• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1477-1482
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• 2004

Purpose. With the continuous spread of the AIDS virus and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) throughout Asia, it has become imperative for HIV/AIDS prevention outreach programs to stress the need for using prophylactics as one form of protection. This is particularly true for commercial sex workers. This pilot study was conducted to investigate the rate of condom use among the commercial sex workers in Korea and reasons why they frequently do not wear condoms during sexual intercourse. Methods. Fifty female commercial sex workers who worked in the Yong San area were recruited while outreach was performed and forty eight responses were analyzed due to two incomplete questionnaires. The data were collected on June 28, 2004 as part of an outreach program for condom use promotion. Results. The subjects ranged in age from 21 to 45 years. Nearly half of the subjects ($47.9\%$) did not consistently use condoms. The major reason for not using protection was clients' reluctances for using condoms. When condoms were used, the subjects preferred lubricant-rich and less painful condom during intercourse. Conclusion. Due to the inconsistent use of condoms, it is clear that many commercial sex workers and clients are susceptible to sexually transmitted diseases. Therefore, it is important to not only educate commercial sex workers, but also to educate their pimps and clientele about the importance of condom use. In general, it is recommended that practical strategies and a policy for condom use promotion be developed.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.397-406
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate changes in knowledge about AIDS, attitude toward AIDS Patients and intention to use condoms after AIDS education. Method: The subjects of this study were 1,900 middle school and high school students in Jollanam-do, Gyeongsangnam-do. Ulsan City, and Daegu City in Korea. Data were collected from September 1st to November 30th 2004 through a questionnaire survey after the subjects received AIDS education. The SPSS 12.0 program was used to analyze the data. Results: There were significant changes in the mean of knowledge (t=-27.02, p=.000), attitude (t=-24.14, p=.000) and intention to use condoms (t=-10.72, p=.000) between before and after the AIDS education. However, only 64.92% of the subjects showed improvement in knowledge about AIDS, 53.39% in attitude toward AIDS person and 19.7% in intention to use condoms. Conclusions: In order to measure the effect of AIDS education. it is necessary to investigate the degree of changes in students brought by the AIDS education as well as changes in the mean value between before and after the AIDS education.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors to predict of condom use for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among sex workers in a Korean community. The theoretical ground of this study was the Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior. Method: A descriptive, cross sectional and retrospective research design was employed in this study. A total of 100 sex workers who take a clinical check-up on STDs regularly at W Public Health Center were recruited by convenient sampling, and with consent to participate in this study. All of the measures were piloted, and the reliability of each scale ranged from 0.7 to 0.9. Data were analyzed using discriminating function analysis with SPSS-PC. Results: Five independent measures (partner preference for using condoms, subjects desire to prevent STD, age, type of relationship and sexual self-determination) contributed significantly to the best discriminating function. The discriminating function analysis resulted in correct classification of 83.1% of the respondents into their corresponding groups. Conclusion: Condoms are a main means of STDs prevention. Risk-reduction interventions that enhance communication skills and intrinsic motivation will be effective in increasing condom use to prevent STDs among sex workers.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.751-759
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• 2004

Purpose: The aim of this study was to design and evaluate a scale for measuring the attitudes toward condom use in sexual relationships. Method: A questionnaire was administered to 631 college students using a convenience sampling method. The psychometric properties (reliability and validity) were evaluated. Result: As a result of the item analysis, 16 items were selected and the internal consistency alpha coefficient was .88. Results indicated that the condom attitude scale is composed of three factors: Interruption of sexual pleasure; Protection; and Image. The three factors accounted for 59.54% of the variance in the total scale. Also, condom attitude was statistically significant (t=7.389, p=.000) between consistent condom users and inconsistent users. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that condom attitudes are multidimensional, and the reliability and validity of the scale was supported.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.22-33
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• 1989

Rapid socio-cultural and economic changes in the country has brought with it changes in the society's value system. For a traditional society that is increasingly being exposed to modernization but where sex norms are still very restrictive, the adolescent sexual mores takes on added significance. Adolescents are caught between two opposing forces, the changing environment that allows for freer and liberal mores and the traditional society that cannot keep pace with the changing environment and therefore demands resistance to changes. This paper focuses on problems of adolescent sexuality in this country and considers the countermeasures for the existing problems. Amongst the problems are: (a) increasingly younger age of the adolescents who start sexual intercourse (b) non-use of contraception, (c) unwanted pregnancies, (d) increase in the number of induced abortion and (e) increase in the number of unwanted children and unmarried mothers. The Korean adolescent's sexual behavior seems to follow that of the developed countries. In other words, many western modes of life and sexual values seem to bave been copied in Korea and yet Korean adolescents lack in their knowledge of sex related matters such as reproductive physiology and contraception. Among middle and high school students, female students are reported to have less knowledge on sex than male students according to a 1988 survey by KIPH. Even among the unmarried famale factory workers, only 42.5 percent replied they know of the condom, and 25.1 percent and 23.1 percent said they had knowledge of spermicide and menstrual regulation respectively. However, 14.9 percent and 13.9 percent reported that they had a knowledge of the loop and female sterilization respectively according to the 1984 study by KIPH. Among the middle school students 0.8 percent said they had experience in sexual intercourse, while 7.3 percent of the high school students reported having had sexual intercourse. The sexual intercourse experience rate among the unmarried female factory workers is 37.8 percent. Among those female factory workers with sexual experience, 46.7 percent had more than one sex partners. Only 39.1 percent of male students and 18.9 percent of female students among those with sexual intercourse experience have used contraceptives. mostly condoms and oral pills 45.1 percent of female factory workers with sexual intercourse experience used contraceptives such as pills, condoms and rhythm methods. The pregnancy experience rate among the female factory workers who had experience in sexual intercourse is 29.5 percent, which is 11.1 percent among the total respondents. Out of the 102 pregnant female workers, 98 workers(96.1 percent) terminated their pregnancy by induced abortion and 2 workders(2 percent) in natural abortion, while 1 worker(1 percent) was in pregnancy and another 1 worker had normal birth that was subsequently sent to orphanage. In order to cope with the problem of adolescent sexuality, a drastic and strong policy measures should be taken by the government. The most effective countermeasure to the adolescent sexual problems appears to the education. The sex and population education in the school is very much in need. In addition, sex education program through mass media and at the job sit-should be promoted for a healthy development of adolescents' sexual behavior. Also, the existing national family planning program, which has focused on the married couples, should be extended to the unmarried people in its scope and contents of the program.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.181-186
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• 2018

Nitrosamines are the nitrosocompounds which are produced by nitrosation reactions of the secondary amine and nitrite, and has been found to be produced through the vulcanization process during the production of rubber products Recently, nitrosamines have been detected in rubber products and become a major topic. Condoms are disposable medical devices, so safety is important because they come into direct contact with the skin and mucous membranes. In this study, we developed an analytical method for nitrosamines in condoms by applying ISO 29941 method. The samples were eluted by distilled water, and target compounds were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane. And then after concentrated, and quantitatively analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The accuracies of the analytical method were ranged from 85.8 to 108.7%, precisions were lower than 11.5%, and the detection limits were from 0.11 (NDPA and NDBA) to 0.48 (NPYR) ng/mL. Among the 31 condom samples, NDBA was detected from 2 cases by extraction of distilled water, and NDMA were detected from 1 case, NDEA from 4 cases and NDBA from 26 cases by extraction of artificial saliva (pH 4.5). The total amount of nitrosamines in all samples were less than $500{\mu}g/kg$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.48-58
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was to identify the factors that influence sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among adolescents in Korea. Methods: The data from the 10~12th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2014~2016) were used to assess the effects of individual, family, and school-related factors on sexually transmitted infections. The participants of this study were 9,760 adolescents who had experienced sexual intercourse. The participants consisted of 6,905 boys and 2,855 girls. Results: Out of 9,760 adolescents with sexual intercourse experience, 9.7% (908) had STIs. Grade, substance abuse, age at first sexual intercourse, having sexual intercourse after drinking alcohol, the type of sex partner and family structure were significantly related STIs in both boys and girls. Using condoms was related to STIs only in boys. Drinking alcohol and smoking were related to STIs only in girls. However, sex education at school was not related to STIs in both boys and girls. Conclusion: In this study, Individual and family factors were associated with STIs in male and female adolescents. The results of this study suggest the need for systematic research on the factors influencing STIs and health eduation for STI prevention.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.43-55
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was (a) to synthesize studies of condom use among South Korean college students, and (b) to appraise the quality of each article using Gough's weight of evidence. Methods: Studies published in English and Korean were searched in electronic databases using the terms "student or college student or university student or undergraduate", "condom", and "Korea*". Results: Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria, showed appropriate quality, and were therefore selected for review. The variables related to condom use were measured in terms of condom-related factors, factors related to non-condom-related knowledge and attitudes, and other factors. Knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy were associated with condom use, and there were differences in condom-related factors among men and women. Conclusion: Based on these findings, it was confirmed that sexual education is needed for both men and women to promote condom use. Education on condom use should not only focus directly on condoms, but should also address other aspects of knowledge and attitudes to influence health beliefs. In addition, developing educational programs targeting adolescents and parents will have a positive effect on college students' condom use.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.73-82
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to explore sexual behaviors among adolescents in multicultural families in Korea. The data were obtained from the 15th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2019. Complex-sample descriptive statistics and the chi-square test were used for data analysis in SPSS 25. Among adolescents in multicultural families, 8.2% reported having sexual experience. Condoms were the most commonly used contraceptive method, and most adolescents received sex education at school. Their likelihood of sexual experience differed according to grade, academic achievement, economic status, residential area, perceived stress, and drinking and smoking experience (p<.001). The results of this study suggest that sex education should be conducted with appropriate consideration of the important factors associated with adolescents in multicultural families.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.105-122
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• 2009

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes (discrimination towards HIV/AIDS and lives with HIV infected persons) and HIV/AIDS related sexual behaviors among middle school and high school students in Seoul, Korea. Methods: The population of this study was junior and senior high school students in Seoul, Korea. Eight junior high schools and eight senior high schools were randomly selected from Seoul City. Two thousand nine hundred and ninety-six responses from the sixteen schools were analyzed (fifty-nine were excluded). A self-administered questionnaire measuring socio-demographic variables, knowledge of HIV/AIDS, as well as discriminatory attitudes of HIV/AIDS was utilized. Results: The level of HIV/AIDS knowledge was low and the levels of discriminatory attitudes were high. The results indicated that students had considerable misconceptions about HIV transmission as well as stigmatizing attitudes towards HIV-infected people and their lives. The proportions of sexual intercourse were 1.3 % for middle school students and 7.7% for high school students. Only 30.7% of current sexually active subjects were to use condoms at the last step of sexual intercourse. The HIV/AIDS related risk-taking behavior were predicted by gender, school types, parents' marital status, reported academic performances, and attitudes towards to homosexuals. Conclusions: It is important to design HIV prevention strategies that improve in the knowledge of HIV transmission for adolescents in Korea.