• Journal of Climate Change Research
• /
• v.2 no.4
• /
• pp.309-316
• /
• 2011

The study evaluated the loss rate of carbon dioxide, which is the prevalent greenhouse gas, according to the method of keeping specimens using standard gases. In order to examine the difference generated by a bag of storing specimens, it checked the loss rate according to concentration and time by making a 2nd set of standard gases in a Tedlar bag and an Aluminium bag. The containers lost gases at a rate of 5% or more after 6 day, and 10% or more after 15 days in both bags. In time, it was confirmed that the loss rate of the Aluminium bag was higher than that of the Tedlar bag. Specifically, there was no significant difference between the two bags after 12 days had passed, but by the 15th day, it was confirmed that the loss in an Aluminium bag was more severe than that in the Tedlar bag. The study went on to check the relations between the humidity in storage and the loss rate. The results showed that there was no significant effect of humidity on the loss rate until 72 hours had passed, when the loss rate in the Tedlar bag with high humidity was about 5% higher than that of the Tedlar bag in dry conditions. This study examined the loss rate of carbon dioxide, a typical greenhouse gas. It is important to note that the loss rate was determined by calculating highly reliable carbon dioxide emission and emission coefficient data, with consideration to the method of keeping specimens.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.132-153
• /
• 2009

A lotus flower pattern of the shape of straight and pointed petals has the forms whose lotus flowers are pointed, and is one of the representative forms of lotus flower pattern of Baekjae along with a round and a triangle protruded style. This style of lotus flower pattern was applied to roof-end tiles, halos of Buddhist images, containers of Buddha's bones, head supports, etc. from the Hanseong period to the Sabi period of Baekjae. However most of lotus flower patterns that remain today were used for the tiles of the Sabi period. Many of them were produced under the influence of the Northern Dynasties and the Southern Dynasties of China, and of Goryeo, which implies the active cultural exchange of Baekjae at that time. Among the present lotus flower patterns of the shape of the straight and pointed petals, that of the earliest time is from Gyeongdang district of Poongnab mud castle and belongs to the mid-fifth century. However there is a higher chance that the gradual subsequent excavation and research will find some tiles of the earlier period and other styles can also be unearthed.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.332-336
• /
• 2019

The use of ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy for foods is known to have a microbial inhibitory effect. UV-A having a longer wavelength than UV-C can be used for continuous or intermittent UV irradiation of food stored in containers or packages. Because UV-LED can be used effectively at a low price, this study reported the effect of UV-A 365 nm-LED on inhibiting Bacillus subtilis in accordance with the packaging conditions employed in daily use. The packaging materials were linear low-density polyethylene (LLD-PE), nylon/low density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene, and glass. When all packaging materials were treated with 365 nm UV-LED, B. subtilis was observed to remain inactive for 30-60 min. Further, compared with the control (-log 5), the survival rate of B. subtilis was -log 2.0-2.5 for nylon/LDPE and -log 2.58-3.61 for LLD-PE. These packaging materials showed an excellent inhibitory effect regardless of their thickness. Typically, a decrease in the viable cell count of more than 3 log indicates a 99.9% bactericidal effect. These results suggest that 365 nm UV-LED permeated the packaging material and inhibited bacterial growth.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.40
• /
• pp.105-135
• /
• 2007

Since now, the study of wooden pagodas in ancient Korea have been proceeded to the site plan, the devices and the goods of sarari containers and the reconstruction. They are based on the result of archaeological excavations and the historical material documents. But the study of the foundations of wooden pagodas have been unsatisfactory. In this paper, the investigations of the wooden pagodas in the Three Kingdoms are proceeded. Through this action, we have checked the method of the foundations, the type and installation of Simchoseok(central base stone) and the erection of Simju(central base pillar). In the result of this study, three types were in the method of the foundations-the construction of the upper on the surface of the earth, the construction of the upper and lower on the surface of the earth. And we know the types of the installation of Simchoseok were the underground-type central base stone and the ground-type central base stoned. The factors of the central base pillars were changed with the rising of central base stones from the lower on the surface of the earth to the surface of the foundation. This change was needed to construct the larger wooden pagodas than the ones of the past. In especially, the large wooden pagodas with the ground-type central base stoned were appeared in the king of Baekje, Muwang(A.D. 600~640). We assume that the method of the construction of larger wooden pagodas like that was forwarded to Silla and Japan.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.605-611
• /
• 2019

The fuel sloshing due to the rapid manoeuvre of the aircraft causes significant loads on internal components, which may break components or piping. In particular, a significant load is applied to the joint of the external fuel tank by sloshing movement, which may affect the safety of the aircraft when the joint of the external fuel tank is damaged. Therefore, in order to improve the survivability of aircraft and crew members, the design of external fuel tanks, and joints should be performed after evaluating the sloshing load through a numerical analysis of the fuel sloshing conditions. In this paper, a numerical analysis was performed on the sloshing test of the external fuel tank for rotorcraft. ALE (Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) technique was used, and the test conditions specified in the U.S. Military Specification (MIL-DTL-27422D) was applied as the conditions for numerical analysis. As a result of the numerical analysis, the load on the joint of the external fuel tank was calculated. Moreover, the effects of sloshing movement on structural soundness were assessed through analysis of stress levels and margin of safety on metal fittings and composite containers.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.550-556
• /
• 2020

Over the past years, the role of ports in the global network of supply chains has becoming increasingly important, not merely as a physical location for loading and unloading goods, but also as an essential center of economic activity where additional value is added to cargo. Due to the overall growing importance of ports, each country has chosen to adopt hub growth as a primary economic strategy. Northeast Asia in particular, due to its high population density, experiences intense competition between its ports. Busan's port, as a result, has used the establishment of Distripark in order to attract high and stable trade volume, and compete more effectively with other ports in the region. This study estimates the unit cost of the logistic process for the all principal cargos handled at Busan New Port, with the findings revealing that unit cost increases gradually starting with chemical products, LME bulk goods, automobile parts, LME containers, general cargoes, and LME inland transportation goods coming in last. Future research will look more closely at all all categories of cargo handled in the Distrpark of Busan New Port, thereby enabling us to better understand the value created by the port, and how to best implement effective trade volume-attraction strategy.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.81-98
• /
• 2021

As Korea declared that the entire country is free from ISA (Infectious salmon anaemia) based on the OIE aquatic code in 2019, it is necessary to improve the import quarantine system that meets the level of ISA management in Korea. Currently, Korea imports Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout from countries which have history of ISA outbreak such as Norway and the United States, so there is a constant possibility that trade with these countries will bring ISAV (Infectious salmon anaemia virus) into Korea. Therefore, some amendments to the Aquatic Life Diseases Control Act (ALDCA) are needed to prevent the entry of ISAV into the Korea through international trade. The amendment to the ALDCA should contain a list of countries, zones or compartments that the Korean competent authority has allowed or banned imports of ISA-susceptible fish. In addition, the subordinate statutes or administrative rules of the ALDCA need to be revised so that on-site inspections/audit can be conducted for the evaluation of the ISA management system in exporting countries. After the revision of the subordinate statutes or administrative rules, it is necessary to strengthen the present import conditions in line with those that meet the level of ISA management in Korea. As for the strengthened import conditions, the competent authorities of exporting countries must export only salmonid fish produced in zones or compartments declared freedom of ISA to Korea, and must prove through lab-testing that ISAV should not be detected in the fish exporting to Korea. In addition, official veterinarians/fish health professionals of the exporting country should check the health status of the fish within 72 hours prior to export. Also, competent authorities of the exporting countries must attest that fish storage containers and water, ice and other equipment used for transportation should be cleaned and disinfected to avoid contamination with pathogens, including ISA. Therefore, the proposed measures presented here will further improve the current import condition for salmonid fish and assist decision-making on strategies to reduce the risk of ISA introduction into Korea. Also, it is expected to contribute to maintain the status of ISA-free country.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.70-77
• /
• 2022

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been attracting significant attention in modern society, owing to the increased incidence rate of various diseases along with population growth. EDCs are found in many commercial products, including some plastic bottles and containers, detergents, liners of metal food cans, flame retardants, food, toys, cosmetics, and pesticides. EDCs have a hormonal effect on the human body, which disrupts the endocrine system, notably affecting sexual differentiation and normal reproduction, and can trigger cancer as well. Recently, the association between neurological diseases and EDCs has become a hot topic of research in the field of neuroscience. Considering that EDCs negatively affect not only neuronal proliferation and neurotransmission but also the formation of the neuronal networks, EDCs may induce neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder as well as neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. In light of these potentially deleterious outcomes, important efforts have been underway to minimize the exposure to EDCs through appropriate regulations and policies around the world, but chemicals that have not yet been associated with endocrine disrupting properties are still in wide use. Therefore, more epidemiological investigations and research are needed to fully understand the effects of EDCs on the nervous system.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.183-187
• /
• 2021

Appropriate pruning is very important for southern highbush blueberries cultivated in a heated plastic house to control their severe crowding within the bush canopy after harvest. Pruning treatments at different times were evaluated to find out an appropriate pruning time to southern highbush 'Scintilla' cultivation with heating. Seven-year-old (2018) bushes, grown in 180-L containers, were summer-pruned on May 20 (35-39 days after harvest) and June 20, or dormant-pruned on December 20 (5 days before flowering), consecutively in both 2018 and 2019 removing 30% of the total woods. May pruning activated occurrence of shoots the following years, increasing number of shoot by 17 to 49% and total shoot length by 18 to 32% compared with those of the dormant pruning. Fruit characteristic was not significantly affected by different pruning times the previous year. The first year pruning treatment did not influence the yield the following year, but the second year consecutive May pruning significantly increased yield per bush by 7% compared with the dormant pruning. The results indicated that summer pruning in May could be favorable to promote shoot growth and to maintain stable yield.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.147-161
• /
• 2022

This study examined changes in the ecological characteristics and design characteristics of Ban's exhibition space in three representative temporary exhibition halls and three permanent exhibition halls designed by Ban Shigeru since 2000. Through the investigation of the concepts and characteristics of ecological architecture, the design characteristics of exhibition space, the analysis framework of the design characteristics of exhibition space and the design elements of ecological architecture is obtained. The analysis results show that there are big changes between the temporary exhibition space and the permanent exhibition space in terms of building scale, space composition, function, materials and technology. On the one hand, the temporary exhibition space used recyclable materials, such as paper tubes, containers to be assembled on site into a single-layer space focused on display. The assembly method was simple and the construction period was short. After the exhibition, the exhibition space were dismantled. The materials were either transported to the next display site or recycled and reused. On the other hand, the permanent exhibition space used reinforced concrete as the main structure, and used a large amount of wood and glass materials to construct a multi-layered composite cultural space that separated the exhibition space and the leisure space. In terms of ecological characteristics, the building materials of the temporary exhibition space were recycled and no industrial wastes were generated after the demolition. The permanent exhibition hall uses eco-friendly wood for the roof and walls, so it is easy to replace and repair. Both types of exhibition halls are changing ecological architecture in a more sustainable direction by saving resources and energy through natural light and ventilation.