• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제57권4호
• /
• pp.360-368
• /
• 2024

Background: The left pulmonary artery (LPA) may be kinked and stenotic, especially in tetralogy of Fallot, because of ductal tissue and anterior deviation of the conal septum. If LPA stenosis is not effectively treated during total correction, surgical angioplasty is occasionally performed. However, whether pulmonary artery (PA) angioplasty in adolescents or adults improves perfusion in the ipsilateral lung remains unclear. Methods: This retrospective review enrolled patients who underwent PA angioplasty for LPA stenosis between 2004 and 2019. Among patients who underwent a lung perfusion scan (LPS) or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) pre- and post-pulmonary angioplasty, those aged >13 years with <40% left lung perfusion (p-left) in the pre-angioplasty study were included. Preoperative and postoperative computed tomography, LPS, and cMRI data were collected. The perfusion ratio was analyzed according to the LPA's anatomical characteristics. Results: Seventeen adolescents and 16 adults (≥18 years old) were finally included (median age, 17 years). The most common primary diagnosis was tetralogy of Fallot (87.9%). In all patients, LPA angioplasty was performed concomitantly with right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. No patients died. Preoperative p-left was not significantly different between adolescents and adults; however, adolescents had significantly higher postoperative p-left than adults. P-left significantly increased in adolescents, but not in adults. Seven patients had significant stenosis (z-score <-2.0) confined only to the proximal LPA and demonstrated significantly increased p-left. Conclusion: PA angioplasty significantly increased ipsilateral lung perfusion in adolescents. If focal stenosis is confined to the proximal LPA, PA angioplasty may improve ipsilateral lung perfusion, regardless of age.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제71권2호
• /
• pp.126-133
• /
• 2011

Unilateral pulmonary artery hypoplasia (UPAH) is a rare disease in adults and is frequently accompanied by a congenital cardiac anomaly at a young age. The diagnosis is usually based on computed tomography (CT), angiography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, no reports are available on retrograde flow in patients with UPAH. We describe a 68-year-old man with isolated UPAH and retrograde blood flow. He was admitted for dyspnea on exertion for the past 23 years. His diagnosis was delayed, as his symptoms and signs mimicked his underlying pulmonary diseases, such as emphysema and previous tuberculous pleurisy sequelae. A discrepancy was detected between the results of a ventilation-perfusion scan and the CT image. This was resolved by MRI, which showed retrograde blood flow from the right to the left pulmonary artery. Using MRI, we diagnosed this patient with isolated pulmonary artery hypoplasia and retrograde flow.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.202-205
• /
• 2015

Purpose: Pulmonary cement embolization after vertebroplasty is a well-known complication. The reported incidence of pulmonary cement emboli after vertebroplasty ranges frome 2.1% to 26% with much of this variation resulting from which radiographic technique is used to detect embolization. Onset and severity of symptoms are variable. Case description: We present the case of a 83-year-old women who underwent fourth lumbar vertebroplasty and subsequently had dyspnea several days later. Posteroanterior chest radiography showed multiple linear densities. Computed tomography of thorax revealed also multiple bilateral, linear hyperdensities within the lobar pulmonary artery branches are detected in axial and coronal views. Literature Reviews: Operative management of vertebral compression fractures has included percutaneous vetebroplasty for the past 25 years. Symptoms of pulmonary cement embolism can occur during procedure, but more commonly begin days to weeks, even months, after vertebroplsty. Most cases of pulmonary cement emboli with cardiovascular and pulmonary complications are treated nonoperatively with anticoagulation. Endovascular removal of large cement emboli from the pulmonary arteries is not without risk and sometimes requires open surgery for complete removal of cement pieces. Conclusion: Pulmonary cement embolism is a potentially serious complication of vertebroplasty. If a patient has chest pain or respiratory difficulty after the procedure, chest radiography and possibly advanced chest imaging studies should be performed immediately.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제60권1호
• /
• pp.118-124
• /
• 2017

Brain abscess commonly occurs secondary to an adjacent infection (mostly in the middle ear or paranasal sinuses) or due to hematogenous spread from a distant infection or trauma. Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are abnormal direct communications between the pulmonary artery and vein. We present two cases of brain abscess associated with asymptomatic pulmonary AVF. A 65-year-old woman was admitted with a headache and cognitive impairment that aggravated 10 days prior. An magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed a brain abscess with severe edema in the right frontal lobe. We performed a craniotomy and abscess removal. Bacteriological culture proved negative. Her chest computed tomography (CT) showed multiple AVFs. Therapeutic embolization of multiple pulmonary AVFs was performed and antibiotics were administered for 8 weeks. A 45-year-old woman presented with a 7-day history of progressive left hemiparesis. She had no remarkable past medical history or family history. On admission, blood examination showed a white blood cell count of 6290 cells/uL and a high sensitive C-reactive protein of 2.62 mg/L. CT and MR imaging with MR spectroscopy revealed an enhancing lesion involving the right motor and sensory cortex with marked perilesional edema that suggested a brain abscess. A chest CT revealed a pulmonary AVF in the right upper lung. The pulmonary AVF was obliterated with embolization. There needs to consider pulmonary AVF as an etiology of cerebral abscess when routine investigations fail to detect a source.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제37권8호
• /
• pp.707-710
• /
• 2004

다리기관지는 상당히 드문 기관지 기형으로 종종 슬링좌폐동맥과 동반되며 대부분 영아에서 진단되거나 부검에서 발견된다. 본 증례는 29세 여자 환자로 과거력상 특이병력이 없었으며 2년 전 폐결핵을 치료한 뒤 최근 한 달간의 발열, 기침, 가래를 주소로 내원하여 시행한 기관지내시경 및 흉부 전산화단층촬영 검사에서 다리기관지와 이와 동반된 무기폐로 진단되었다. 다리기관지는 좌측 주기관지에서 기시하여 종격동을 지나 우중엽과 우하엽과 연결되어 있었으며 동반된 폐동맥이상은 없었다. 수술은 우중엽 및 하엽 이엽절제술을 시행하였다.

• 대한영상의학회지
• /
• 제85권2호
• /
• pp.474-479
• /
• 2024

Mucormycosis는 Mucorales에 의해 유발되는 진균 감염으로, 다양한 장기를 침범할 수 있으며 그중에서도 폐점균증은 드물지만 특히 면역 저하 환자에서 생명을 위협하는 기회 감염이다. 폐점균증의 영상 소견은 다양하지만, 폐점액진균증 환자에서 점점 커지는 폐동맥색전증을 모방하는 경우는 드물게 보고되었다. 저자들은 골수이형성 증후군 환자에서 종괴와 폐색전증을 모방한 혈관 침습성 점막 진균증의 증례에 대해 보고하고자 한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제44권6호
• /
• pp.432-436
• /
• 2011

We herein present a case of a successful correction of cor triatriatum associated with thrombotic pulmonary hypertension diagnosed in an adult female patient. We confirmed diagnosis using transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography in addition to cardiac computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Surgical repair comprised excision of the fibromuscular membranous septum in the left atrium, patch closure of an atrial septal defect, and reconstruction of the pulmonary arteries with a vascular graft. Cor triatriatum complicated pulmonary thrombotic hypertension with atrial septal defect is amenable to surgical correction with satisfactory results.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제51권3호
• /
• pp.205-208
• /
• 2018

A 71-year-old female patient was admitted to the emergency department with sudden aggravation of chest pain and severe dyspnea. Computed tomography showed extensive pulmonary thromboembolism. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was instituted due to sudden bradycardia and hypotension. An emergency operation was performed. However, chronic pulmonary thromboembolism combined with an acute pulmonary embolism was detected in the operating room. Embolectomy and endarterectomy were performed. ECMO was then discontinued. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 13 with warfarin for anticoagulation. The patient was followed up for 46 months as an outpatient without further thromboembolic events.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.330-334
• /
• 2017

The aim of this study was to establish an injection protocol of a test bolus and a main bolus of contrast material for computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for visualizing optimal pulmonary arteries in normal beagle dogs. CTPA using a test bolus method from either protocol A or B were performed in each of four normal beagle dogs. In protocol A, CTPA was conducted with a scan duration for around 8 s, setting the contrast enhancement peak of the pulmonary trunk in the middle of the scan duration. The arrival time to the contrast enhancement peak was predicted from a previous dynamic scan using a test bolus (150 mg iodine/kg) injected with the same injection duration using for a main bolus (450 mg iodine/kg). In protocol B, CTPA was started at the predicted appearance time of contrast material in the pulmonary trunk based on a previous dynamic scan using a test bolus injected with the same injection rate as a main bolus. CTPA using protocol A showed the optimal opacification of the pulmonary artery with pulmonary venous contamination. Proper CTPA images in the absence of venous contamination were obtained in protocol B. CTPA with a scan duration for 8 s should be started at the appearance time of contrast enhancement in the pulmonary trunk, which can be identified exactly when a test bolus is injected at the same injection rate used for the main bolus.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.564-573
• /
• 1999

배 경: 폐색전증의 임상증상은 비특이적이어서 임상증상 만으로 진단이 어렵다. 폐색전증의 진단을 위하여 폐환기관류주사가 선별검사로 널리 사용되고 있으나 PIOPED(the prospective investigation of pulmonary embolism diagnosis) 연구의 결과처럼 저 중등도 확률 소견일 경우 폐색전증의 진단을 내리거나 배제하는데 도움이 되지 않으며 PIOPED 연구의 약 60%의 환자가 저 중등도 확률 소견을 보인다. 이러한 환자들은 확진을 위해 폐동맥조영술이 필요하지만 침습적이며 쉽게 시행할 수 없다는 단점이 있다. 최근 가공 영상을 줄이고 조영제 일시주사 기술로 혈관구조를 조영할 수 있게 한 spiral CT가 폐동맥조영술을 대신하여 폐색전증의 진단에 이용하는 전향적 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 이에 저자들은 폐색전증의 진단에서 spiral CT의 유용성을 알아보고자 폐색전증을 의심하여 spiral CT를 찍은 환자를 대상으로 후향적 조사를 시행하였다. 방 법: 1994년 10월부터 1997년 2월까지 삼성서울병원에 입원한 환자 중 폐색전증이 의심되어 spiral CT를 시행한 20명(남자 : 13명, 여자 : 7명, 평균연령 : 58세)을 대상으로 하였다. 폐색전증의 위험인자로 심부정맥혈전증과 고령이 가장 많았고 폐색전증이 의심된 임상증상으로 갑자기 발생하였거나 악화된 호흡곤란이 가장 많았다. 결 과: 20명의 환자 중 spiral CT로 폐색전증으로 진단된 환자는 16명이었고 3명은 각각 폐암, 폐기종 환자에서 발생한 폐농양을 동반한 폐렴, 울혈성 심부전에 의한 흉막삼출증으로 색전을 확인할 수 없었다. 나머지 1명은 spiral CT에서 정상 소견이었다. 폐환기관류주사에서 고확률로 판정된 12명의 환자중 1명에서 spiral CT로 폐기종 환자에서 발생한 폐농양을 동반한 폐렴인 위양성으로 진단할 수 있었다. 폐환기관류주사에서 저 중동도 확률을 보이는 4명 중 3명에서 spiral CT로 폐색전증을 진단할 수 있었다. 야간, 기계호흡 등의 이유로 폐환기관류주사를 시행치 못한 3명에서 spiral CT로 폐색전증을 진단 또는 배제할수 있었다. 폐색전증으로 진단된 16명 중에서 폐엽동맥 수준 이상의 색전은 11례 였으며 분절하동맥 수준 이하의 색전 경우는 5례였다. 결 론: 이상의 결과로 spiral CT는 폐분절동맥까지의 폐색전증의 진단에 유용하며, 특히 중심성 폐색전증의 확진과 배제에 있어서 중요한 진단방법이라고 생각된다. 향후 폐색전증의 진단에 spiral CT가 진단과정에 도입될 수 있는지에 대한 대규모의 전향적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.