• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.583-591
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to assess the diet diversity, food habit and nutrient intake of obese adults who were visiting the health promotion center. This study was accomplished with the 138 obese adults (men = 103, women= 35) aged over 20 years old whose BMI were above $25 kg/m^2$. Nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), the number of foods (Dietary Variety Score DVS), and food group consumed (Dietary Diversity Score, DDS) by using the data from the three days record were analyzed and the food habit and lifestyle were assessed by self reporting questionnaire. The average enemy intake of men was 2150.2 kcal which was significantly higher than that of women (p < 0.05). The intake ratio of carbohydrate, protein and fat over total energy was 54.8% : 19.3% : 25.8% in men, 59.5% : 17.8% : 22.6% in women respectively. Frequency of the breakfast in a week above 4, $2{\sim}3$ time and under one time was 75.7% 10.7% and 9.7% in men 77.1%, 5.7% and 14.3% in women respectively. frequency of eating between meals in a day under one time was 73.8% in men, 57.1% in women (p < 0.05). The average DDS and DVS was $3.63{\pm}0.07$ and $14.10 {\pm}3.45$, respectively which was significantly correlated with MAR (r=0.40 in DDS, r=0.64 in DVS, p < 0.01). The most frequent style of food pattern was DMGFV = 01101 in 35% of men, and DMGFV= 01111 in 37.1% of women. Our results show that dietary diversity and variety are useful parameters far evaluating nutrient intakes in obese adults. These findings suggest that nutritional education based on obese persons' eating behavior and eating diversity may be required to increase educational efficiency of weight control programs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2010

통보리 분쇄 사료를 급여 수준별로 5개 처리구(C:무처리구, T1: 10% 첨가, T2: 20%, T3: 30%, T4: 40% 첨가)를 두고, 비육후기 5개월 동안(각 처리 구별 6두, 총 30두 공시) 처리구별로 각각 급여한 후 48시간 육안 관찰 한 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 총 채식량(농후사료+조사료)은 T4 (9.96kg) > T1 (9.42kg) > C (9.22kg) > T3 (8.91kg) > T2 (8.51kg) 순으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 채식시간은 T4 > T3 > C > T1 > T2구 순이였으며 (P<0.01), 반추시간은 T4 > T1 > C > T3 > T2구 순으로 나타났다 (P<0.05). 그러나 휴식시간은 반추시간과 반대로 T2 > T1 > C > T3 > T4 순으로 나타났다(P<0.01). 채식시간과 반추시간을 합한 저작 시간은 T4 (392.5 min.) > T3 (331.4 min.) > C (329.4 min) > T1 (327.2 min) > T2 (276.3 min.) 순으로 나타났다(P<0.01). 식괴수, 총 저작수, 식괴당 저작수, 사료가치지수는 각각 190.9개, 9,129.4회, 47.8회, 39.4 (분/kg)으로 T4구가 가장 높게 나타났다(P<0.01). 식괴당 반추시간은 C구가 가장 높고 T3구가 가장 낮게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 분당 식괴수는 T3 가장 높고 C구가 가장 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 채식율과 저작효율은 T2구에서 가장 높았지만(P<0.01, 0.05), 반추효율에서는 T1구가 가장 높았다. 그리고 군 행동에서는 휴식(78.5%) > 반추(11.4%) > 채식(10.1%)순으로, 군 행동 중 서서 휴식은 T3 > C > T2 >T1 >T4 구 순으로 높게 나타났다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.117-122
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of colors of feed-trough on the eating behaviour of pullets. A total of 64 12wks old pullets were assigned to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design with 4 treatments(control, blue, yellow, red colored feed-troughs). The results of the study are summarized as follows: 1. Average daily gain and eed intake of the pullets were significantly(P<0.05) decreased with red color feed-troughs. 2. Feed conversion ratio appeared to be improved in the yellow color group compared to the others. 3. Total time spent for eating were not significantly different, among treatments.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.290-297
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• 2013

본 연구는 버섯재배부산물, 재활용가금깔개, 미강 및 straw로 구성되는 BF 사일리지 급여가 육성 거세한우의 행동양상에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 시험에 사용한 공시 한우는 11개월령 총 10두(평균 301.7 kg)를 2처리로 배치하였으며, 이 때 대조구(볏짚 자유채식)와 처리구(BF silage 자유채식)로 하여 48시간 행동관찰을 실시하였다. 대조구와 비교해서 BF 사일리지 급여구는 총 DM 섭취량과 NDF 섭취량이 각각 30% 및 36% 높았고, 채식시간, 반추시간 및 저작시간은 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 식괴수, 식괴당 반추시간에 있어서도 유의적 차이가 없었고, 식괴당 저작수와 FVI는 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 또한 대조구와 비교해서 BF 사일리지 급여구는 배뇨 회수가 높고(p<0.05), 음수 및 배분 회수에 있어서는 상호간에 차이가 없었고, 채식율, 반추효율 및 저작효율에 있어서는 더 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과로 볼 때, BF 사일리지 급여는 볏짚과 비교 시 육성거세한우의 반추행동 상 큰 차이가 없다는 결과로 미루어 볼 때 차후 볏짚 대용으로 활용하여도 좋을 것으로 사료되었다. 즉 입자도가 큰 straw를 peNDF를 충족시키는 최소량을 혼합하여 부산물사료 사일리지를 제조, 급여하였을 때 육성거세한우의 반추행동은 볏짚 급여 시와 차이가 없었다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.465-477
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of breakfast characteristics of university students on their self-regulated learning, attentional control, and fatigue in order to provide-basic data for establishing desirable eating habits, self-regulated learning skills using attentional control, and advisable learning habits of university students. Method: The level of fatigue was estimated using the Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Critical flicker frequency (CFF). Attentional control was measured using the Attentional Control Questionnaire (ACQ) adapted by Yoon. Self-regulated learning was surveyed by the Self-Regulated Learning Test developed by Chung. Data from atotal of 142 university students were collected from November 30 to December 9, 2011. Result: 69% of the subjects skipped their breakfast. Attentional control has a negative correlation with fatigue (r=-.179, p=.033) and a positive correlation with self-regulated learning (r=.352, p<.001). The multiple regression model of self-regulated learning consists of attentional control (t=3.218, p=.002), commuting time (t=-3.076, p=.003), understanding the importance of breakfast (t=-2.413, p=.008), and skipping breakfast(t=-2.195, p=.030) and its R-square was 21.8%. Conclusion: Learning efficiency of university students should be improved by means of attentional control, which is related to self-regulated learning. Also, it is essential for university students to establish healthy lifestyles including regular eating habits and attentional control, in order to improve their self-regulated learning.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.375-382
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• 2015

Objectives: This study examined the influence of different sizes of spoons (normal spoon, 8.3 cc vs small spoon, 4 cc) on eating rate, energy intake and the satiety levels of female college students. Methods: Twenty four healthy female college students participated in this study once a week for 2 weeks. Two hundred ten grams of cooked rice and 250 g of beef shank soup with a normal spoon and same amount of rice and soup with a small size spoon were served to the same participants over two consecutive weeks. After each lunch, the eating rate, energy intake, and the satiety levels were measured. Results: Results showed that the subjects who were using a small spoon ate less beef shank soup (149.0 kcal) (p < 0.01) and had lower total energy intake (423.3 kcal) (p < 0.05) than using a normal spoon (178.7 and 461.1 kcal, respectively). Also, the meal time (15.7 min) (p < 0.01), a serving per one spoon (8.6 g) (p < 0.001), and eating rate (27.9 g/min) (p < 0.001) of those who used a small spoon were significantly different than that of those who used a normal spoon (13.6 min, 12.5 g and 35.7 g/min, respectively). However, despite consuming less energy at lunch, the level of satiety after eating from the small spoon was not significantly different from the normal spoon immediately after, 1 hour after and 2 hour after lunch. Conclusions: Our results revealed that students were able to control their eating rate by using a small spoon and they could feel full enough even though they eat less. In conclusion, eating rate decrease by using a small spoon may play an important role in food intake.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.143-156
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• 2009

This study was performed in order to investigate the difference of general environment, life style, dietary behavior and food habit between the obese children and normal children. The number of subject was 98 obese children, 347 normal children. General characteristic was not significantly different, however father's BMI of obese children was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of normal children. There was significant difference between obese children and normal children in mother's office-closing hour (p<0.05). Normal children spent more time to play outdoor than obese children in their free time. Normal children slept over 8 hours, but obese children slept below 8 hours. Most of obese children (70.4%) ate too many times and most of obese children (72.4%) recognized their overweight. Parents of obese children considered that their children need to control their weight and correct their eating habits such as overeating. Obese children could not bear hunger and kept eating a meal until they feel full. Obese children preferred fried or broiled food. Therefore nutritional education is necessary to improve the food habits of obese children and to reduce the obesity rate of children.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.183-196
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• 2019

Objectives: College is an important time for students to establish their identity as an independent subjects and develop a foundation to maintain a healthy adulthood. However, after female students become college students, their eating habits are likely to become more irregular and they may experience various health problems because of excessive weight control. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the dietary behaviors and blood clinical indices of female college students by residence types. Methods: A total of 374 subjects were classified as home group, self-boarding group or boarding group according to residence type. Dietary habits, frequency of food intake, and eating attitudes were examined through questionnaires and anthropometric measurements and blood clinical indices were analyzed. Results: The meal most frequently skipped by female college students was breakfast, and the frequency of skipping breakfast was significantly lower in the home group than other groups. Most college students recognized that their eating habits had worsened since becoming college students, with the self-boarding group in particular feeling that their eating habits changed negatively. The consumption frequencies of protein foods, fruits, dairy products, seaweed, and fatty meats were significantly lower in the self-boarding group than other groups. The home group ate food cut into smaller pieces, while the self-boarding group tried new and rich foods. Residence types did not affect blood clinical indices. Conclusions: The self-boarding group had inadequate dietary habits compared to the home group. Although residence type did not affect the blood clinical indices, the students still had poor dietary habits. Therefore, proper nutrition education is needed to improve the nutritional status of college students, especially those that self-board.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.101-110
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• 1992

We investigated each 50 students in the primary school its 1st year student(boys & girls) on the conditions of oral hygiene between urban and rural children centering around the dental caries. The purpose of this study is to promote national oral health and to offer the basic data on the oral health level of community. We got conclusion as follows : 1. Sex : The prevalence rate of dental caries between the rural and urban children showed high to the urban children. 2. Education Level of Parents : When the educational background of father is high, the prevalence rate of dental caries showed high(P<0.01). The educational background of mother has not influenced on the prevalence rate. 3. Economic Level of Home : When the economic level of home is high, the prevalence rate of dental caries is high(P<0.01). 4. Intake Frequency of Eating Between Meals : The average intake frequency of eating between meals a day of urban children was $2.3{\pm}0.76times$, the average intake frequency of eating between males a day of urban children was $2.79{\pm}0.82times$(P<0.01). 5. Brushing Frequency : The average brushing a day of rural children was $2.48{\pm}0.82times$, urban children was $2.34{\pm}0.71times$, and when the brushing frequency is high, the prevalence rate of dental caries showed low(P<0.01). 6. Brushing Time : The rural children and urban children had no difference, but brushing time had influenced on the prevalence rate(P<0.01). 7. Kinds of Drinking Water: The kinds of drinking water had not influenced on the prevalence rate of dental caries. 8. Amount of Pocket Money : The urban children is the more amount of pocket money than the rural, when the amount of pocket money is lots, the prevalence rate of dental caries showed high(P<0.01). 9. Average Intake Frequency a day for the caries food of eating between meals of rural children was 2.91 times and urban children was 3.47 times. The average intake frequency a day for the caries food of eating between meals had influenced on the prevalence rate dental caries. In the point of view for the oral health, the urban children is bad than the rural children in the actual conditions of intake. The education of oral health for parents has demanded, the necessity of oral control for the children of the improvement effectively as the methods to maintain the oral health level.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.411-427
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• 2013

To investigate the comparison of dietary status and health behaviors according to obesity, 239 male workers were selected and classified as normal (18.5-22.9 27.2%), overweight (23-24.9, 37.7%), and obese (25-29.9, 35.2%) by body mass index ($kg/m^2$). The SAS (ver. 9.2) program was used and verified by the chi-square and f-value methods. Drinking frequency(2-3 times a week) was higher in normal males(45.3%), but not as high as in obese males (48.1%) (p<0.001). Smoking frequency and amount were the highest in overweight males, but not-quit-smoking was high in obese males(51.9%) (p<0.001). Exercise time was longer in normal males(108 minutes) than other groups(69 overweight males, and 82 obese males (p<0.01). Obese groups(73.8%) slept well (p<0.001), but overweight males(44.4%) showed less than 6 hours of sleep (p<0.01). Meal frequency differed by group(two meals a day 67.7% in normal males (p<0.001), no-snack 65.5% in obese males(p<0.001). The frequency of eating-out was once a day in normal males (38.5%), differed in the eating-out time (lunch(45.8%) in normal males, dinner in overweight males(52.1%) and obese males(59.5%) (p<0.01). Korean food (49.3%) was selected, but noodle differed by group(10.2% normal 21.5% obese (p<0.01). Self-perception of body differed from the body's actual condition(p<0.001). For weight control, exercise(56.4%) was practiced more than diet(18.6%). Nutrition knowledge was poor (correct answer rate was 36.7% in normal males, 41.7% in overweight males, and 46.7% in obese males). For eating attitudes, obese males answered more in "flexible to change eating habits", "supplemented when poor eating"(p<0.001), normal responded in "impact on nutrition to health", "try new food for health"(p<0.01). From these results, it is evident that male workers, especially overweight ones, must work to learn more about health and nutrition so as to combat chronic diseases.