DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Establishment of Injection Protocol of Contrast Material in Pulmonary Angiography using Test Bolus Method and 16-Detector-Row Computed Tomography in Normal Beagle Dogs

  • Choi, Sooyoung (College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Kwon, Younghang (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Park, Hyunyoung (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Kwon, Kyunghun (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Kija (College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Park, Inchul (College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Choi, Hojung (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Youngwon (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University)
  • Received : 2017.07.17
  • Accepted : 2017.08.11
  • Published : 2017.10.31

Abstract

The aim of this study was to establish an injection protocol of a test bolus and a main bolus of contrast material for computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for visualizing optimal pulmonary arteries in normal beagle dogs. CTPA using a test bolus method from either protocol A or B were performed in each of four normal beagle dogs. In protocol A, CTPA was conducted with a scan duration for around 8 s, setting the contrast enhancement peak of the pulmonary trunk in the middle of the scan duration. The arrival time to the contrast enhancement peak was predicted from a previous dynamic scan using a test bolus (150 mg iodine/kg) injected with the same injection duration using for a main bolus (450 mg iodine/kg). In protocol B, CTPA was started at the predicted appearance time of contrast material in the pulmonary trunk based on a previous dynamic scan using a test bolus injected with the same injection rate as a main bolus. CTPA using protocol A showed the optimal opacification of the pulmonary artery with pulmonary venous contamination. Proper CTPA images in the absence of venous contamination were obtained in protocol B. CTPA with a scan duration for 8 s should be started at the appearance time of contrast enhancement in the pulmonary trunk, which can be identified exactly when a test bolus is injected at the same injection rate used for the main bolus.

Keywords

References

  1. Awai K, Hori S. Effect of contrast injection protocol with dose tailored to patient weight and fixed injection duration on aortic and hepatic enhancement at multidetector-row helical CT. Eur Radiol 2003; 13: 2155-2160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-003-1904-x
  2. Bae KT. Intravenous contrast medium administration and scan timing at CT: considerations and approaches. radiol 2010; 256: 32-61. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.10090908
  3. Bae KT, Heiken JP, Brink JA. Aortic and hepatic peak enhancement at CT: effect of contrast medium injection rate--pharmacokinetic analysis and experimental porcine model. radiol 1998; 206: 455-464. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.206.2.9457200
  4. Cassel N, Carstens A, Becker P. The comparison of bolus tracking and test bolus techniques for computed tomography thoracic angiography in healthy beagles. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2013; 84: 00-00.
  5. Chan H-P, Hadjiiski L, Zhou C, Sahiner B. Computer-aided diagnosis of lung cancer and pulmonary embolism in computed tomography-A review. Acad Radiol 2008; 15: 535-555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2008.01.014
  6. Crosara S, Ljungvall I, Margiocco ML, Haggstrom J, Tarducci A, Borgarelli M. Use of contrast echocardiography for quantitative and qualitative evaluation of myocardial perfusion and pulmonary transit time in healthy dogs. Am J Vet Res 2012; 73: 194-201. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.73.2.194
  7. Goggs R, Benigni L, Fuentes VL, Chan DL. Pulmonary thromboembolism. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2009; 19: 30-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00388.x
  8. Goggs R, Chan D, Benigni L, Hirst C, Kellett-Gregory L, Fuentes V. Comparison of computed tomography pulmonary angiography and point-of-care tests for pulmonary thromboembolism diagnosis in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2014; 55: 190-197. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.12185
  9. Habing A, Coelho JC, Nelson N, Brown A, Beal M, Kinns J. Pulmonary angiography using 16 slice multidetector computed tomography in normal dogs. Vet Radiol Ultra 2011; 52: 173-178. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2010.01770.x
  10. Henzler T, Meyer M, Reichert M, Krissak R, Nance JW, Haneder S, et al. Dual-energy CT angiography of the lungs: comparison of test bolus and bolus tracking techniques for the determination of scan delay. Eur J Radiol 2012; 81: 132-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.06.023
  11. Jeong HJ, Vakil P, Sheehan JJ, Shah SJ, Cuttica M, Carr JC, et al. Time-resolved magnetic resonance angiography: Evaluation of intrapulmonary circulation parameters in pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 33: 225-231. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.22428
  12. Johnson LR, Lappin MR, Baker DC. Pulmonary thromboembolism in 29 dogs: 1985-1995. J Vet Intern Med 1999; 13: 338-345.
  13. Kilic K, Erbas G, Ucar M, Akkan K, Tokgoz N, Arac M, et al. Determination of lowest possible contrast volume in computed tomography pulmonary angiography by using pulmonary transit time. Jpn J Radiol 2014; 32: 90-97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11604-013-0274-9
  14. LaRue M, Murtaugh R. Pulmonary thromboembolism in dogs: 47 cases (1986-1987). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990; 197: 1368.
  15. Makara M, Dennler M, Kuehn K, Kalchofner K, Kircher P. Effect of contrast medium injection duration on peak enhancement and time to peak enhancement of canine pulmonary arteries. Vet Radiol Ultra 2011; 52: 605-610. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2011.01850.x
  16. Norris C, Griffey S, Samii V. Pulmonary thromboembolism in cats: 29 cases (1987-1997). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999; 215: 1650-1654.
  17. Ramadan SU, Kosar P, Sonmez I, Karahan S, Kosar U. Optimisation of contrast medium volume and injectionrelated factors in CT pulmonary angiography: 64-slice CT study. Eur Radiol 2010; 20: 2100-2107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-010-1782-y
  18. Rodrigues J, Mathias H, Negus I, Manghat N, Hamilton M. Intravenous contrast medium administration at 128 multidetector row CT pulmonary angiography: bolus tracking versus test bolus and the implications for diagnostic quality and effective dose. Clin Radiol 2012; 67: 1053-1060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2012.02.010
  19. Schermerhorn T, Pembleton-Corbett JR, Kornreich B. Pulmonary thromboembolism in cats. J Vet Intern Med 2004; 18: 533-535. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2004.tb02580.x
  20. Schoellnast H, Deutschmann HA, Berghold A, Fritz GA, Schaffler GJ, Tillich M. MDCT angiography of the pulmonary arteries: influence of body weight, body mass index, and scan length on arterial enhancement at different iodine flow rates. Am J Roentgenol 2006; 187: 1074-1078. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.05.0714
  21. Schoepf UJ, Goldhaber SZ, Costello P. Spiral computed tomography for acute pulmonary embolism. Circulation 2004; 109: 2160-2167. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000128813.04325.08
  22. Suckling T, Smith T, Reed W. A retrospective comparison of smart prep and test bolus multi-detector CT pulmonary angiography protocols. J Med Radiat Sci 2013; 60: 53-57. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmrs.17
  23. U-King-Im JM, Freeman SJ, Boylan T, Cheow HK. Quality of CT pulmonary angiography for suspected pulmonary embolus in pregnancy. Eur Radiol 2008; 18: 2709. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-008-1100-0
  24. Wang M, Li W, Lun-Hou D, Li J, Zhai R. Optimizing computed tomography pulmonary angiography using right atrium bolus monitoring combined with spontaneous respiration. Eur Radiol 2015; 25: 2541-2546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-015-3664-9