• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to establish the control method of the global bending distortion caused by fabrication process of hatch-cover in a container ship. In order to do it, the transitional behavior of global bending distortion in the deck of hatch-cover during fabrication process was measured by 3-dimensional measuring instrument. From the results, the principal factor controlling the global bending distortion was identified as the bending moment associated with the longitudinal shrinkage force and transverse shrinkage caused by welding and flame heating and the change of the centroid axis of hatch-cover in each fabrication process. Therefore, in this study, with the predictive equations of the longitudinal shrinkage force and transverse shrinkage caused by welding and flame heating and the simplified thermo elastic method, the predictive method for the global bending distortion was established and verified by comparing with the measured result. Based on the results, the amount of reverse bending distortion of main stiffeners was determined to prevent the global bending distortion of hatch-cover.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.409-420
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• 2021

The decrease in under keel clearance (UKC) due to the increase of draft that occurs during advancing and turning of very large vessels of different types was analyzed based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The trim change in the Duisburg test case (DTC) container ship was much smaller than that of the KRISO very large crude oil carrier 2 (KVLCC2). The sinkage of both ships increased gradually as the water depth became shallower. The amount of sinkage change in DTC was greater than that in KVLCC2. The maximum heel angle was much larger for DTC than for KVLCC2. Both ships showed outward heel angles up to medium-deep water. However, when the water depth became shallow, an inward heel was generated by the shallow water effect. The inward heel increased rapidly in very shallow water. For DTC, the reduction ratio was very large at very shallow water. DTC appeared to be larger than KVLCC2 in terms of the decreased UKC because of shallow water in advancing and turning. In this study, a new result was derived showing that a ship turning in a steady state due to the influence of shallow water can incline inward, which is the turning direction.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.107-118
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• 2021

본 연구는 안전운임제 도입으로 가격 경쟁이 사라진 컨테이너운송에 있어서 항만배후단지에 있는 물류창고와 컨테이너 셔틀 운송사를 대상으로 셔틀 운송사 선정 시 어떠한 요인이 중요한지에 대해 조사하여 앞으로의 경영전략을 새롭게 수립할 수 있는 효과적인 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구 결과 물류창고와 셔틀 운송사 모두 운송사의 역량 요인 그중에서도 협력업체와의 관계 및 직원교육 요인을 중요시 하고 있고 그다음으로 운송 품질 요인 중 운송의 정시성 요인을 중요하게 생각하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 따라서 양쪽 모두가 중요하게 생각하는 이 2가지 요인에 대해 지속해서 경쟁력을 높여 나가야 할 것이다. 그리고 운송사의 경우 고객 서비스 요인에서 돌발사태에 대한 해결 능력보다는 손실/파손 및 클레임처리 부분을 물류창고에서 더 중요하게 평가하고 있으므로 앞으로의 경쟁력을 가질 수 있도록 향후 전략은 손실/파손 및 클레임 처리 요인에 집중하는 전략을 수립하여야 할 것이다. 연구 결과를 통해 앞으로 물류창고와 셔틀 운송사는 차별화된 마케팅전략을 세워야 할 것이다. 이를 바탕으로 셔틀 운송사의 경우 항만배후단지 내에서 경쟁력을 확보하여 시장에서 확고한 지위를 유지할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.19-40
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• 1994

Several factors can be chosen for evaluating seakeeping performance, such as deck wetness, propeller racing, slamming, rolling, vertical acceleration and vertical bending moment, in consi-deration of the safety of human being, cargo and ship. In fact, there are few developments for an evalua-tion method of seakeepting performance correponding with each ship's characteristics. The purpose of this paper is to develop an quantitative evaluation method of seakeeping performance according to ship types. The scope and the method of this study are as follow. (1) Obtain each response amplitude of ship's motion in waves by Ordinary Strip Method and apply it to short-crested, irregular wave for random process of the factors on seakeeping performance. (2) Define the evaluation index, the dangerousness, the maximum dangerousness and the evaluation diagram. (3) Figure out the different characteristics according to ship types by computer simulation of evaluating seakeeping performance. (4) Adopt vertical acceleration and one of rolling or lateral acceleration as the factors on seakeeping performance by clarifying the correlation of stochastic process. This study developed an evaluation method coincident with each ship's characteristics, and suggested a device for application to actual ship. This method might be useful in developing the practical system of seakeeping performance in accordance with ship types. The ship models for computer simulation are 175m container ship types, 93m tranning ship HANARA as passenger ship type, 259m bulk-carrier type and 164m pure car-carrier type.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권7호
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• pp.2419-2431
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• 2023

Experiments related to Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) accomplished at the Institute of Nuclear Techniques (INT), Budapest University of Technology and Economics (TUB) are presented. Relevant investigations are required before designing BNCT for vivo applications. Samples of relevant boron compounds (H₃BO₃, BDTPA) usually employed in BNCT were investigated with neutron beam. Channel #5 in the research reactor (100 kW) of INT-TUB provides the neutron beam. Boron samples are mounted on a carrier for neutron irradiation. The particle attenuation of several carrier materials was investigated, and the one with the lowest attenuation was selected. The effects of boron compound type, mass, and compound phase state were also investigated. To detect the emitted charged particles, a traditional ZnS(Ag) detector was employed. The neutron beam's interaction with the detector-detecting layer is investigated. Graphite (as a moderator) was employed to change the neutron beam's characteristics. The fast neutron beam was also thermalized by placing a portable fast neutron source in a paraffin container and irradiating the H₃BO₃. The obtained results suggest that the direct measurement approach appears to be insufficiently sensitive for determining the radiation dose committed by the Alpha particles from the ¹⁰B (n,α) reaction. As a result, a new approach must be used.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 1985

For the analysis of vertical vibrations of a ship's hull, the Timoshenko beam analogy is accepted up to seven or eight-node modes provided that the system parameters are properly calculated. As to the shear coefficient, it has been a common practice to apply the strain energy method or the projected area method. The theoretical objection to the former is that it ignores lateral contraction due to Poisson's ratio, and the latter is of extreme simplifications. Recently, Cowper's and Stephen's shear coefficient formulas have drawn ship vibration analysts' attentions because these formulas, derivation of which are based on an integrations of the equations of three-dimensional elasticity, take Poisson's ratio into account. Providing computer programs for calculation of the shear coefficient of ship sections modeled as thin-walked multicell sections by each of the forementioned methods, the authors calculated natural vibration characteristics of a bulk carrier and of a container ship by the transfer matrix method using shear coefficients obtained by each of the methods, and discussed the results in comparision. The major conclusions resulted from this investigation are as follows: (1) The shear coefficients taking account of the effects of Poisson's ratio, Cowper's $K_c$ and Stephen's $K_s$, result in higher values of about 10% in maximum as compared with the shear coefficient $K_o$ based on the conventional strain energy methods; (a) $K_c/K_o{\cong}1.05\;and\;K_s/K_o{\cong}1.10$ for ships having single skin side-shell such as a bulk carrier. (b) $K_c/K_o{\cong}1.02\;and\;K_s/K_o{\cong}1.05$ for ships having longitudinally through bulkheads and/or double side-shells in the portion of the cargo hod such as a container carrier. (2) The distributions of the effective shear area along the ship's hull based on each of $K_o,\;K_c\;and\;K_s$ are similar each another except the both end portions. (3) Natural frequencies and mode shapes of the hull based on each of $K_c\;and\;K_s$ are of small differences as compared each other. (4) In cases of using $K_c\;or\;K_s$ in ship vibration analysis, it is also desirable to have the bending rigidity be corrected according to the effective breadth concept. And then, natural frequencies and mode shapes calculated with the bending rigidity corrected in the above and with each of $K_o,\;K_c\;and\;K_s$ result in small differences as compared each another. (5) Referring to those mentioned in the above (3) and (4) and to the full-scale experimental results reported by Asmussen et al.[17], and considering laboursome to prepare the computer input data, the following suggestions can safely be made; (a) Use of $K_o$ in ship vibration analysis is appropriate in practical senses. (b) Use of $K_c$ is appropriate even for detailed vibration analysis of a ship's hull. (6) The effective shear area based on the projected area method is acceptable for the two-node mode.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.247-267
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• 1993

제 2 차 세계대전 이후 등장한 컨테이너화에 의해 큰 발전을 가져온 현대항만의 수송기능을 이해하기 위하여, 본 연구는 교통결절점으로서의 부산항을 중심으로 컨테이너 수출화물을 통하여 배후지와 지향지의 공간구조를 파악하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 분석결과, 수출 컨테이너 화물의 배후지는 대도시와 공업도시, 기타 지역으로 수출품목에 의해 유형화될 수 있으며, 주요 지향지는 각 선사의 수송항로에 있어 각 항만의 규모와 각 선사의 항만터미널 이용 편리도에 따라 결정되었다는 점을 밝혔다. 그리고 수출 컨테이너 화물의 배후지와 지향지의 결합에서 국적 3社 모두 품목에 따른 배후지의 유형은 유사하게 나타난다.

• 해운물류연구
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.545-563
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 VLCC(Very Large Crude Oil Carrier) 운임에 영향을 미치는 주요 결정요인의 장기적 탄성치를 추정하는 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 영국 해운 전문 기업인 클락슨이 공표하는 연간 VLCC 운임을 종속변수로, 원유(Crude oil) 물동량, VLCC 선복량, 벙커유 가격, Libor 금리를 설명변수로 사용하였다. 본 연구는 벡터오차수정모형(Vector Error Correction Model; VECM)을 사용하여 운임 결정 장기균형함수를 추정하였으며, 추정결과 물동량 1.0% 증가 시 운임 6.4% 증가, 선복량 1.0% 증가 시 운임 1.9% 감소, 벙커유 가격 1.0% 증가 시 운임 0.3% 감소, 금리 1.0% 증가 시 운임은 0.18% 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 벙커유 가격의 경우 일반적인 직관과 반대되는 마이너스(-) 부호로 계수가 추정되었는데, 이는 설명변수 중 벙커유 가격이나 금리 등의 2차 변수가 운임에 미치는 영향력은 적은 반면 직접적인 수급 변수가 운임을 결정하는 주요 요인이기 때문인 것으로 이해된다. 후속연구에서 컨테이너선, 건화물선 등 다른 선종들을 대상으로 연구를 수행하고 다양한 선종별 운임의 결정요인을 비교 분석하는 것이 필요하다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.32-39
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• 1979

Alignment of marine engine shafting generally implies a judicious slope alignment of supporting bearings in order to achieve acceptable values of bearing reactions and shaft stresses for all deformation conditions of hull. Authors developed a computer program, which computes the bearing reaction forces, the bearing reaction influence numbers and etc, using quadruple integration method. And the results of calculation for a 26,000 DWT steam container carrier were in good agreements with those of foreign shipyard. Also they introduced the optimization technique of slope alignment combined technical economic basis, and as a result of comparing characteristics of shafting in case of straight alignment whit those in case of slope alignment, the latter was found to be much better than the former.

• 대한조선학회 특별논문집
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• 대한조선학회 2013년도 특별논문집
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• pp.55-59
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• 2013

Transverse vibrations of ship's aft end and deckhouse among the various modes of hull structures are induced mainly by transverse exciting forces and moments of main engine such as ${\times}$ and h-moment. Avoidance of resonance should be made in a intial design stage in case there is a prediction for resonance between main engine and transverse modes of deckhouse. This study shows a case of change in type of main engine from 12 cylinders to 10 without modification of hull structures in engine room requested by a shipowner of 8,600 TEU class container carrier and proposes a guide to the effective ways of structural arrangement for avoiding resonance between transverse exciting force and surrounding structures of main engine in engine room through case studies.