신호대잡음비(SNR)를 이용하여 입경에 따른 초음파의 반사특성을 규명하고, 대하천을 기반으로 개발된 신호대잡음비 보정 알고리즘의 적용성 검토를 실시하며, 보정된 신호대잡음비를 활용하여 실험수로 규모의 하천에서 유사량 측정 가능성을 검토하였다. 이를 위해, 레이저부유사측정기(LISST-100X)를 활용하여 실측 부유사농도 데이터를 획득하고 신호대잡음비와의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 또한, 수로 전 단면에 균일한 유사를 공급하기 위해 실험수로 규격에 맞게 유사공급장치를 제작하였으며, 초음파 반사특성 규명을 위해 입경이 다른 두 종류의 유사(Silt, Sand)를 활용하여 실험을 수행하였다. 기존 신호대잡음비 보정 알고리즘을 실험수로 측정결과에 대해 적용성 검토를 실시한 결과, 적절한 보정 결과를 보여 보정 알고리즘이 실험수로 규모에도 적용 가능함을 확인하였으며, 보정된 신호대잡음비와 부유사농도 사이의 상관관계 경향을 분석한 결과, 실트와 모래에 대해 전체적으로 일정한 연관성을 보여, 향후 추가적인 연구를 통해 신호대잡음비를 이용한 간접적인 유사량 관측이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.34-45
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• 2008

For the correct dietary habit and balanced dietary intake of aged people, the nutrition management that fits to the dietary behavior change stage has to be accomplished. In order to do so, in this paper, we chose 175 women that are aged more than 65 years old who are rural long life community residents and surveyed the dietary intake for 2 days including a twice depth interview and the 24 hour recall method. Also, for the sake of our aim, using the transtheoretical model, the dietary behavior change stage group was divided into the contemplation stage group, the preparation stage group, the action stage group and the maintenance stage group. The results are as follows: In the intake amount of protein (p < 0.01), vitamin $B_1$ (p < 0.05) and vitamin $B_6$ (p < 0.05), the intake amount of these nutrients in the action stage group and the maintenance stage group were significantly larger than the intake amount in the contemplation stage group and the preparation stage group. The nutrition evaluation according to the dietary behavior change stage, the ratio of subjects who took insufficient amount of energy, protein, vitamin A, and vitamin C were low as the dietary behavior change stage was upgraded. The subjects of maintenance stage group were most likely to consume vegetables more than once a day, and consume fruits and milk and milk products more than 5 times/week. MAR [13], MAR [10] and MAR [4] of subjects in the action stage group and the maintenance stage group were significantly higher than MAR [13], MAR [10] and MAR [4] of subjects in the contemplation stage group and the preparation stage group (p < 0.001). From the above results, there were differences of nutrient intakes according to the dietary behavior change stage. Therefore, it is considered that the intervention for the dietary behavior motivation induction has to be advanced before accomplishing the individually fitting intervention at the time of nutrient management intervention.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.695-705
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the appearance of having relationship between the exposure to lead and cadmium and the dental caries targeting adults in the Republic of Korea. Methods : The study was designed as a cross-sectional study, using the data of the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects as 1,966 people, who were confirmed the appearance of dental caries among 1,991 people of having been offered the heavy-metal concentration in blood. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 19.0, according to complex sampling design. Results : As a result of multi-variate analysis on factors of dental caries, in Model I without correction, the gender, age, educational level, appearance of lifelong smoking, daily toothbrushing frequency, appearance of using dental floss, and subjective oral health status were recognized as important factors. In Model II with correction of gender and age, the educational level, daily toothbrushing frequency, and subjective oral health status were recognized as statistically significant factors. In Model III with correction of all factors, the gender, age, educational level, appearance of using dental floss, and subjective oral health status were functioning as statistically significant factors. As a result of statistically analyzing relationship between the exposure to lead and cadmium and the dental caries targeting adults, it was analyzed that there is no significant correlation. However, in case of lead, the tendency of being grown the cross ratio of dental caries could be examined in model I, which didn't correct disturbance factor, model II, which corrected gender and age, and model III, which corrected all variables of disturbance factor. Conclusions : The exposure to lead and cadmium was indicated to have no relationship with adults' dental caries. However, a continuous research of relationship was considered to be necessary by using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which is surveyed in the future.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.667-680
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• 2018

이 연구에서는 온라인 주석시스템을 이용한 과학교과서 독해 과정에서 학생들이 동료들에게 요청한 지식의 종류, 학생들이 동료들에게 제공한 지식의 정확성, 지식공유행동의 빈도, 협력적 독해의 효과성에 대한 학생들의 평가, 그리고 동료 간 신뢰의 정도를 조사하였다. 중학교 2학년 241명의 학생이 과학 교과서의 2개 대단원을 온라인 주석시스템을 이용하여 작성한 주석(질문과 답변)을 Bloom의 개정된 분류틀과 답변의 정확성 분석틀을 이용하여 분석하였다. 또 효과성 설문지, 인지기반 신뢰와 정서기반 신뢰 측정 도구를 사용하였다. 학생들이 교과서를 읽으면서 만든 질문의 80%는 '이해 질문'이었고, 이 유형의 질문은 개인의 독해를 위한 메타인지 전략과 유사하였다. 이러한 요구에 의해 학생들 간에 공유한 지식은 71%가 과학적으로 올바른 지식이었다. 지식공유행동의 빈도를 살펴보면 학생들은 온라인 주석시스템을 이용한 독해과정에서 활발하게 지식공유행동을 수행하였으나, 행동의 빈도는 보상에 크게 영향을 받는 것으로 보인다. 학생들은 온라인 주석시스템을 통해 수행한 지식공유행위가 학습에 도움이 되었다고 평가하였다. 또한 학생들끼리 서로를 지식공유자로서 신뢰하는 비율은 80% 이상으로 나타났다. 이 연구를 통해 온라인 주석 시스템을 사용하여 독해를 하였을 때 학생들이 지식공유를 함으로써 독해과정에서 발생한 어려움을 극복할 수 있었음을 알 수 있다. 또한 온라인 주석 시스템을 사용한 협력적 독해는 일방향적인 정보전달에 그쳤던 기존의 교과서 읽기와 달리, 쌍방향적이고 역동적으로 지식을 공유하게 함으로써 인지적 개별화 교육이 가능하도록 함을 확인하였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2012

Dimensions, operation conditions and improvement items for round roof windows were investigated in arch shape single-span plastic greenhouse with roof vents, and natural ventilation performance was analyzed based on the ventilation theory. Diameter of round roof windows was mostly 60 cm, and chimney height projected on roof was average 30 cm. Installation space was mostly 5 to 6 m but farmhouse of 10 m and over was 16.7% also. A round roof window which has 60 cm diameter was installed to 6 m space generally and 80 cm diameter was installed to 10 m space, but correct standards did not exist. There were a lot of opinions that ventilation effect of round roof windows is fairly good and user satisfaction is generally excellent. It is problem that there is few effects in summer and that vinyl around each vent tears well and rainwater leaks, and improvement hope item required development of automatic control system. In the wind speed of 0.3 m/s, it was estimated that natural ventilation rates were 0.69, 0.55, 0.50 and 0.48 volumes per minute in case of 2, 4, 6 and 8 m installation space for round roof windows, respectively. It was analyzed that the ratio of ventilation due to buoyancy out of total ventilation were 65.2, 41.9, 29.9 and 22.8% in case of 2, 4, 6 and 8m installation space, respectively. By the round roof windows installed at space of 6 m, ventilation rate was estimated to 0.5 volumes per minute, and we can expect the increase in ventilation rate of 30%. In order to meet the recommended ventilation rate for summer season, we have to install the round roof windows at space of 1 to 2 m. However, it is difficult to apply those installation space because of falling productivity due to lower light transmittance as well as rising costs. It is estimated that the installation space of 6m is appropriate for spring or fall season. Therefore it is necessary to encourage installing the roof windows in single-span plastic greenhouses.