• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.63-70
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• 2016

Due to the Korea's topographic characteristic, there are a lot of marine bridges to connect between islands and mainland. In addition, marine bridges play an important role in a regional landscape. For these reasons, landscape design of bridge is necessary in order to improve beautification of region. So, this studies analyzed image and landscape preference of marine bridges in rural area. The main results were summarized as follows: When rating the image of the background in sea and mountain image, 'stable' and 'natural' were rated highly. When rating the image of the arch bridge in sea and mountain image, 'beautiful', and 'attractive' were rated highly. When rating the image of the cable-stayed bridge in sea and mountain image, 'splendid', and 'attractive' were rated highly. When rating the image of the suspension bridge in sea and mountain image, 'beautiful', and 'splendid' were rated highly. Next, When rating the image of the background in sea and building image, 'stable' and 'natural' were rated highly. When rating the image of the arch bridge in sea and building image, 'beautiful', and 'splendid' were rated highly. When rating the image of the cable-stayed bridge in sea and building image, 'beautiful', and 'attractive' were rated highly. When rating the image of the suspension bridge in sea and building image, 'beautiful', and 'attractive' were rated highly. And, The image of suspension bridges in sea and mountain image is more highly preferred than other image. The background in sea and mountain image is landscape of the lowest preference. In the mountain and sea image, the preference of suspension bridge landscape has the highest rating. In the sea and building image, the preference of arch bridge landscape has the highest rating. In conclusion, the results illustrate that the marine bridge's shape and its background in rural area are important elements of a visual preference. When designing the marine bridge, designer have to choose a proper bridge shape for its background. However, this research's limitation is that this research consider only bridge shape and background to analyze landscape preference of marine bridges. Therefore, further research is necessary to consider various elements.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.75-88
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• 2017

This study analyzed wind flows based on spatial and geomorphological characteristics of Daegu Metropolitan City. A three-stage analysis was performed, starting with a comparison of meteorological relationships between local wind direction (synoptic wind) and local wind flow. In the second stage the study area was subdivided into districts and suburban districts to analyze the relative change of local wind flow. In stage three, the formation of wind corridor for local wind flow, wind flow for the entire urban space, and spatial relationships between flows were verified comparatively using KLAM_21. Three results are notable, the first of which is a low correlation between synoptic wind of a region, and local wind, flow in terms of meteorology. Secondly, observations of local wind flow at five downtown districts and two suburban districts showed that there were diverse wind directions at each measurement point. This indicates that the spatial and geomorphological characteristics of areas neighboring the measurement points could affect the local wind flow. Thirdly, verifying the results analyzed using KLAM_21, compared to Atomatic Weather System(AWS) measurement data, confirmed the reliability of the numerical modelling analysis. It was determined that local wind flow in a city performs a spatial function and role in ameliorating the urban heat island phenomena. This indicates that, when an urban planning project is designed, the urban heat island phenomena could be ameliorated effectively and sustainably if local wind flow caused by immediate spatial and geomorphological characteristics is confirmed systematically and techniques are intentionally applied to connect the flows spatially within areas where urban heat islands occur.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.63-70
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• 2013

With the increasing use of high-performance mobile devices such as smartphones, users have been able to connect to the Internet anywhere, anytime, so that Location Based Services(LBSes) have been popular among the users in order to obtain personalized information associated with their locations. The services have advanced to provide the information realistically and intuitively by adopting Augmented Reality(AR) technology, where the technology utilizes various sensors embedded in the mobile devices. However, the services have inherent problems due to the small screen size of the mobile devices and the complexity of the real world environment. Overlapping contents on a small screen and user's possible movement should be taken into consideration in displaying the icons on objects that block user's environment such as trees and buildings. The problems mainly happen when the services use only user's location and sensor data to calculate the position of the displayed information. In order to solve the problems, this paper proposes a method that applies street data extracted from a digital map. The method uses the street data as well as the location and direction data to determine contents that are placed on both sides of a virtual street which augments the real street. With scrolling the virtual street, which means a virtual movement, some information far away from the location of the user can be identified without user's actual movement. Also the proposed method is implemented for region "Aenigol", and the efficiency and usefulness of the method is verified.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.121-128
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• 2016

The present study aimed to derive decision factors for residency in the hinterland of Incheon New Port that is undergoing the development of port hinterlands and changes in leasing methods considered from the perspective of companies and analyze the priorities of determinants for residency through Fuzzy-AHP in order to present a direction to activate companies entries into the hinterland of Incheon New Port. When the comprehensive rankings of determinants for residency in the hinterland of Incheon New Port, rent levels among cost factors took the highest ranking with a value of 10.2% followed by the throughput of the port among market factors with a value of 8.2%, the scale of the market on the background with a value of 7.3%,, reduction in inland transport costs among cost factors with a value of 7.1%, connectivity to inland transportation networks among locational factors with a value of 6.7%, and designation as a free trade zone and the scale with a value of 6.4%. When seen from the viewpoint of companies to determine whether to move into the hinterland of Incheon New Port, the rent level should be provided to be more attractive compared to the hinterlands of ports in other regions. In addition, inland transportation costs which are a matter of the most serious concern of shippers in the capital region should be reduced and sea routes that can directly connect Incheon New Port to US ports and European ports should be opened.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.165-177
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• 2022

This study aims to develop a field trip program for the Hantan River geopark in Pocheon using Orion's field trip model. The selected learning sites were the Hwajeogyeon and Bidulginang Falls, famous geosites of the Hantan River geopark in Pocheon. The field trip program consisted of six preparatory units, two field trip units, and two summary units. The preparatory stage helped reduce the novelty space considering cognitive, psychological, and geographical factors. In the field trip stage, students acquire concepts linked to learning elements in the curriculum scientifically and encourage interest in science. In the summary stage, students organized the geological phenomena observed in the field and inferred the vicinity of the Pocheon Hantan River region. The field trip program was modified to give enough time for observation activities to increase students' interest in science and to connect concepts with learning elements in the curriculum in the outdoor learning phase to allow students' convergent thinking. Implementing the field trip program raises students' interest and attitude in science.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.80-96
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• 2023

The expansion of human activities and road development has led to the loss and fragmentation of ecological spaces, which is a negative factor for biodiversity. In particular, urban areas where land use and land cover have rapidly changed into urbanization zones are regions where ecological spaces are lost and isolated, making it difficult for wildlife to inhabit. Furthermore, the loss and fragmentation of ecological spaces due to urbanization can have a negative impact on ecosystem services. Therefore, to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services in urban and national land, it is necessary to establish a practical ecological axis that reflects the current status of the city. Thus, this study analyzed the connectivity of ecological spaces and forest axis that can be used for spatial planning related to urban ecological axis of local governments in Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do. The ecological connectivity was analyzed by dividing the Daegu-Gyeongbuk region into 31 local government units, distinguishing between forests and natural areas using land cover data. Subsequently, the study area was divided into 20,483 hexagonal grids of 1 square kilometer each, and the restoration effects for ecological fragmentation within 100 meters were spatially clustered to visualize priority restoration areas. The forest axis was derived by considering regional conditions such as land cover, building area, slope, and others to connect 1,534 forests of 100 hectares or more. The research results are expected to be used as fundamental data for spatial planning, goal setting, and the selection of restoration areas for improving ecological connectivity.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.228-240
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• 2023

Growing complexity in ecosystem structure and functions, under impacts of climate and land-use changes, requires interdisciplinary understandings of processes and the whole-system, and accurate estimates of the changing functions. In the last three decades, observation networks for biodiversity, ecosystems, and ecosystem functions under climate change, have been developed by interested scientists, research institutions and universities. In this paper we will review (1) the development and on-going activities of those observation networks, (2) some outcomes from forest carbon cycle studies at our super-site "Takayama site" in Japan, and (3) a few ideas how we connect in-situ and satellite observations as well as fill observation gaps in the Asia-Oceania region. There have been many intensive research and networking efforts to promote investigations for ecosystem change and functions (e.g., Long-Term Ecological Research Network), measurements of greenhouse gas, heat, and water fluxes (flux network), and biodiversity from genetic to ecosystem level (Biodiversity Observation Network). Combining those in-situ field research data with modeling analysis and satellite remote sensing allows the research communities to up-scale spatially from local to global, and temporally from the past to future. These observation networks oftern use different methodologies and target different scientific disciplines. However growing needs for comprehensive observations to understand the response of biodiversity and ecosystem functions to climate and societal changes at local, national, regional, and global scales are providing opportunities and expectations to network these networks. Among the challenges to produce and share integrated knowledge on climate, ecosystem functions and biodiversity, filling scale-gaps in space and time among the phenomena is crucial. To showcase such efforts, interdisciplinary research at 'Takayama super-site' was reviewed by focusing on studies on forest carbon cycle and phenology. A key approach to respond to multidisciplinary questions is to integrate in-situ field research, ecosystem modeling, and satellite remote sensing by developing cross-scale methodologies at long-term observation field sites called "super-sites". The research approach at 'Takayama site' in Japan showcases this response to the needs of multidisciplinary questions and further development of terrestrial ecosystem research to address environmental change issues from local to national, regional and global scales.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.51
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• pp.181-201
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• 2018

The cartoon industry in Korea has continued to decline due to the contraction of published comics market and decrease in the number of comic books rental stores until the 2000s when it rapidly started to experience qualitative changes and quantitative growth due to the emergence of webtoon. The market size of webtoon industry, valued at 420 billion won in 2015, is expected to grow to 880.5 billion won by 2018. Notably, most cartoonists who draw cartoon strips are using digital devices and producing scripts in data, thereby overcoming the geographical, spatial and physical limitation of contents. As a result, a favorable environment for the creation of local ecosystems is generated. While the infrastructures of human resources are steadily growing by region, cartoon industries that are supported by the government policy have shown good performance combined with factors of creative infrastructures in local areas such as webtoon experience centers, webtoon campuses and webtoon creation centers, etc. Nevertheless, it is true that cartoon infrastructures are substantially based on a capital area which leads to an imbalanced structure of cartoon industry. To see the statistics, companies of offline cartoon business in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province make up 87%, except for distribution industry. In addition, companies of online cartoon business which are situated outside of Seoul and Gyeonggi Province form merely 7.5%. Studies and research on local webtoon are inadequate. The existing studies on local webtoon usually focus on its industrial and economic values, mentioning the word "local" only sometimes. Therefore, this study looked into the current status of local webtoon of the present time for the current state of local cartoon ecosystem, middle and long-term support from the government, and an alternative in the future. Main challenges include the expansion of opportunities to enjoy cartoon cultures, the independence of cartoon infrastructure, and the settlement of regionally specialized cartoon cultures. It means that, in order to enable the cartoon ecosystem to settle down in local areas, it is vital to utilize and link basic infrastructures. Furthermore, it is necessary to consider independence and autonomy beyond the limited support by the government. Finally, webtoon should be designated as a culture, which can be a new direction of the development of local webtoon. Furthermore, desirable models should be continuously researched and studied, which are suitable for each region and connect them with regional tourism, culture and art industry. It will allow the webtoon industry to soft land in the industry. Local webtoon, which is a growth engine of regions and main contents of the fourth industrial revolution, is expected to be a momentum for the decentralization of power and reindustrialization of regions.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.107-127
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• 2022

Global challenges such as the corona pandemic, climate change and the war-on-tech ensure that the demand who the technologies of the future develops and monitors prominently for will be on the agenda. Development of, and applications in, agrifood, biotech, high-tech, medtech, quantum, AI and photonics are the basis of the future earning capacity of the Netherlands and contribute to solving societal challenges, close to home and worldwide. To be like the Netherlands and Europe a strategic position in the to obtain knowledge and innovation chain, and with it our autonomy in relation to from China and the United States insurance, clear choices are needed. Brainport Eindhoven: Building on Philips' knowledge base, there is create an innovative ecosystem where more than 7,000 companies in the High-tech Systems & Materials (HTSM) collaborate on new technologies, future earning potential and international value chains. Nearly 20,000 private R&D employees work in 5 regional high-end campuses and for companies such as ASML, NXP, DAF, Prodrive Technologies, Lightyear and many others. Brainport Eindhoven has a internationally leading position in the field of system engineering, semicon, micro and nanoelectronics, AI, integrated photonics and additive manufacturing. What is being developed in Brainport leads to the growth of the manufacturing industry far beyond the region thanks to chain cooperation between large companies and SMEs. South-Holland: The South Holland ecosystem includes companies as KPN, Shell, DSM and Janssen Pharmaceutical, large and innovative SMEs and leading educational and knowledge institutions that have more than Invest €3.3 billion in R&D. Bearing Cores are formed by the top campuses of Leiden and Delft, good for more than 40,000 innovative jobs, the port-industrial complex (logistics & energy), the manufacturing industry cluster on maritime and aerospace and the horticultural cluster in the Westland. South Holland trains thematically key technologies such as biotech, quantum technology and AI. Twente: The green, technological top region of Twente has a long tradition of collaboration in triple helix bandage. Technological innovations from Twente offer worldwide solutions for the large social issues. Work is in progress to key technologies such as AI, photonics, robotics and nanotechnology. New technology is applied in sectors such as medtech, the manufacturing industry, agriculture and circular value chains, such as textiles and construction. Being for Twente start-ups and SMEs of great importance to the jobs of tomorrow. Connect these companies technology from Twente with knowledge regions and OEMs, at home and abroad. Wageningen in FoodValley: Wageningen Campus is a global agri-food magnet for startups and corporates by the national accelerator StartLife and student incubator StartHub. FoodvalleyNL also connects with an ambitious 2030 programme, the versatile ecosystem regional, national and international - including through the WEF European food innovation hub. The campus offers guests and the 3,000 private R&D put in an interesting programming science, innovation and social dialogue around the challenges in agro production, food processing, biobased/circular, climate and biodiversity. The Netherlands succeeded in industrializing in logistics countries, but it is striving for sustainable growth by creating an innovative ecosystem through a regional industry-academic research model. In particular, the Brainport Cluster, centered on the high-tech industry, pursues regional innovation and is opening a new horizon for existing industry-academic models. Brainport is a state-of-the-art forward base that leads the innovation ecosystem of Dutch manufacturing. The history of ports in the Netherlands is transforming from a logistics-oriented port symbolized by Rotterdam into a "port of digital knowledge" centered on Brainport. On the basis of this, it can be seen that the industry-academic cluster model linking the central government's vision to create an innovative ecosystem and the specialized industry in the region serves as the biggest stepping stone. The Netherlands' innovation policy is expected to be more faithful to its role as Europe's "digital gateway" through regional development centered on the innovation cluster ecosystem and investment in job creation and new industries.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.56-71
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the construction background of multi-functional vacant grounds in the rear gardens of Kyeongbok Palace and Kyeongun Palace, by understanding the building history of multi-functional vacant ground during the Joseon Dynasty with a special reference to the places formed in the period of King Kojong. The multi-functional vacant grounds in the Palace were the important element from the political aspect of Joseon Dynasty, and became an infrastructure of a state - run organization. The vacant space between Kwangyeonlu(廣延樓) and Haeonjeong, the whole region of Yeolmujeong(閱武亭), Seochongdae(瑞蔥臺), and Chundangdae(春塘臺) were investigated as the multi-functional places, where the events were held for the royal family in the Changdeok Palace after the establishment of the Joseon Dynasty. Various events such as the archery competition, official examination and military training were held at the places. After the inauguration of King Kojong, Kyeongmudae(京武臺) was made in the process of the reconstruction of the Kyeongbok Palace. The Kyeonghee Palace was used as the off-palace rear garden after the year that King Kojong returned to the Kyeongun Palace. The characteristics of two spaces were to apply the space organization of the Changdeok Palace into the rear garden outside of Sinmumun(神武門), Kyeongmudae at Kyeongbok Palace and the pedestrian overpass was established to connect the spaces efficiently in Kyeonghee Palace. Especially, the multi-functional vacant ground in the rear garden during the period of King Kojong functioned as the place to show off the internal and external independence of a nation and to show the authority and dignity of King at the point of time that accelerated the plundering Joseon Dynasty by Japanese imperialism powers, beyond the meaning of national event space that had existed before, such as official examination or archery test. In addition, the fact that the multi-functional vacant ground used as training place for military exercise where many people were mobilized was considered to reflect the contemporary situation.