• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제10권
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• pp.157-191
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• 1983

The purpose of the study is to build a general cost a counting model for university libraries, to clarify the possible areas of its a n.0, pplication by employing job cost accounting and process cost accounting methods. System analysis is performed as to the fields of acquisition, processing (cataloging & classification), and book shelving system. The existing operation processes and time required for each operation of these three systems are analyzed, from which detailed system flowcharts were drawn and job descriptions and the content of job were identified. The results of the study can be summarized as follows: (1) The processing time of one book in each systems: Oriental books. a. Acquisition system. the time required the time required in case of job cost case of job cost accounting after purchasing, 8 min. 21 sec. the time required in case of process cost accounting 15 min. 7 sec. b. Processing system. the time required for non-duplicate, 34 min. 40 sec. the time required for duplicate, 8 min. 49 sec. the time required for purchasing of more than the time required two copies at a time. 4 min. 44 sec. c. Book shelving system. the time required. 1 min. 43 sec. Western books. a. Acquisition system the required in case of job cost accounting, 9 min. 1 sec. the time required in case of process cost accounting. 15 min. 7 sec. b. Processing system. the time required for non-duplicate, 32 min. 58 sec. the time required for duplicate, 9 min. 26 sec. the time required for purchasing of more than two copies at a time. 5 min. 33 sec. c. Book shelving system. the time required. 1 min. 43 sec. (2) Total sum of processing time and processing cost per book. Oriental books (including material cost) the time required. cost. a. non-duplicate, 51 min. 30 sec. 2, 791 won b. duplicate, 25 min. 39 sec. 1, 580 won c. purchasing of more than two copies as a time, 21 min. 34 sec. 1, 368 won Western books(including material cost) a. non-duplicate, 49 min. 48 sec. 3, 189 won b. duplicate, 26 min. 16 sec. 1, 846 won c. purchasing of more than two copies at a time. 22 min. 23 sec. 1, 388 won

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2018

Purpose - Korean women suffered from serious experience at unfair personnel practice in the work and coexistence between work and home affairs. The study examined woman workers' career plateau perception and success who worked for local public enterprises, that is to say, regional public corporation invested by local government, and investigated mediating effect of dual commitment as well as control effect of self-efficacy from point of view of various access to variables. Research design, data, and methodology - The study investigated women employees of regional public corporation by empirical analysis. The author collected 337 copies from 380 copies and made use of 325 copies after excluding copies with improper answer. SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0 were used. Results - The study investigated effect of career plateau (structure and content) upon subjective career success (job satisfaction and career commitment) according to questionnaire material: First, not only structural plateau but also content career plateau had negative influence upon dual commitment (structure and career). Second, dual commitment had positive influence upon subjective career success from point of view of organizational commitment and career commitment. Third, structural career plateau had positive influence upon career success, and content career plateau had positive influence upon job satisfaction. Fourth, structural career plateau did not have significant influence upon job satisfaction, content career plateau and career satisfaction. Fifth, subordinate variables (organizational commitment and career commitment) had mediating influence upon career plateau cognition and subjective career success. Sixth, self efficacy did not control career plateau cognition and subjective career success. Conclusions - Women employee's career plateau cognition mediated dual commitment to have influence upon career success and to be likely to help career success theory study. Career plateau had negative influence upon dual commitment and career success of women workers. The study shall give base of counteraction from point of view of control and motivation of women workers thinking of career plateau.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1128-1133
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• 2010

The diversity and abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in activated sludge were compared using PCR-DGGE and real-time PCR assays. Activated sludge samples were collected from five different types of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) mainly treating textile, paper, food, and livestock wastewater or domestic sewage. The composition of total bacteria determined by PCR-DGGE was highly diverse between the samples, whereas the community of AOB was similar across all the investigated activated sludge. Total bacterial numbers and AOB numbers in the aerated mixed liquor were in the range of $1.8{\times}10^{10}$ to $3.8{\times}10^{12}$ and $1.7{\times}10^6$ to $2.7{\times}10^{10}$ copies/l, respectively. Activated sludge from livestock, textile, and sewage treating WWTPs contained relatively high amoA gene copies (more than $10^5$ copies/l), whereas activated sludge from food and paper WWTPs revealed a low number of the amoA gene (less than $10^3$ copies/l). The value of the amoA gene copy effectively showed the difference in composition of bacteria in different activated sludge samples and this was better than the measurement with the AOB 16S rRNA or total 16S rRNA gene. These results suggest that the quantification of the amoA gene can help monitor AOB and ammonia oxidation in WWTPs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1193-1201
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• 2012

The analysis and quantification of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) is crucial, as they initiate the biological removal of ammonia-nitrogen from sewage. Previous methods for analyzing the microbial community structure, which involve the plating of samples or culture media over agar plates, have been inadequate because many microorganisms found in a sewage plant are unculturable. In this study, to exclusively detect AOB, the analysis was carried out via denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis using a primer specific to the amoA gene, which is one of the functional genes known as ammonia monooxygenase. An AOB consortium (S1 sample) that could oxidize an unprecedented 100% of ammonia in 24 h was obtained from sewage sludge. In addition, real-time PCR was used to quantify the AOB. Results of the microbial community analysis in terms of carbon utilization ability of samples showed that the aeration tank water sample (S2), influent water sample (S3), and effluent water sample (S4) used all the 31 substrates considered, whereas the AOB consortium (S1) used only Tween 80, D-galacturonic acid, itaconic acid, D-malic acid, and $_L$-serine after 192 h. The largest concentration of AOB was detected in S1 ($7.6{\times}10^6copies/{\mu}l$), followed by S2 ($3.2{\times}10^6copies/{\mu}l$), S4 ($2.8{\times}10^6copies/{\mu}l$), and S3 ($2.4{\times}10^6copies/{\mu}l$).

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.335-343
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• 2009

교차큐브는 병렬처리 시스템의 상호연결망으로서 널리 알려진 하이퍼큐브와 많은 면에서 비슷하면서도 절반 정도의 지름을 가지는 등 개선된 망 성질들을 가지므로 각광 받아 왔다. 크기 $4{\times}2^m$인 메쉬의 복사본 두 개, 혹은 크기 $8{\times}2^m$인 메쉬의 복사본 네 개가 교차큐브에 연장율 1, 확장율 1로 임베딩 될 수 있음이 알려져 있다.[Dong, Yang, Zhao, and Tang, 2008]. 그러나 양변의 길이가 모두 8 보다 큰 메쉬 다수 개가 교차큐브에 연장율 1, 확장율 1로 임베딩될 수 있는지는 알려진 바가 없다. 이 논문에서는 크기 $2^n{\times}2^m$인 메쉬의 복사본 $2^{n-1}$개가 교차큐브에 연장율 1, 확장율 1로 임베딩될 수 있음을 보인다. $n{\geq}1$, $m{\geq}3$. 이 연구 결과는 연장율과 확장율이라는 주요 임베딩 측정 척도에서 최적이다. 또한 이 연구 결과는 메쉬 구조를 가지는 다수 개의 작업을 교차큐브 구조를 가지는 병렬 컴퓨터에 할당하는데 효과적으로 활용될 수 있다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.156-164
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• 2008

This study analyzed the effect of the environment of cooking education institutes on students' study satisfaction and re-registration in Busan, in order to provide those students with good education environment and useful information. The survey was conducted from March 25th to April 11th, 2008. 300 copies of the questionnaire were distributed and 293 copies were returned, among which 270 copies(unsuitable 23 copies were excluded from the analysis) were included as reliable statistical data for analysis. To figure out the result, frequency analysis, reliability verification(Cronbach's Alph), factor analysis and regression analysis were employed in this study. Analyzed factors included cooking environment factor, education service factor, additional factor and lecturer's attitude factor. For the regression analysis to find out the effect of cooking education environment factor on study satisfaction and re-registration, it was found that cooking environment factor, education service factor, additional factor and lecturer's attitude factor had significant effect on study satisfaction and re-registration, which meant that the assumptions 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were adopted in this analysis. For the regression analysis to find out the effect of the satisfaction for the environment of cooking education institutes on re-registration, it was found that study satisfaction had significant effects on re-registration and the assumption 6 was adopted. Through this study, it was suggested that the satisfaction and re-registration of cooking education institutes were influenced by all factors, especially for cooking environment and education service. Thus, it is necessary to improve the old environment for cooking education and cooking education programs. Also, continuous study should be conducted to secure potential customers in the future.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.653-661
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• 2012

High-availability seamless redundancy (HSR) is a redundancy protocol for Ethernet networks that provides two frame copies for each frame sent. Each copy will pass through separate physical paths, pursuing zero fault recovery time. This means that even in the case of a node or a link failure, there is no stoppage of network operations whatsoever. HSR is a potential candidate for the communications of a smart grid, but its main drawback is the unnecessary traffic created due to the duplicated copies of each sent frame, which are generated and circulated inside the network. This downside will degrade network performance and might cause network congestion or even stoppage. In this paper, we present two approaches to solve the above-mentioned problem. The first approach is called quick removing (QR), and is suited to ring or connected ring topologies. The idea is to remove the duplicated frame copies from the network when all the nodes have received one copy of the sent frame and begin to receive the second copy. Therefore, the forwarding of those frame copies until they reach the source node, as occurs in standard HSR, is not needed in QR. Our example shows a traffic reduction of 37.5%compared to the standard HSR protocol. The second approach is called the virtual ring (VRing), which divides any closed-loop HSR network into several VRings. Each VRing will circulate the traffic of a corresponding group of nodes within it. Therefore, the traffic in that group will not affect any of the other network links or nodes, which results in an enhancement of traffic performance. For our sample network, the VRing approach shows a network traffic reduction in the range of 67.7 to 48.4%in a healthy network case and 89.7 to 44.8%in a faulty network case, compared to standard HSR.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2006

Purpose: This study analyzed the amount of stress and the different effects according to the working times(hours) of a week in two groups: more than 40 hours a week and less than 40 hours a week. Method: The study was conducted from November 1st 2005 to December 15th 2005. The purpose of the study has already been explained in the experiment objectives. 20 copies of evaluation forms were sent by mail to 50 different health sections of participating work sites. A total of 1,000 copies were sent out and 870 were sent back. Within the forms, sent back 120 copies had insufficient data, so 750 copies of evaluation forms were analyzed. Result: Working stress for under 40 hours of working time showed a total of 46.10 points and 47.18 for over 40 hours of working time. For over 40 hours, job demand and occupational climate was high and under 40 hours showed a high rate of job control. For under 40 hours of working time, the factors that caused stress were female, irregular diet habit, age of 30's, nonmanufacturing, and single. For over 40 hours of working time, the factors that causes stress were age of over 40, when the number of employees is 500~999, high rate of fatigue, when the position of the employee is higher then section chief, and when the work amount is high. Conclusion: The stress rate showed significantly higher in over 40 hours of working time. Therefore, adequate working hour distribution and health promotion programs are needed. The factors that cause stress in both under and over 40 hours of working time differed. Therefore, a distinguished program to control work stress for additional working time is needed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.1398-1403
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• 2016

The simultaneous detection and accurate identification of hepatitis A virus (HAV) is critical in food safety and epidemiological studies to prevent the spread of HAV outbreaks. Towards this goal, a one-step duplex reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR method was developed targeting the VP1/P2B and VP3/VP1 regions of the HAV genome for the qualitative detection of HAV. An HAV RT-qPCR standard curve was produced for the quantification of HAV RNA. The detection limit of the duplex RT-PCR method was 2.8 × 10¹ copies of HAV. The PCR products enabled HAV genotyping analysis through DNA sequencing, which can be applied for epidemiological investigations. The ability of this duplex RT-PCR method to detect HAV was evaluated with HAV-spiked samples of fresh lettuce, frozen strawberries, and oysters. The limit of detection of the one-step duplex RT-PCR for each food model was 9.4 × 10² copies/20 g fresh lettuce, 9.7 × 10³ copies/20 g frozen strawberries, and 4.1 × 10³ copies/1.5 g oysters. Use of a one-step duplex RT-PCR method has advantages such as shorter time, decreased cost, and decreased labor owing to the single amplification reaction instead of four amplifications necessary for nested RT-PCR.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.435-442
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• 2021

본 연구는 운동재활프로그램 참여자의 건강인지, 주관적 삶의 질, 운동지속의사의 관계를 검증하기 위하여 수도권 소재 병원 및 스포츠센터 등에 재활의 목적으로 운동프로그램에 참여하는 사람을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 조사는 센터의 협조를 통하여 연구자가 목적 및 설문에 대한 정보를 상세히 설명하고, 동의 후 총 228부 중 신뢰성이 없다고 판단한 24부를 제외한 204부를 대상으로 하였다. 수집된 자료는 빈도분석, 기술통계, 요인분석과 신뢰도 분석을 실시하였으며, 잠재변인 간 관계 파악을 위해 상관분석과 회귀분석을 적용하였다. 분석한 결과 운동재활프로그램 참여자의 건강인지의 정도와 주관적 삶의 질, 운동지속의 관계에는 유의미한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 건강인지의 수준을 높일 수 있는 방안이 필요하며, 개인의 물리적 환경 및 사회적 환경을 고려한 후속연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.