• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.355-364
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• 2000

This study was to find dental materials causing hypersensitivity reactions by carrying out patch tests in the patients with oral mucosal lesions to investigate the possibility of hypersensitivity reactions in etiology of oral mucosal lesions. 31 patients (female 26, male 5, age range 24-72 years) with oral mucosal lesions were classified as patient group, and 41 volunteers (female 24, male 17, age range 23-40 years) without oral mucosal lesion, systemic disease and history of allergy as control group. The obtained results were as follows: 1. There were various dental restorations in most of patient group and control group, 29(94%) in 31 patient group, 35(85%) in 41 control group. 2. Among sites of oral mucosal lesions, buccal mucosa was the most common site with 60%, followed by gingiva with 24%, tongue with 16%. Lesions in contact with restorations were highly 90% in tongue and 89% in buccal mucosa, but comparatively lower 53% in gingiva. 3. The ratio of positive reactions to the patch test in patient group was significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05). 4. Dental materials causing positive reactions to the patch test were mainly mercury(19%), potassium dichromate(16%), cobalt chloride(16%) in patient group, cobalt chloride(17%) in control group. 5. In 20 patients with lichen planus, 8 patients(40%) showed positive reactions to the patch test.

• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.176-180
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• 2001

In this papers, we derive a simple kinematic and dynamic formulation of an unmanned electric bicycle. We also check the controllability of the stabilization problem of bicycle. We propose a new control algorithm for the self stabilization of unmanned bicycle with bounded wheel speed and steering angle by using nonlinear control based on the sliding patch and stuck phenomena which was introduced by W. Ham. We also propose a sort of optimal control strategy for steering angle and driving wheel speed that make the length of bicycle\`s path be the shortest. From the computer simulation results, we prove the validity of the proposed control algorithm.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.328-333
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• 2005

Paenibacillus elgii SD17 (KCTC $10016BP^T$=NBRC $100335^T$) was recently reported as a new species. Based on its inhibitory activity to Thanatephorus cucumeris AG1-1, strain SD17 was further evaluated for its potential as a biocontrol agent against soil-borne diseases of turf grasses in Korea. P. elgii SD17 showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity in vitro test and suppressed development of turf grass diseases; Pythium blight caused by Pythium aphanidermatum and brown patch caused by T. cucumeris AG1-1 on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris) in the growth chamber tests. Under a condition for massive culture in a 5,000 L fermenter, P. elgii SD17 reached $6.4{\times}10^8$ spores/ml that resulted in approximately $1.0{\times}10^7$ cfu/g when formulated into a granule formulation (GR) using the whole culture broth instead of water. Using the GR formulation, biocontrol activity of P. elgii SD17 was confirmed. In the growth chamber tests, the GR formulation was effective against brown patch and Pythium blight with similar level of disease severity compared to each of the standard fungicides at the application rates of 10 g/$m^2$ or above. In the field tests, compared to each untreated control, the GR formulation also effectively controlled Pythium blight, brown patch and large patch at all the application rates of 5, 10 and 20 g/$m^2$, respectively, without significant response by the application rates. However its performance was inferior to each of the standard chemical fungicides. Based on these results, we consider this GR formulation of P. elgii SD17 as an effective biocontol agent to suppress Pythium blight, brown patch and large patch of turf grasses in Korea.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.613-617
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• 2004

This paper presents an experimental study on vibration characteristics of an automotive roof with viscoelastic material. The goal of the study is to extract modal parameters (natural frequency, loss factor, and mode shape) of automotive roof with unconstrained and constrained layer damping treatment. To determine the effective position of the viscoelastic patch on a roof, vibration tests have been carried out for two cases; Aluminum plate with viscoelastic patch on maximum strain energy, and aluminum plate with viscoelastic patch on nodal line. From the result of aluminum plate, it is found that the viscoelastic patch should be attached on the Place with maximum strain energy Part. For the automotive root five Patches of unconstrained or constrained viscoelastic material have been attached on the position of maximum strain energy. This paper addresses that the proper position of viscoelastic patch is very important and the concept of maximum strain energy may be a good criterion f3r the placement of viscoelastic patch.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.793-799
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• 2018

An improved design of Ultra Wide Band(UWB) Bow-Tie antenna, which can control an enhanced wide stop-band, is presented. The mutually coupled slot-pair improves and controls the rejection band. The UWB antenna is composed of an electromagnetically coupled Bow-Tie patch and a parasitic ground patch, whose working frequency is extended to full UWB range in this work. By adding slot-pairs on the main patch and optimizing, they can give any requested wide rejection bands and sharp skirt characteristics, as is often required for UWB antennas and multi-band antennas. All the parameters are precisely calculated by an adequate optimization method. The Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) technique is appropriately adopted. The proposed design and method is proved to give and control the sharp-skirt wide stop-band to UWB Bow-Tie antennas.

• 셀메드
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.10.1-10.6
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• 2012

Acupuncture works by stimulating peripheral sensory nerves and their endings causing an increase in cutaneous blood flow and microcirculation, as well as release of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and hormones. SP6 Patch is a nanoscale nontransdermal device that mildly stimulates Stomach 36 (zusanli) and other acupuncture points. As stimulation of these points has been indicated to have an effect on hypothalamic function, it is of great research interest to investigate the effect of SP6 Patch on the physiology of organs that are affected by hypothalamic regulation. Bioelectrical tissue impedance data indicative of cellular physiologic organ function, using an Electro Interstitial Scan (EIS) system, were acquired from hypothalamus, pancreas, liver, intestines, kidneys, thyroid and adrenal glands in 10 (1 male, 9 females) volunteers while wearing the SP6 Patch daily for 1 week. EIS testing was performed at baseline with no patch, 30 min after wearing the patch, and after wearing the patch 12 h/day for 1 week. Subjects were instructed to keep well hydrated during the study period. All subjects served as their own control. The hypothesis was: The SP6 Patch worn 12 h/day on the Stomach 36 acupuncture point for 1 week, may significantly improve cellular physiologic functional status of different organs measured by EIS. All tested organs achieved significant improvement in their functional physiologic status after wearing the SP6 Pach 12 h/day for 1 week compared to baseline with an overall average statistical power > 89%. Based upon these results the hypothesis was accepted as true.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.194-197
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• 1989

Epidural morphine provides excellent analgesia for the management of postoperative pain, but nausea and vomiting are a commonly reported side effect. Scopolamine, a belladona alkaloid, is an effective antiemetic when nausea is induced by morphine. Transdermal scopolamine patches have the advantage of delivering a constant low dosage of the drug over a prolonged period. To evaluate the efficacy of prophylacitic transdermal scopolamine in reducing nausea or vomiting associated with postoperative epidural morphine analgesia, I studied 60 healthy adult patients. The patients were divided into 3 groups, each group consisting of 20 patients. Group 1; no scopolamine for control Group 2; transdermal scopolamine placebo patch Group 3; transdermal scopolamine patch All patients were anesthetized by epidural injection of 2% lidocaine 15 ml and 0.5% bupivacaine 10 ml with morphine 4 mg. A Comparison with the control group, the placebo group, and Group 3, indicated, that the transdermal scopolamine reduced the incidence of nausea or vomiting associated with postoperative epidural morphine analgesia (group 1; 35%, group 2; 25%, group 3; 10%). However there were no statistically significant differences between groups at a level of p>0.05.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2004년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(1)
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• pp.197-200
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• 2004

In this paper, a novel triple-band planar inverted F antenna(PIFA) is proposed. The goal of this paper is to design a small antenna which is operated in triple band. Using T-shape slit and stacked U-shape parasitic patch, good impedance matching is achieved in three band. T-shape slit is inserted on the main patch in order to effectively control the excited patch surface current distributions. The proposed antenna occupies a small volume of $26{\times}9.5{\times}6mm^3$, and the obtained impedance bandwidths cover the required operating bandwidths of the GPS(1565-1585MHz), IMT-2000(1885-2200MHz) and Bluetooth (2400-2484MHz) bands.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.34-42
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• 2001

In this paper, we study on a modified mesh generation method based on the pollution error estimate. This method is designed for the control of the pollution error in any patch of elements of interest. It is a well-known fact that the pollution error estimates are much more than the local one. Reliable a posteriori error estimation is possible by controlling the pollution error in the patch through proper design of the mesh outside the patch. This design is possible by equally distributing the pollution error indicators over the mesh outside the patch. The conventional feedback pollution-adaptive mesh generation algorithm needs many iterations. Therefore, the solution time is significant. But we use the remeshing scheme in the proposed method. We will also show that the pollution error reduces less than the local error.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.178-182
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• 1996

Background: To evaluate the effect of prophylactic transdermal scopolamine in reducing nausea associated with postoperative epidural morphine. Methods: 30 healthy patients scheduled for cesarean section were given local anesthetics epidurally for surgical anesthesia. After delivery of the baby, transdermal scopolamine patch($Kimite^{(R)}$ Myung Moon Pharm. Co., Seoul, Korea) was applied to the study group(n=15) and placebo patch to the control group(n=15). Postoperative analgesia was provided soley with epidural morphine. Nausea was treated with metoclopramide. Results: During 24 hours postoperatively, the mean nausea score was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group. But the nausea incidence was not significantly different between the two groups. The mean number of times antiemetic drugs which were administered to patients were lower in the study group than in the control group($1.5{\pm}0.5$ vs $3.3{\pm}1.3$, p<0.05). Conclusion: Transdermal scopolamine patch provides antiemetic effect simply, continuously and safely, preventing nausea which could occur during administration of epidural morphine after cesarean section.