• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2018

Purpose: The objective of this study was to obtain improved susceptibility weighted images (SWI) of the cervical spinal cord using respiratory-induced artifact compensation. Materials and Methods: The artifact from $B_0$ fluctuations by respiration could be compensated using a double navigator echo approach. The two navigators were inserted in an SWI sequence before and after the image readouts. The $B_0$ fluctuation was measured by each navigator echoes, and the inverse of the fluctuation was applied to eliminate the artifact from fluctuation. The degree of compensation was quantified using a quality index (QI) term for compensated imaging using each navigator. Also, the effect of compensation was analyzed according to the position of the spinal cord using QI values. Results: Compensation using navigator echo gave the improved visualization of SWI in cervical spinal cord compared to non-compensated images. Before compensation, images were influenced by artificial noise from motion in both the superior (QI = 0.031) and inferior (QI = 0.043) regions. In most parts of the superior regions, the second navigator resulted in better quality (QI = 0.024, P < 0.01) compared to the first navigator, but in the inferior regions the first navigator showed better quality (QI = 0.033, P < 0.01) after correction. Conclusion: Motion compensation using a double navigator method can increase the improvement of the SWI in the cervical spinal cord. The proposed method makes SWI a useful tool for the diagnosis of spinal cord injury by reducing respiratory-induced artifact.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.173-184
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• 2022

Purpose : The purpose of this study was two-fold: to identify the effect of dental hygienist's self-determination motivation on their job engagement and to analyze the moderating effect of compensation satisfaction that affect the relevance. Methods : Data were collected using a structured self-report questionnaire administered to 260 dental hygienists working in dental hospitals and clinics in Busan, South Korea. These were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26.0 and SPSS Process Macro 3.5. A frequency analysis, including the respondents' general characteristics, frequency, percentages, and standard deviations, was performed. A regression analysis was also performed using SPSS Process Macro to verify the moderating effect of compensation satisfaction in the effect of self-determination motivation on job engagement. Results : The self-determination motivation of the dental hygienists had a statistically significant positive effect on their job engagement, which was the dependent variable. Higher intangible compensation satisfaction levels led to a stronger effect of intrinsic motivation but a weaker effect of extrinsic motivation on job engagement. Moreover, higher tangible compensation satisfaction levels strengthened the effect of intrinsic motivation on job engagement. Conclusion : Recently, the demand for oral health care has been increasing, Competition in the dental medical service market warrants, high-quality dental services based on accurate diagnosis and treatment. In this context, dental hygienists' job engagement must be improved. For this purpose, increasing the satisfaction of dental hygienists with self-determination motivation and appropriate compensation is effective. In addition, attention must be paid to the moderating effect of compensation satisfaction on the relationship between intrinsic motivation and job engagement. On the basis of the implications of this study, the results can be used as basic data for improving dental hygienists' welfare system and manpower management.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.263-270
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• 2024

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of dental hygienists' cooperation and compensation satisfaction on job embeddedness through positive psychological capital, and to provide basic data on ways to improve the welfare of dental hygienists and the quality of medical services. Methods: From July 1 to 20, 2023, a questionnaire survey was administered to 206 dental hygienists via an online link. SPSS Statistics ver. 22.0 was used to conduct the frequency analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, multiple regression analysis and hierarchical multiple regression. Results: Factors influencing dental hygienists' job embeddedness were type of compensation satisfaction (β=0.362, p<0.001), intangible compensation satisfaction (β=0.190, p<0.001), cooperation between dental hygienists (β=0.178, p<0.05), and age (β=0.112, p<0.05). Positive psychological capital was found to have a complete mediating effect on work cooperation in the effect of dental hygienists' job embeddedness (p>0.05), and partial mediating effect on compensation satisfaction (p<0.01). As a result of the Sobel test, it was confirmed that it was statistically significant as dental hygienist work cooperation (Z=2.339, p=0.019), dentist work cooperation (Z=1.985, p=0.047), intangible compensation satisfaction (Z=2.286, p=0.022), and type compensation satisfaction (Z=1.980, p=0.048). Conclusions: In order to improve the work environment of dental hygienists, develop programs to improve positive psychological capital, secure access to education, and various related studies are needed.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권10호
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• pp.2448-2463
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• 2013

The traditional block-based motion compensation methods in frame rate up-conversion (FRUC) only use a single uniquely motion vector field. However, there will always be some mistakes in the motion vector field whether the advanced motion estimation (ME) and motion vector analysis (MA) algorithms are performed or not. Once the motion vector field has many mistakes, the quality of the interpolated frame is severely affected. In order to solve the problem, this paper proposes a novel joint overlapped block motion compensation method (8J-OBMC) which adopts motion vectors of the interpolated block and its 8-neighbor blocks to jointly interpolate the target block. Since the smoothness of motion filed makes the motion vectors of 8-neighbor blocks around the interpolated block quite close to the true motion vector of the interpolated block, the proposed compensation algorithm has the better fault-tolerant capability than traditional ones. Besides, the annoying blocking artifacts can also be effectively suppressed by using overlapped blocks. Experimental results show that the proposed method is not only robust to motion vectors estimated wrongly, but also can to reduce blocking artifacts in comparison with existing popular compensation methods.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.53-74
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• 1991

Interest on ocean environment has increased with the development of industrialized activities. Public marine resorces are defined broadly to include fish stocks, beaches, marine waters, recreational fishing, biota, waterfowls, shorebirds, seabirds and marine mammals But, it is not easy to analyze compensation for injury to publicly owned marine resources because the claimants do not exist clearly and the economic methodology of damage on public goods is not developed fully. This paper introduces basic idea of welfare economic theory and environmental legislation to the research question : How the economics and law can be applied to the case of damage on publicly owned marine resource. The paper discusses the concepts of willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to accept (WTA). It is accepted generally that WTA is correct concept of welfare change in the case of damaged public goods. Four methods (compensating variation, equivalent variation, compensating surplus, equivalent surplus of measuring welfare changes are compared. Compensating variation(CV) is the best measure of welfare changes are compared. Compensating variation(CV) is the best measure of welfare changes caused by environmental damage. Vartia (1983) showed CV could be measured from the ordinary demand function using the differential equations. This paper also provides an overview of the emerging U.S. and Korea legal system for compensation for natural resource damages, with particular emphasis on U.S. legal system under Comprehensive Environmen-tal Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA). These regulations are to include two different types of standardized procedures for assessing natural resources injury : Type A or simplified assessment techniques for small releases ; and Type B protocols that would include detailed and extensive assessment methodologies for major releases. Type A procedures are specified by Natural Resources Damage Assessment Model for Coastal and Marine Environment (NRDAM/CME) of the U.S. CERCLA provides a legal 'legitimization for the use of economic-based nonmarket valuation in the courts and have introduced appropriate and accurate nonmarket valuation methods based on willingness to-pay for damage assessment. By briefly reviewing economic theory and environmental legislation, we hope to help provide a better understanding of the compensation process and the economics of publicly owned marine resources in the U.S. and to integrate the economics and law of natural resources valuation into a single comprehensive package in Korea.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.40-50
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• 1994

본 논문에서는 3차원 음향 인텐시티 프로브의 고주파 영역에서 발생하는 감도 저하 현상을 보정하는 방법에 대해 연구하였다. 고주파 영역에서 측정오차는 음향 인텐시티 프로브를 구성하는 마이크로폰으로 수음한 신호들의 위상차로 인하여 발생한다. 이 오차는 마이크로폰 사이의 간격보다 측정대상 음향신호의 파장일 작을 경우, 즉 신호의 주파수가 높을수록 크게 발생한다. 이 연구에서는 두개의 마이크로폰으로 구성된 1차원 프로브의 보정법들을 제안하여 그 유효성을 컴퓨터 수치계산으로 검토하였다. 음향 인텐시티 프로브를 구성하는 마이크로폰 사이의 위상차를 음원의 추정된 방향으로 보정하는 방법이 가장 유용하였으며, 이를 3차원 프로브에 적용하여 임의의 방향으로 전파하는 음원에 대해 컴퓨터 수치계산으로 검증하였다. 그 결과, 4개의 마이크로폰을 60mm 간격으로 구성한 3차원 프로브로 1dB 이하의 정밀한 측정이 가능한 주파수 범위가 약 1.2kHz 이였던 것을 제안한 보정방법을 적용한 후, 약 2.8kHz까지 감도가 향상됨이 확인되어 제안한 보정법의 유효성이 증명되었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.444-453
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• 2007

최근에 전기 아-크로의 보급과 그 운전으로 전력계통에 전압플리커 및 유효전력변동과 같은 전력품질상의 문제가 발생될 가능성이 높은 것으로 보고되고 있다. 이 문제를 해결할 수 있는 방법에는 대표적으로 무효전력보상방법이 있는데, 이것은 유효전력변동의 전력품질문제해결에는 한계가 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 이의 해결책으로서 X/R 비율에 근거한 유효전력보상 개념과 그 최적앨고리즘을 제안하여 이의 타당성을 모델링과 시뮬레이션을 통하여 검증하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.2367-2374
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 이기종 음성 인식 시스템에 독립적으로 적용할 수 있는 음성 향상 기법을 제안한다. 잡음 환경 음성 인식에 효과적인 것으로 알려져 있는 특징 보상 기법이 효과적으로 적용되기 위해서는 특징 추출 기법와 음향 모델이 음성 인식 시스템과 일치해야 한다. 상용화된 음성 인식 시스템에 부가적으로 전처리 기법을 적용하는 상황과 같이, 음성 인식 시스템에 대한 정보가 알려져 있지 않은 상황에서는 기존의 특징 보상 기법을 적용하기가 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 PCGMM 기반의 특징 보상 기법에서 얻어지는 이득을 이용하는 음성 향상 기술을 제안한다. 실험 결과에서는 본 논문에서 제안하는 기법이 미지의 (Unknown) 음성 인식 시스템 적용 환경에서 기존의 전처리 기법에 비해 다양한 잡음 및 SNR 조건에서 월등한 인식 성능을 나타내는 것을 확인한다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.461-472
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• 2021

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the differences in EC concentrations according to the type of sampler by measuring and analyzing EC. Methods: Elemental carbon was measured in diesel engine vehicles and at the roadside. Using NIOSH method 5040, a cassette was coupled to 37 mm and 27 mm quartz filters and measurements were performed 21 times. There were 14 types of measurement methods, and polystyrene, polypropylene, and metal samplers were evenly placed inside the movable chamber. Results: The results measured using the 37 mm conductive cassette (closed/open) and the IOM sampler made of conductive materials showed a higher ratio than the other results. When the 37 mm conductive cassette was measured with the lid open, it showed a statistically significantly higher ratio than with other measurement methods (p<0.05). Conclusions: Checking the EC concentration a total of 21 times at each ratio based on the concentration of the 3-stage polystyrene cassette, it was statistically significantly higher when the 37 mm conductive cassette was open. This same cassette also showed a slightly higher EC concentration when closed. It was ascertained that some DEE was collected on the cassette wall surface due to the electrical conductivity of the polystyrene cassette, resulting in sample loss. Since EC is composed of fine particles, it is thought that electrical conductivity may affect its concentration.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.194-204
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to learn the status of occupational injuries and illnesses among Korean nurses. Methods: Thirty four articles published between 1990 and 2007 were selected using keywords as nurse and back pain, musculoskeletal symptom, violence, needle stick injuries and latex allergy from the database. The 609 RN cases among the workers' compensation data from 2005 to 2007 were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: Based on the analysis of the articles, the most frequent work-related illness and injuries were the musculoskeletal symptoms including back pain. The prevalence of back pain was ranged from 36.5% to 98.5%. Tuberculosis cases were the most frequent and the musculoskeletal cases were the second rank in the workers' compensation data. In the case of violence, there has been an increasing tendency since 2000 in the articles and workers' compensation data. The relatively high percentage of compensation cases occurred among the ones working in small institutions and with less than one year experience. Conclusion: The further research on the nurses' work-related illness and injuries needs to consider the measurement tool selection and longitudinal design. The various types of contribution to the occupational health in nursing is suggested to improve the nurses' health and safety.