Journal of fish pathology (한국어병학회지)

The Korean Society of Fish Pathology (한국어병학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A study on the improvement of import conditions for salmonid fish to reduce the possibility of entry of infectious salmon anaemia virus

전염성연어빈혈증(Infectious salmon anaemia) 바이러스의 국내 유입 가능성 저감을 위한 연어과 어류 수입조건 개선안

  • Yu, Jinha (Janghang Regional Office, National Fishery Products Quality Management Service (NFQS))
  • 유진하 (국립수산물품질관리원 장항지원)
  • Received : 2021.02.26
  • Accepted : 2021.05.27
  • Published : 2021.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

As Korea declared that the entire country is free from ISA (Infectious salmon anaemia) based on the OIE aquatic code in 2019, it is necessary to improve the import quarantine system that meets the level of ISA management in Korea. Currently, Korea imports Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout from countries which have history of ISA outbreak such as Norway and the United States, so there is a constant possibility that trade with these countries will bring ISAV (Infectious salmon anaemia virus) into Korea. Therefore, some amendments to the Aquatic Life Diseases Control Act (ALDCA) are needed to prevent the entry of ISAV into the Korea through international trade. The amendment to the ALDCA should contain a list of countries, zones or compartments that the Korean competent authority has allowed or banned imports of ISA-susceptible fish. In addition, the subordinate statutes or administrative rules of the ALDCA need to be revised so that on-site inspections/audit can be conducted for the evaluation of the ISA management system in exporting countries. After the revision of the subordinate statutes or administrative rules, it is necessary to strengthen the present import conditions in line with those that meet the level of ISA management in Korea. As for the strengthened import conditions, the competent authorities of exporting countries must export only salmonid fish produced in zones or compartments declared freedom of ISA to Korea, and must prove through lab-testing that ISAV should not be detected in the fish exporting to Korea. In addition, official veterinarians/fish health professionals of the exporting country should check the health status of the fish within 72 hours prior to export. Also, competent authorities of the exporting countries must attest that fish storage containers and water, ice and other equipment used for transportation should be cleaned and disinfected to avoid contamination with pathogens, including ISA. Therefore, the proposed measures presented here will further improve the current import condition for salmonid fish and assist decision-making on strategies to reduce the risk of ISA introduction into Korea. Also, it is expected to contribute to maintain the status of ISA-free country.

Keywords

References

  1. Aamelfot, M., Dale, O.B. and Falk, K.: Infectious salmon anaemia - pathogensis and tropism. J. Fish Dis., 37: 291-307, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12225
  2. Aspehaug, V., Mikalsen, A.B., Snow, M., Biering, E. and Villoing, S.: Characterization of the infectious salmon anemia virus fusion protein. J. Viol., 79: 12544-12553, 2005.
  3. Cottet, L., Cortez-San Martin, M.C.S., Tello, M., Olivares, E., Rivas-Aravena, A., Vallejos, E., Sandino, A.M. and Spencer, E.: Bioinformatic analysis of the genome of infectious salmon anemia virus associated with outbreaks with high mortality in Chile. J. Viol., 84: 11916-11928, 2010.
  4. EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW): Scientific Opinion in infections salmon anaemia (ISA). EFSA Journal, 10: 2971-2992, 2012. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2971
  5. Eliassen, T.M., Froystad, M.K., Dannevig, B.H., Jankowska, M., Brech, A., Falk, K., Romoren, K. and Gjoen, T.: Initial events in infectious salmon anemia virus infection: evidence for the requirement of a low-pH step. J. Virol., 74(1): 218-227, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.74.1.218-227.2000
  6. Hellebo, A., Vilas, U., Falk, K. and Vlasak, R.: Infectious salmon anemia virus specificallt binds to and hydrolyzes 4-O-acetylated sialic acids. J. Virol, 78: 3055-3062, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.78.6.3055-3062.2004
  7. Jansen, M.D. and Falk, K.: The surveillance program for infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) and bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in Norway 2018. Norwegian Veterinary Institute, 1-9, 2019.
  8. Kawaoka, Y., Cox, N.J., HAaller, O., Hongo, S., Kaverin, N., Klenk, H.D., Lamb, R.A., Mccauley, J., Palese, P., Rimstad, E. and Webster, R.G.: Infectious Salmon Anaemia Virus. In Virus Taxonomy -Eight Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy Viruses, Fauquet C.M., Mayo M.A., Maniloff J., Desselberger U., Ball L.A., eds. Elsevier Academic Press, New York, USA, 681-93, 2005.
  9. Lovely, J.E., Dannevig, B.H., Falk, K. Hutchiun, L., MacKinnon, A.M., Melville, K.J., Rimstad, E. and Griffiths, S.G.: First identification of infectious salmon anaemia virus in North America with haemorrhagic kidney syndrome. Dis. Aqua. Org, 35: 145-148, 1999. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao035145
  10. Mard, L.: Epidemiological aspects of infectious salmon anemia. Swedish university of agricultural sciences, 1-11, 2019.
  11. Miller, O. and Cipriano, R.C.: International response to infectious salmon anemia: prevention, control, and eradication. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 1-194, 2003.
  12. Mullins, J.E., Groman, D.B. and Wadowska. D.: Infectious salmon anaemia in salt water Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in New Brunswick, Canada. Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol., 18: 110-114, 1998.
  13. Nylund, A., Kvenseth, A.M., Krossoy, B. and Hodneland, L.: Replication of the infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). J. fish Dis., 20: 275-279, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.1997.00300.x
  14. OIE: OIE Aquatic code
  15. OIE aquatic manual: Manual of diagnostic tests for Aquatic animals, 2019.
  16. Park, D. H.: A Comparative analysis on economic viability of rainbow trout aquaculture by farming method, Graduate school of Pukyong University, 1-81, 2019.
  17. Rimstad, E. and Markussen, T.: Infectious salmon anaemia virus-molecular biology and pathogenesis of the infection. J. Appl. Microbiol., doi:10.1111/jam.14567, 2019.
  18. Thorud, K. and Djupvik, H.O.: Infectious anaemia in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol., 8: 109-111, 1988.
  19. USDA APHIS Veterinary Service: Maine infectious salmon anemia virus control program standards. USDA, 1-46, 2017.