• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.43
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• pp.397-422
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• 2009

Electronic trade reduces additional costs generated from the issuing and management of paper documents, and overcomes the physical limitations of commercial transactions as well as the geographical and time limitations resulting from trading with foreign countries. These characteristics of electronic trade guarantees better and more effective global marketing for companies. In addition, by expanding relative superiority of large corporations to medium-small sized companies, many medium-small companies have shown great interest in electronic trade to promote its exporting businesses, and implementing changes to facilitate electronic trade into their business system. Therefore, it is expected that the electronic trade will be more widely distributed and utilized by businesses of all sizes in the future. The adaptation and implementation of the electronic trade system can only have prosperous effects when there is a high efficiency in the utilization and service process of the concerned company. Under this premise, this research first examined electronic trade, characteristics of the company and information utilization as the key elements to determine the effectiveness of the utility aspect. Then it examines confirmation of product demand, registration of revenues, and authorization as the key elements to determine the level of service process.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.487-493
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• 2010

Work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) became a major problem since 2000 in shipbuilding industry. WMSDs are known to be resulted from awkward postures, high repetitive motions, excessive forces, mechanical stress and vibration. Korean government enacted a law to require companies to take measures to prevent musculoskeletal disorders at work. If there are more than 10 incidences of WMSDs or 5 incidences which are more than 10 percent of all workers in a company, this law requires a company to implement an ergonomics program. A few large companies in shipbuilding industry have already implemented or are in the process of implementing an ergonomics program. This paper presents a case study of an implementation of an ergonomics program in a Korean shipbuilding company. We audited the process of the ergonomics program in this shipbuilding company four times for 3 years. Based on the findings, this paper presents effects and problems of an ergonomics program and improvement measures of them. These findings will help companies which want to implement an ergonomics program in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.1725-1732
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• 2013

This paper deals with an approach to boost the public sector SI market in Korea. In order to promote competition powers of the software industry in Korea, a software industry promotion law has been issued, which restricts large SI companies from competing in the public sector system integration market. However, naturally many SI projects in public sectors are too large and complicated to be carried by small and medium size companies. This paper proposes an approach to reform the SI market for those small and medium size SI companies.

• The Magazine for Energy Service Companies
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• s.80
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• pp.46-53
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• 2013

ESCO에 대한 구체적인 판례를 통해 각 쟁점에 대해 분석해본다. 또한 중국과 동남아 등 ESCO시장 진출관련 법률 환경을 분석해보고, 이에 대한 해외 진출 전략을 제시해보고자 한다.

• The Magazine for Energy Service Companies
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• s.79
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• pp.44-51
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• 2012

분석대상 판례 대부분의 민사 분쟁은 아파트(입주자 대표회의) 관련 사례이며, 형사판례의 경우 사기 등 관련 사례가 대부분이다. 이에 대한 구체적인 판례를 통해 각 쟁점에 대해 분석해보고자 한다.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.18
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• pp.159-188
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• 2002

International joint ventures are usually formed and managed by domestic companies and foreign investors for the common objectives. They offer an opportunity for each partner to benefit significantly from the comparative advantages of the other. Local partners bring knowledge of the domestic market; familiarity with government bureaucracies and regulations; understanding of local labor markets; and existing manufacturing facilities. Foreign partners can offer advanced process and product technologies, management know-how, and access to export markets. In Korea, joint ventures have been encouraged to usher in foreign investors with foreign currency capital badly needed during the IMF financial crisis. In the meantime, Korean laws and regulations with respect to joint ventures have been largely overhauled to promote foreign direct investment (FDI) both inbound and outbound. They include four types of FDI, i.e., acquisition of foreign stocks, provision of long-term loans, participation in joint operations like resources development, and establishment of foreign offices. From the legal point of view, the formal joint venture agreement must be an offspring of a series of tough negotiations between domestic and foreign partners. They usually stress the long-term relationship with the good will and dedication to each other, and restrict the free transfer of stocks. Both partners are earnestly interested in the ownership and management of the joint venture. So they keep a close eye on the articles of incorporation, changes of business environment, conflict resolution methods, transparency of accounting and other financial matters. When a multinational corporation (MNC) is involved in the joint venture, conflicts over management strategies, marketing and other issues take place more often than not between the MNC and local partners. We have to pay attention to joint ventures, particularly, in China and North Korea. As witnessed in other transition economies, China is eagerly bringing in foreign direct investments for the development of nation's economy. China encourages foreign investors to establish ordinary joint ventures, contractual joint ventures, solely invested foreign capital companies and jointly operated development companies with local partners. In North Korea, however, joint ventures have a different meaning like contractual joint ventures in China, in which North Korean partners have an initiative in the management. Rather, jointly operated companies or simply processing-for-wage companies are recommended in view of the unpredictable legal infrastructure in North Korea.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.267-301
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• 2005

Following the increased economic corporations between the South and North Korea, many companies participate the corporation program. They needs insurance policy as a scheme for the transfer of risk from those individual company to it to an insurer. This paper review the possibility of the North Korea insurance authorities and research the origin, history, structure and context of the North Korea insurance law. The North Korea Insurance law differ from the South Korea and China's. North Korea Insurance authority has not capability of doing insurance business both side of underwriting and indemnity. Partly, it caused the uncertainty, insufficient and vague of the insurance law. The writer conclude that the North Korea insurance law faced to the needs of modernization. Especially, the Gyesung Industrial Complex Insurance Regulation couldn't cover the investor and company's risk because it is not based on the nature and basic principles of insurance.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.63-68
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• 2019

Recently, the United States and China have declared a 25% retaliatory tariff for the partner country products of 50 billion dollar scale. "Trade war" is getting full swing. Such conflicts between economic powers may spread to Japan like the domino phenomenon following the EU (European Union) and become bigger in the global trade war. As a result, Korea has an economic system with a high degree of external dependence, and there is an expert's analysis that it will become the largest victim of the global trade war. If the WTO Dispute Settlement Authority approves this US 301 retaliation measure in the same way as the past case (US-EU hormone-treated beef imports), the United States will not import any Chinese imported products Chinese products) can be imposed. If the US launches a special 301 or super 301, which is stronger than the regular 301, then China is very likely to enforce US retaliation against it, and the trade war between the two countries could become a reality. This phenomenon is likely to have a negative impact on Korean companies. In particular, Korea, which is highly reliant on intermediate goods exports to China, is expected to suffer a great deal of damage. Therefore, Korea needs flexible response at home and abroad, it is necessary to enhance the autonomy of companies and protect export industries. Adjusting corporate tax rate as well as domestic industry height will be one way. The long-term (21 months) trade war between the United States and China has resulted in economic uncertainty. The resulting damage must be compensated. It is necessary to prepare the compensation through the economic council between countries. In the future, the punitive damage compensation system should be introduced.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.247-256
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• 2004

Recently, International Standardization is an important issue in competitive world market because of integration of standard, liberalization of international trade and globalization. Consequently, Korean companies need a strategy about corresponding to market circumstance and global standard. In this study, we examine Intellectual Property, Patent and Antitrust Law which are related to standardization. This study suggests company strategy and system integration model to dispose the global standard.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.21-31
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• 2020

Environmental pollution and climate change in Vietnam are now becoming a major concern. This situation is increasing the pressure on the companies to improve their social responsibility in production and business activities and disclose the environmental information to meet the requirements of stakeholders. This study investigates the internal and external factors of the company that affects the environmental information disclosure of listed companies on the Vietnam stock market as business sector, firm size, corporate manager perceptions, profitability, financial leverage, community pressure, pressures from stakeholders, government pressure influencing environmental information disclosure. Analytical data collected through the survey of 120 listed companies on the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange (HOSE). By testing Cronbach's Alpha, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and logistic regression analysis, the results of the study show that the level of environmental information disclosure of listed companies on the stock market in Vietnam depends heavily on government regulations, followed by the pressure from stakeholders, community pressure, views of business managers, companies size, business sector, and particularly profitability and financial leverage factors that have a negative relationship with environmental information disclosure.