• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 춘계 학술발표회
• /
• pp.388-395
• /
• 2009

Steel casing used to keep a borehole wall in the construction of drilled shaft increases the vertical and lateral stiffness and strength of pile, but it is usually pulled out or ignored due to the absence of standard or the problem of erosion of steel casing. In order to make use of steel casing as a permanent structure, this study carried out an experimental work for the steel-concrete composite pile. Four types of piles were used to estimate the lateral behavior of piles, which are reinforced concrete pile, steel pile and steel-concrete composite pile with and without reinforcing bar. The subgrade-reaction spring system was developed to simulate the lateral stiffness of soil in laboratory. Also, the composite loading system which can apply the axial and lateral load simultaneously was employed.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.17-29
• /
• 2017

The seismic performance of steel beam to concrete-encased composite column with unsymmetrical steel section joints is investigated and reported within this paper. Experimental and analytical evaluation were conducted on a total of 8 specimens with T-shaped and L-shaped steel section under lateral cyclic loading and axial compression. The test parameters included concrete strength, stirrup ratio and axial compression ratio. The response of the specimens was presented in terms of their hysterisis loop behavior, stress distribution, joint shear strength, and performance degradation. The experiment indicated good structural behavior and good seismic performance. In addition, a three-dimensional nonlinear finite-element analysis simulating was conducted to simulate their seismic behaviors. The finite-element analysis incorporated both bond-slip relationship and crack interface interaction between steel and concrete. The results were also compared with the test data, and the analytical prediction of joint shear strength was satisfactory for both joints with T-shaped and L-shaped steel section columns. The steel beam to concrete-encased composite column with unsymmetrical steel section joints can develop stable hysteretic response and large energy absorption capacity by providing enough stirrups and decreased spacing of transverse ties in column.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.91-105
• /
• 2020

Steel-concrete composite beam with profiled steel sheet has gained its popularity in the last two decades. Due to the ageing of these structures, retrofitting in terms of flexural strength is necessary to ensure that the aged structures can carry the increased traffic load throughout their design life. The steel ribs, which presented in the profiled steel deck, limit the use of shear connectors. This leads to a poor degree of composite action between the concrete slab and steel beam compared to the solid slab situation. As a result, the shear connectors that connects the slab and beam will be subjected to higher shear stress which may also require strengthening to increase the load carrying capacity of an existing composite structure. While most of the available studies focus on the strengthening of longitudinal shear and flexural strength separately, the present work investigates the effect of both flexural and longitudinal shear strengthening of steel-concrete composite beam with composite slab in terms of failure modes, ultimate load carrying capacity, ductility, end-slip, strain profile and interface differential strain. The flexural strengthening was conducted using carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) or steel plate on the soffit of the steel I-beam, while longitudinal shear capacity was enhanced using post-installed high strength bolts. Moreover, a combination of both the longitudinal shear and flexural strengthening techniques was also implemented (hybrid strengthening). It is concluded that hybrid strengthening improved the ultimate load carrying capacity and reduce slip and interface differential strain that lead to improved composite action. However, hybrid strengthening resulted in brittle failure mode that decreased ductility of the beam.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.665-673
• /
• 2008

최근 장대 건설 구조물에 사용이 증가되고 있는 합성형 구조물에서 나타나고 있는 예기치 못한 일부 균열 현상의 구조적 원인을 분석하기 위하여, 강재복부의 수직보강재, stud 및 dowel bar의 유무, 전단철근의 간격과 콘크리트 강도 등을 실험변수로 하여 4점 재하 휨시험을 통해 강재와 철근콘크리트간의 구조적 합성거동 효과를 분석 하였다. 실험결과, 수직보강재는 강재의 국부좌굴 방지와 파괴시 강재와 콘크리트의 부착파괴를 방지하여 구조적 합성거동에 따른 단면내력(파괴하중)의 증진에 효과적인 것으로 나타났으나, 추가적으로 설치한 stud 및 dowel bar, 콘크리트의 강도와 전단철근량 등은 합성보의 휨거동에 큰 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.89-98
• /
• 2013

In recent years steel-concrete composite shear walls have been widely used in enormous high-rise buildings. Due to high strength and ductility, enhanced stiffness, stable cycle characteristics and large energy absorption, such walls can be adopted in the auxiliary building; surrounding the reactor containment structure of nuclear power plants to resist lateral forces induced by heavy winds and severe earthquakes. This paper demonstrates a set of nonlinear numerical studies on I-shaped composite steel-concrete shear walls of the nuclear power plants subjected to reverse cyclic loading. A three-dimensional finite element model is developed using ABAQUS by emphasizing on constitutive material modeling and element type to represent the real physical behavior of complex shear wall structures. The analysis escalates with parametric variation in steel thickness sandwiching the stipulated amount of concrete panels. Modeling details of structural components, contact conditions between steel and concrete, associated boundary conditions and constitutive relationships for the cyclic loading are explained. Later, the load versus displacement curves, peak load and ultimate strength values, hysteretic characteristics and deflection profiles are verified with experimental data. The convergence of the numerical outcomes has been discussed to conclude the remarks.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.405-413
• /
• 2020

Current study on the buckling analysis of steel plate in composite structures normally focuses on applying finite element method to derive the buckling stress. However, it is time consuming, computationally complicated and tedious for general use in design by civil engineers. Therefore, in this study an analytical study is conducted to predict the buckling behavior of steel plates in composite structures. Hand calculation method was proposed based on energy principle. Novel buckling shapes with biquadratic functions along both loaded and unloaded direction were proposed to satisfy the boundary condition. Explicit solutions for predicting the critical local buckling stress of steel plate is obtained based on the Rayleigh-Ritz approach. The obtained results are compared with both experimental and numerical data. Good agreement has been achieved. Furthermore, the influences of key factors such as aspect ratio, width to thickness ratio, and elastic restraint stiffness on the local buckling performance are comprehensively discussed.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.123-133
• /
• 2018

Steel-concrete-steel (SCS) sandwich composite structure with corrugated-strip connectors (CSC) has the potential to be used in buildings and offshore structures. In this structure, CSCs are used to bond steel face plates and concrete. To overcome executive problems, in the proposed system by the authors, shear connectors are one end welded as double skin composites. Hence, this system double skin with corrugated-strip connectors (DSCS) is named. In this paper, finite element model (FEM) of push-out test was presented for the basic component of DSCS. ABAQUS/Explicit solver in ABAQUS was used due to the geometrical complexity of the model, especially in the interaction of the shear connectors with concrete. In order that the explicit analysis has a quasi-static behavior with a proper approximation, the kinetic energy (ALLKE) did not exceed 5% to 10% of the internal energy (ALLIE) using mass-scaling. The FE analysis (FEA) was validated against those from the push-out tests in the previous work of the authors published in this journal. By comparing load-slip curves and failure modes, FEMs with suitable analysis speed were consistent with test results.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제74권5호
• /
• pp.657-670
• /
• 2020

Due to the high compressive and tensile strength of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), UHPC used in steel concrete composite structures provided thinner concrete layer compared to ordinary concrete. This leaded to the headed stud shear connectors embedded in UHPC had a low aspect ratio. In order to systematic investigate the effect of headed stud with low aspect ratio on the structural behaviors of steel UHPC composite structure s this paper firstly carried out a test program consisted of twelve push out specimens. The effects of stud height, aspect ratio and reinforcement bars in UHPC on the structural behaviors of headed studs were investigated. The push out test results shows that the increasing of stud height did not obviously influence the structural behaviors of headed studs and the aspect ratio of 2.16 was proved enough to take full advantage of the headed stud strength. Based on the test results, the equation considering the contribution of weld collar was modified to predict the shear strength of headed stud embedded in UHPC. The modified equation could accurately predict the shear strength of headed stud by comparing with the experimental results. On the basis of push out test results, bending tests consisted of three steel UHPC composite slabs were conducted to investigate the effect of shear connection degree on the structural behaviors of composite slabs. The bending test results revealed that the shear connection degree had a significantly influence on the failure modes and ultimate resistance of composite slabs and composite slab with connection degree of 96% in s hear span exhibited a ductile failure accompanied by the tensile yield of steel plate and crushing of UHPC. Finally, analytical model based on the failure mode of composite slabs was proposed to predict the ultimate resistance of steel UHPC composite slabs with different shear connection degrees at the interface.

• 국제강구조저널
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.1177-1190
• /
• 2018

This study presents an analytical framework for estimating the thermo-mechanical behavior of a composite beam exposed to fire. The framework involves: a fire simulation from which the evolution of temperature on the structure surface is obtained; data transfer by an interface model, whereby the surface temperature is assigned to the finite element model of the structure for thermo-mechanical analysis; and nonlinear thermo-mechanical analysis for predicting the structural response under high temperatures. We use a plastic-damage model for calculating the response of concrete slabs, and propose a method to determine the stiffness degradation parameter of the plastic-damage model by a nonlinear regression of concrete cylinder test data. To validate simulation results, structural fire experiments have been performed on a real-scale steel-concrete composite beam using the fire load prescribed by ASTM E119 standard fire curve. The calculated evolution of deflection at the center of the beam shows good agreement with experimental results. The local test results as well as the effective plastic strain distribution and section rotation of the composite beam at elevated temperatures are also investigated.

• 문화기술의 융합
• /
• 제8권6호
• /
• pp.685-691
• /
• 2022

본 연구의 대상구조물은 지하철 본선 직상부에 시공된 초고층 빌딩 하중을 지지하기 위해 설치한 전이구조체인 강합성 콘크리트 박스구조물(트랜스퍼 거더)로서 연구의 목적은 대상구조물에 발생된 균열의 원인을 분석하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 강합성 콘크리트 구조물에 발생된 균열조사결과와 수치해석결과를 비교, 분석하여 강합성 콘크리트 구조물에 발생된 균열의 원인이 건조수축균열임을 해석적으로 입증하였다. 연구결과, 콘크리트 내부에 매립된 철골의 형상 및 수직보강재의 위치와 폐합 단면의 면적에 따라 외기온도에 따른 콘크리트와 강재간의 내부 온도차가 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 수직보강재의 간격이 좁은 경우 넓은 단면에 비해 상대적으로 내부 온도의 집중도가 상승하여 외기와의 온도차가 크게 발생되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 온도 및 온도에 따른 변형율이 크게 발생되는 위치와 현장균열조사 결과와 일치하는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 구조물 중앙부의 점검통로와 철골에 형성된 수직보강재 유무 및 간격에 따라 내부 온도 집중부가 형성되고 해당위치에서 강재에 의한 콘크리트의 온도신축거동이 구속되어 건조수축균열이 발생될 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 향후 강합성 콘크리트 구조물에 대한 유지관리 및 점검 시 건조수축에 의한 비구조적인 균열과 구조적인 균열을 구분하여 관리하는 것이 중요할 것으로 판단된다.