• 한국연초학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.26-33
• /
• 1994

A tobacco ripeness grading meter was designed and constructed using the color sensor, its performance was evaluated. A degree of ripeness grading of a leaf is very closely related to the measured tobacco leaf color. Measuring the small amount of the reflectance precisely depends on the apparatus including color sensor, light source, detector sensitivity, and geometric characteristics of appratus. To analyze and minimize the variational effects, experiments to select the proper condition were performed. Because of the combined effect mentioned above, the system has some variation on its response. Basis on the results of the experiments, prototype was developed and interfaced to a computer system. The main components of prototype included a tungsten lamp as a light source, Amorphous full color sensor with three filters, regulated D.C. power supply, OP - AMP(741 TC) for amplification, AR - B3001 board for interfacing to a computer with analog to digital conversion, and a compatible IBM PC XT computer. The experimental results of the developed ripeness tobacco leaf measurement system are summarized as following: [1] The output readings of ripeness grade meter for tobacco leaf, which is based on harvesting time, showed the apparent difference in variety of different quality. It was considered suitable that three filters(red, green, blue) in Amorphous full color sensor could be used in four different ripeness degree measurement of tobacco leaf. [2] The output readings of ripeness grade meter for tobacco leaf, which is based on government procurement, showed apparent difference in variety of different quality. Tobacco leaf varieties to stalk position are divided into tips, leaf, cutters, and primings, It is considered suitable that only red filter in the sensor could be used to classify the grade of tobacco leaf within the same kind tobacco stalk. However, the ripeness grade meter was not adequate to classify all the tobacco grades in the four different tobacco leaves.

• 전기학회논문지P
• /
• 제59권4호
• /
• pp.444-449
• /
• 2010

The PID control to the monitor color correction was applied. Converted Gamma LUT was applied to the video card. Color and brightness information from the PID controller was used as control inputs. Color and brightness information from a calibrated monitor is measured again. Then, the difference between the preset values for the PID controller was compensated by the feedback. The software measured by color meter was used for color and brightness information. All of the monitor does not measure the color and brightness was measured by sampling. The color and brightness from the monitor were measured not by complete enumeration but by sampling. In the experiment, the original image was displayed on the same monitor as well as two other brands, and then, Gamma and Contrast were measured and compared.

• 산업공학
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.139-147
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study is to survey colors of background, marker, and pointer being used in passenger car's combination meter, and to suggest ergonomic design guidelines of combination meter to enhance driver's readability. An experiment was conducted, in which colors of background, marker, and pointer were selected as independent variables, and reading time, reading error, and preference for combination meter were measured as dependent variables. Most of passenger cars sold in Korea were found to have combination meter with black background, while marker. The experimental results showed that reading time of combination meter with white background, black marker and point was shortest, reading error was lowest in combination meter with black background, yellow marker pointer, and preference for combination meter with white background, black marker and black or red pointer was highest. The results implied that combination meter with white background, black marker and black pointer should be used for comprehensively optimizing reading time, reading error, and preference for it. It was expected that these results could be used as valuable design guidelines when designing combination meter of passenger car.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.13-20
• /
• 1988

The purpose of this study is to provide basic research data on the readability of the car number license plate in Korea by experimental procedure. This study is performed by the combination of color contrasts, character forms, and stroke widths. Additionally it is focused on the distance of distinct vision and misreading rate. The results of the this study are as follows: First, as to the color contrasts, the plate which has black on yellow contrast has better readability than current contrast between white and green (white character on green plate, vice versa). Second, as the character forms, it is showed that Quasigothic and NAMEL types have less misreading rates by 42.86% and 42.15%, respectively, than current Gothic type, and they also increase distance of distant vision by 4 meter. Third, as to the stroke widths, it is showed that 12 milli-meter and 14 milli-meter of stroke widths have less misreading rates by 63.94% and 65.33 %, respectively, than current 6 milli-meter of stroke width.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제47권3호
• /
• pp.348-355
• /
• 2009

연구 목적: ShadeEye-Ncc dental chroma meter (Shofu Inc., Kyoto, Japan)와 Shadepilot$^{TM}$ system (Degudent Inc., Hanau, Germany)의 도재색조 재현의 정확성을 비교연구하여 보고자 함이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: ShadeEye-Ncc dental chroma meter와 Shadepilot$^{TM}$ system을 사용하여 Vitapan 3D Master shade guide의 2M2와 3M2 shade tap.을 측색하고, 이 자료를 통하여 shade guide tap. 형태로 도재시편을 제작한다. 시편제작 시 사용하는 porcelain system은 ShadeEye-Ncc dental chroma meter는 Vintage Halo Porcelain system을, Shadepilot$^{TM}$ system은 VitaOmega900 Porcelain system을 사용한다. 모델인 shade tap.과 제작된 도재시편을 spectrophotometer로 측색하고, 그 결과를 토대로하여 ${\Delta}E$를 계산하여, 두 측색기의 정확성을 비교검증하였다. 결과: 1. Shadepilot$^{TM}$ system이 ShadeEye-Ncc dental chroma meter에 비하여 더 적합한 도재색조 재현성을 나타내었다 (P <.05). 2. 모델인 Shade tap.의 shade에 따라서 도재색조 재현성에 차이를 나타내었다. 2M2 shade tap.에 비하여 3M2 shade tap.에서 더 적합한 도재색조 재현성을 나타내었다 (P <.05). 3. 두 측색기 모두에서 제작된 도재시편의 ${\Delta}E$가 평균4.44-6.14로 육안으로 구분 가능한 정도의 색조차이를 보였다. 결론: Shadepilot$^{TM}$ system이 비교적 더 정확한 도재색조 재현성을 나타낸다고 할 수 있으며, ShadeEye-Ncc dental chroma meter를 사용할 때는 치아 전체의 여러부분에서 측색을 하여 정확성을 높이는 것이 필요하리라 생각된다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.382-389
• /
• 1993

In this research, the surface color of 'Fuji' apples and tomatoes were measured by using Sharp PD 151 semiconductor color sensors. The measurements were compared with color-difference-meter readings and with visual sensory test scores. A negative exponential function was developed which describe the relationship between the dominant wavelength of the surface color of 'Fuji' apples and the ratio of the photoelectric currents of the color sensor. Also a linear relationship was found for the surface color of tomatoes and the color sensor output. There were good correlations between the visual test scores and the color sensor output for both 'Fuji' apples and tomatoes.

• 구강회복응용과학지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.289-298
• /
• 2014

목적: 본 연구는 치과 기공실의 조명이 심미 보철을 위한 색조의 분별과 조화, 재현에 적당한지 알아보기 위한 실태 조사이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 48곳의 치과 기공실을 대상으로 lux meter와 color meter를 이용하여 포세린 작업대(porcelain table) 상판 중심의 조도와 색온도를 측정 하였다. 각각의 기공실을 자연광(day light)과 인공조명(artificial illumination)이 있는 오후 12시 - 2시 사이와 인공조명 만이 있는 오후 7시 - 10시 사이, 2차례 측정하였고, 맑은 날과 흐린 날로 구분하였다. 결과: 1. 전체 기공실의 평균 조도는 1871 lx이었고, 67%의 기공실이 1600 lx를 넘겨 색과 관련한 작업을 하기에 적합한 조도를 갖추었으나 33%의 기공실은 이에 미치지 못하였다. 2. 전체 기공실의 평균 색온도는 6506 K로 색과 관련한 작업을 하기에 부적절하였다. 적정 색온도인 5000 - 5500 K를 만족하는 기공실은 없었다. 3. 전체 기공실의 낮과 밤의 조도(P = 0.73) 및 맑은 날과 흐린 날의 조도(P = 0.89)와 낮과 밤의 색온도(P = 0.17) 및 맑은 날과 흐린 날의 색온도(P = 0.51)는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론: 본 연구에서 조사된 치과 기공실의 조명은 색과 관련한 작업을 하기에 부적절한 경우가 많았다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1984

식품이 가지고 있는 고유한 색깔은 소비자의 기호성 또는 영양학적 가치의 지표가 될 수 있으며 가공 및 저장처리조건에 따른 식품의 중요한 인자로 작용 할 수 있다. 따라서, 본 실험에서는 식물성 식품재료의 품종, 성숙도, 성장조건(온도, 수분. 제조공정 별)에 따른 Surface color change를 color & color difference meter와 Munsell disc 색도계(色度計)로 X, Y, Z값을 측정하고 공식에 의하여 Y(one of variation in luminous reflectance), x, y(chromaticity)를 구하여 이로부터 작성한 색도좌표상에서 식품의 색상(hue) 및 강도(chroma)를 산출하여 식품의 색도 변화를 검토하였다. 이와 같이 color & color difference meter와 같은 reflectometer를 이용하여 얻은 data를 중심으로 각각의 chromaticity diagram을 작성, 식품의 저장 및 가공처리별 색도변화를 측정하여 이것을 토대로 식품 품질의 특성을 판정할 수 있는 좋은 기초자료를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.971-980
• /
• 2006

The colors of apparel have a close relationship with the facial color types of consumers. To extract the favorable colors that flatter to consumer's facial color types, the facial colors of Korean females were analyzed. With color meter JX-777, 2 points of face were measured and classified into 3 clusters that had similar hue, value and chroma. Other new 10 college girls were measured and 3 subject among them were selected by the criteria that choose new subjects who have the classified facial color types. 175 respondents answered the degree of becomingness of color samples on three subjects. Data were analyzed by K-means cluster analysis, ANOVA and Duncan multiple range test using SPSS Win. 12. Findings were as follows: 1) 324 subjects who had YR facial colors were classified into 3 facial color groups. The average facial color Type 1 was 4.82YR 6.47/3.70 and composed 48.88% among total observations. Type 2 was 5.99YR 6.12/4.12 and 30.25%. Type 3 was 5.15YR 7.07/4.97 and 20.99% respectively. 2) Favorable colors for Type 1 were 18 colors that belonged to 'a' group from among colors that were divided into a, b, c group by Duncan post hoc test. 3) Type 2 showed that this type had many unfavorable colors. Unfavorable colors were 18 colors that belonged to 'c' by Duncan test. 4) Type 3 showed that black is the most favorable color and 18 colors were at middle level, which belonged to 'b' from among 18 colors that were divided into a, b, and c by Duncan test.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.180-187
• /
• 2001

The structure of current guides is largely illogical and without any rational use of color ordering. The shade guides are generally made of plastic (rather than the actual composite material) and do not accurately depict the true shade. translucency. or opacity of the composite resin after polymerization. To solve this problem, information based on evaluations of natural teeth and material that use the same method and experimental conditions is necessary. The present investigation measured the color of natural maxillary anterior teeth in vivo and compared the results with those of composite resins. 269 Korean subjects were selected for this study. Intact central incisor. lateral incisor. and canine were selected. The clinical crowns were free of caries or restorations. The middle site of the coronal portion on the labial surface of the tooth was measured by Chroma Meter. The five light activated. resin-based materials (Amelogen, Denfil, Elitefil, Spectrum, Z100) were used in this study. Resin composite was condensed into plastic mold with a diameter of 8mm and a thickness of 4mm. pressed between glass plates to flatten the surfaces. and polymerized using a Visilux II visible light activation unit. The surfaces were polished sequentially on wet sandpaper. Color measurements of each specimen were accomplished by Chroma Meter. A computer program that compares each tooth color with each composite resin color was written and the minimum CIELAB color difference ($\Delta$E$^*$) between tooth and each material was calculated. Under the conditions of this study: 1. Teeth tend to become darker with advancing age. 2. Canines were darker. more yellow. and less green than incisors. 3. The teeth from the women were lighter. more green. and less yellow than the male teeth. 4. In general. composite resins were lighter. more green. and less yellow than teeth. Deficiencies were noted in Hues in YR range. 5. Mean color differences between the five composite resin products and teeth were detectable to the naked eye($\Delta$E$^*$>1.0). 6. In comparing the mean $\Delta$E$^*$ values of materials. Spectrum showed the least followed by Z100, Elitefil, Amelogen, Denfil in increasing order.