• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.261-266
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• 1979

부산 근교에서 생산되는 고등 소채류에 대한 세균오염상태를 파악하고 세척, blanching등 처리방법에 따른 세균 제거율과 IMViC system에 의한 대장균군 동정시험 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 엽채류는 과채류에 비하여 분편소대장균의 오염도가 높았다. 2. 수도수로 세척했을 때 생균수 제거율에 있어서는 약 $70\%$, 엽채류에 있어서는 약 $20\%$ 있다. 3. 엽채류를 시판 서첵제로 세척했을 때 생균수 제거율을 약 $80\%$ 수도수로 세척했을때보다 $3\~4$배의 세척 효과가 없었다. 4. 2배의 끊는물에서 1분간 blanching했을 때 생균수 잔재율은 $0.1\%$ 이하있다. 5. 대장균군의 조성은 Eschrichia colr group $18\%$ Citrobacter freundii group $22\%$, Klebsiella aerogenes group $60\%$였으며 이중 Escherichia coli type I 이 $16\%$를 차지하였다. 6. 대장균군 확정시험 배지인 BGLB의 신선성은 약 $80\%$ 였다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 1985

브로일러의 출하체중을 높이기 위한 연구의 하나로서 발생시 체중이 이후 성장에 미치는 영향력을 성별, 부계통병, 모계통별의 요인으로 나누어 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 1. 암수로 분리하여 6주령과 8주령의 평균 체중을 조사한 바 각각 1,367g, 1,948g과 1,555g, 2, 255g으로 나타나 발생시 체중이 비슷하지만 이후 성장에서는 수컷이 암컷에 비해 훨씬 크게 나타났다. 2. 성별, 부ㆍ모계통별 요인중에서 발생 이후의 성장에 가장 큰 영향을 미친 것은 성별 차이로서 6주령과 8주령 체중의 경우 전체 표현형 변이 중에서 각각 94%와 96%를 차지했다. 3. 발생시부터 8주령까지의 체중간 표현형 상관계수는 성장하면서 암수에서 모두 점차 감소하여 6주령과 8주령의 경우 암컷에서 0.15와 0.15, 숫컷에서는 0.18과 0.17로 나타났는데 상관계수의 통계검정 결과 고도로 유의하게 나타나 비록 낮지만 분명한 상관관계가 있음을 보여주었다. 4. 발생시 체중에 대한 6주령과 8주령 체중의 회귀분석 결과 암컷에서는 8.33과 10.07의 회귀계수를 얻었고 수컷에서는 7.85와 11.28의 수치를 얻었는데 모두 고도로 유의한 결과를 보였다. 이상의 분석 결과 브로일러의 발생시 체중은 이후 성장에 영향을 미치고 비록 그 정도는 약하더라도 8주령 체중에도 영향력을 나타낸다는 것을 알 수 있어서 특히 사육기간이 짧은 세미 브로일러의 경우 출하체중의 증가를 위해서는 발생시 체중을 고려해야 한다고 생각하는 바이다.

• 환경생물
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.382-388
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• 2014

최근 뱀장어 양식장에서 사육 중이던 동남아산 뱀장어에 몸통 근육의 요철현상을 나타내면서 폐사를 일으키는 질병이 발생하였다. 병어의 몸통 근육 내 환부는 흰색 또는 황색으로 변해있었다. 병리조직학적인 변화는 근조직내에 수많은 포자와 크고 작은 시스트들이 변형된 근육근섬유 내에 관찰되었다. 병어의 근육 환부를 취하여 PCR을 실시하여 H. anguillarum이 가지는 특정 유전자인 Small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU-rRNA)를 증폭하였다. 좀 더 정확한 동정을 위해 PCR product를 Cloning 후 Sequencing하여 서열들을 분석한 결과 H. anguillarum의 Small subunit ribosomal RNA (Gene bank accession number: AB623036) 서열과 일치하게 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다. primer 18F과 1537R의 PCR product는 약 1366 bp 길이가 일치하였으며, V1과 1392R를 이용한 PCR product는 1200 bp가 일치하게 나타났다. 또한 H1과 H2의 PCR product의 경우는 800 bp 정도 일치하였으며 이의 서열은 나머지 2개의 product가 공통적으로 가지고 있는 서열이었다. 이를 토대로 본 연구에서는 동남아산 뱀장어에 감염된 포자충은 H. anguillarum임을 동정할 수 있었다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.185-199
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• 2021

Vibriosis is an important septicemic bacterial disease that affects a variety of commercial fish species, including cultured Dicentrarchus labrax. Nanotechnology has become an important modern tool for fish diseases prevention. Furthermore, nanomaterials have the ability to prevent and treat fish diseases. The current study was aimed to identify the causative agent of massive mortality of D. labrax commercial farm in Alexandria, Egypt. Experimental infection and the median lethal dose (LD50) of pathogenic isolate were assessed. Also, the effect of ginger nanoparticles (GNPs) and Sacchromyces cerevisiae as feed additives for prevention of vibriosis in D. labrax was carried out. Similarly, the tissue immunstimulant genes, IL-1β and TLR2 were measured in the spleen of feeding groups. The clinical signs of naturally diseased D. labrax showed corneal opacity and paleness of gills with excessive mucous secretion. The post-mortem abnormalities were severe hemorrhage and adhesion of internal organs. After bacteriological isolation and identification, the causative agent of mortality in the current study was Vibrio alginolyticus. The LD₅₀ of V. alginolyticus was 1.5×10^5.4 CFU/ml. The experimentally infected D. labrax showed ulceration, exophthalmia and skin hemorrhages. The post-mortem findings of the experimentally infected D. labrax revealed internal hemorrhage, spleen darkness and paleness of liver. There is no mortality and 100% RPS in groups fed GNPs then injected with V. alginolyticus, in those fed a combination of GNPs and S. cerevisiae and a group fed normal diet then injected with physiological saline (control negative), respectively. Contrarily, there was 10% mortality and 87.5 RPS in the group fed S. cerevisae then injected with V. alginolyticus. On the other hand, the control positive group showed 79% mortality. The spleen IL-1β and TLR2 immunostimulant genes were significantly increased in groups of fish fed GNNP, S. cerevisiae and a combination of GNPs and S. cerevisiae, respectively compared to control group. The highest stimulation of those immunostimulant genes was found in the group fed a combination of GNPs and S. cerevisiae, while fish fed S. cerevisiae had the lowest level. Dietary combination of GNPs and S. cerevisiae was shown to be efficient in preventing of vibriosis, with greatest stimulation of spleen IL-1β and TLR2 immunostimulant genes.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.166-182
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• 1994

본 연구에서는 고등학교 지리수업이 안고 있는 대학입시 지도와의 관련성, 기초개 념의 중복성, 수업시간의 제한 등 세가지 문제점을 해결하기 위해 수업을 구조화하여 고등 사고 기능을 기를 수 있는 수업을 설계하고자 하였다. 그러기 위해서 행동이론과 구조분석 을 통합한 지리수업 설계에 대하여 단계적으로 다음과 같이 정리해 볼 수 있다. 우선, 제 1 단계로서, 학습자는 경험적인 현상의 기술인 자료를 조사하고, 과학자의 시점에 따라서 객관 성과 정확성을 유지하면서, 가설-검증의 과정을 통하여 說明的 知識에 이른다, 제 2단계에 서는, 추론적인 진술에 대한 비판적 사고를 통하여 공간구조를 분석하는 것으로 槪念的 知 識을 이론적으로 설명한다. 제 3단계에서는, 지역주민의 행위를 둘러싸고 있는 상황을 파악 하기 위해 자료를 비판적으로 다시 검토하여 사회 제도 간의 관계까지 實踐的 解釋에 이른 다. 제4단계로서는, 정보를 활용하는 능력을 기르기 위해 事例地域 學習에 대해 주체적으로 참여한다. 따라서, 행동이론과 구조분석의 통합을 통한 지리수업의 설계에서 본다면, 수업이 구조화되고 실증론에 대한 인식론적 입장에서 전개될 것이다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2014

A degenerated strain of Pleurotus eryngii KNR2312 was isolated from a commercial farm. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis performed on the genomic DNA of the normal and degenerated strains of this species revealed differences in the DNA banding pattern. A unique DNA fragment (1.7 kbp), which appeared only in the degenerated strain, was isolated and sequenced. Comparing this sequence with the KNR2312 genomic sequence showed that the sequence of the degenerated strain comprised three DNA regions that originated from nine distinct scaffolds of the genomic sequence, suggesting that chromosome-level changes had occurred in the degenerated strain. Using the unique sequence, three sets of PCR primers were designed that targeted the full length, the 5' half, and the 3' half of the DNA. The primer sets P2-1 and P2-2 yielded 1.76 and 0.97 kbp PCR products, respectively, only in the case of the degenerated strain, whereas P2-3 generated a 0.8 kbp product in both the normal and the degenerated strains because its target region was intact in the normal strain as well. In the case of the P2-1 and P2-2 sets, the priming regions of the forward and reverse primers were located at distinct genomic scaffolds in the normal strain. These two primer sets specifically detected the degenerate strain of KNR2312 isolated from various mushrooms including 10 different strains of P. eryngii, four strains of P. ostreatus, and 11 other wild mushrooms.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.788-793
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• 2016

Post-weaning diarrhea (PWD), mostly caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), remains to be a major source of economic loss in swine industry. The use of the ETEC-oral challenge model is often applied to mimic unsanitary commercial swine farm conditions where pathogens and unknown complex microbes exist and can cause severe infections in pigs. The purpose of this study was (1) to estimate ETEC density using spectrophotometric computation, (2) to determine survivability of ETEC after storing at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 7 days, and (3) to evaluate survivability of ETEC after blending with diluted sweeteners (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40% sucrose in phosphate buffered saline [PBS]). Cell density was quantified using UV-VIS spectrophotometer and counting ETEC colony forming units (cfu) at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, and 240 min. The established linear equation ($y=0.0031x^2-0.0079x+0.0043$ and $y=0.0046x^2-0.0151x+0.0113$) was used for robust quantification of each ETEC cell density. ETEC stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ showed 108 cfu/mL after thawing and incubation. When ETEC was blended with sweeteners (20 and 40%), survival of ETEC was decreased by 58 and 54% in 5 min post blending. However, addition of 20% of sweetener resulted in a higher survivability than those with other media concentrations. Therefore, the use of ETEC-oral challenge model would be possible as a stable method if we could confirm the appropriate medium that increases survivability of ETEC in weaner pigs.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.794-800
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• 2004

Deer Antler has been known for its traditional oriental medicinal properties and has been widely used to promote growth, boost immune function, treat blood loss and chronic joint pain. Recent study showed imported (New Zealand) Deer Antler was beneficial in reducing the side effects of cancer treatments. However, there was no intervention study conducted on the effect of Korean Deer Antler on reducing the oxidative stress to patients with diabetes. One of the sensitive ways to measure endogenous oxidative stress is by measuring cellular DNA damage using single cell gel electrophoresis (COMET assay). This study was conducted to investigate the possible beneficial effect of commercial Deer Antler drink (provided by Chung-yang Deer Farm) on lymphocyte DNA damage and blood glucose of diabetic patients. Ten patients (4 men, 6 women) participated in the study and consumed 2 pouches of Deer Antler drink every day for 20 days. Blood was collected on the morning before and after the intervention for lymphocyte isolation and blood glucose analysis. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed a tendency to decrease but did not reach statistical significance after the trial. Blood glucose level was not affected by the supplementation. After the intervention, over 50% reduction were noted in the cellular DNA damage, expressed as tail length (TL) and tail moment (TM: tail length ${\times}$ percent tail DNA) . Although we did not obtain beneficial effect on lowering blood glucose levels in the patients, this results suggest that Deer Antler may initially act in protecting endogenous DNA damage in short-term experiment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.1047-1053
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• 2013

Five hundred and forty crossbred (Korean native black pig${\times}$Landrace) F2 were selected at a commercial pig farm and then divided into six different coat color groups: (A: Black, B: White, C: Red, D: White spot in black, E: Black spot in white, F: Black spot in red). Birth weight, 21st d weight, 140th d weight and carcass weight varied among the different coat color groups. D group (white spot in black coat) showed a significantly higher body weight at each weigh (birth weight, 140th d weight and carcass weight) than did the other groups, whereas the C group (red coat color) showed a significantly lower body weight at finishing stage (140th d weight and carcass weight) compared to other groups. Meat quality characteristics, shear force, cooking loss and meat color were not significantly different among the different coat color groups, whereas drip loss was significantly higher in F than in other groups. Most blood characteristics were not significantly different among the different groups, except for the red blood cells.

• ALGAE
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2014

Palmaria palmata was integrated with Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus on a commercial farm for one year starting in November, with a temperature range of 0.4 to $19.1^{\circ}C$. The seaweed was grown in nine plastic mesh cages (each $1.25m^3$ volume) suspended in a concrete sump tank ($46m^3$) in each of three recirculating systems. Two tanks received effluent water from tanks stocked with halibut, and the third received ambient seawater serving as a control. Thalli were tumbled by continuous aeration, and held under a constant photoperiod of 16 : 8 (L : D). Palmaria stocking density was $2.95kg\;m^{-3}$ initially, increasing to $9.85kg\;m^{-3}$ after a year. Specific growth rate was highest from April to June (8.0 to $9.0^{\circ}C$), 1.1% $d^{-1}$ in the halibut effluent and 0.8% $d^{-1}$ in the control, but declined to zero or less than zero above $14^{\circ}C$. Total tissue nitrogen of Palmaria in effluent water was 4.2 to 4.4% DW from January to October, whereas tissue N in the control system declined to 3.0-3.6% DW from April to October. Tissue carbon was independent of seawater source at 39.9% DW. Estimated tank space required by Palmaria for 50% removal of the nitrogen excreted by 100 t of halibut during winter is about 29,000 to $38,000m^2$, ten times the area required for halibut culture. Fifty percent removal of carbon from the same system requires 7,200 to $9,800m^2$ cultivation area. Integration of P. palmata with Atlantic halibut is feasible below $10^{\circ}C$, but is impractical during summer months due to disintegration of thalli associated with reproductive maturation.