• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2013

This study determined the spatial distribution characteristics of carbon dioxide in Northeast Asia, connecting land coverage and vegetation index that have influence on concentration and distribution of carbon dioxide measured by GOSAT with GIS spatial analysis method. The results visibly showed that the spatial distribution of carbon dioxide had different patterns in dependent on the present status of land use in its surrounding area. Such high concentration of carbon dioxide was formed in developed sites like cities while forest areas showed low concentration of it. We also found that there were relatively high negative(-) correlations between carbon dioxide and vegetation, in statistically significant level. It is expected to be used as a basic data for establishing measures to reduce greenhouse gas in the future.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.33-44
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• 1996

This study was for comparing healing patterns and effects between with odontogenic and nonodontogenic tissues on the defected mandible. Experimental bone defects that measured 3 mm in diameter were created on the mandibular body of guinea pig by removal of bone with the use of trephine burs and bone defects were grafted with Biogran(Orthovita Co., U.S.A.) and covered with Dura Mata(Pfrimmer-Viggo GmbH Co., Germany). Guinea pigs were serially terminated by fours on the 3 days, the 1 week, the 2 weeks, the 3 weeks, the 4 weeks, and the 5 weeks after experiment, and the mandibular body was removed and fixed with 10％ neutral formalin. They were decalcified and embedded in paraffin as using the usual methods. The specimen sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and toluidine blue. They were observed with a light microscope and a polarizing microscope. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Defected bone was healed fast from the odontogenic tissues in early stage of the experiment. 2. The arrangement of the bone matrix was relatively regular in the bone from the nonodontogenic tissues, but irregular in the bone from the odontogenic tissues. 3. Compact bone has started to be resorbed and changed to the pattern of matrix bone tissue from 3 weeks after experiment.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to interpret the transformation of Cooperative Groups for Agricultural Production(CGAP) with the change of the Agricultural Productive Force. The specific objectives were; 1) To investigate the change of agricultural labour-power, 2) To investigate the change of agricultural mechanization and arable land, 3) To interpret the transformation and content of CLAP. The population of farmhouseholds has decreased continuously since the late 1960s. Especially, with the move-outs of youth ages of twenties to forties, the condition of agricultural labour-power has been more serious. The processing of agricultural mechanization was a small scale step in the 1970s, but after the 1980s there was a spread of middle-large machines. However the usage rate of agricultural machines was constrained by the bad conditions of arable land. From the 1970s to now, the CGAP have bean processed by many kinds of patterns. In the 1970s, the lack of labour-power caused the creation of the Co-Working Team. After the late of 1970s, the wage of agricultural employees was raised, because the working population of agriculture was cut down. Also, the induction of agricultural machine was promoted. As a result, in the 1980s, the Machine-Using Team occurred due to these conditions of agricultural productive force. In the late of 1980s, the population decreased more rapidly, and the use of large machines were spread. Than farmhouseholds laking labour-power gave a trust to other farmhouseholds and Teams which had machines. In 1990, Given-Trust Cooperations were enacted by law, and in order to overcome the lack of labour-power, and solve the problem of the successors of agriculture, Cooperative Organizations were also enacted by law. Finally, in Korea from the 1970s to now, as the agricultural productive force has barn changed, the Co-Working Team was transformed into the Machine-Using Team, and the Machine-Using Team was transformed into the Given-Trust Cooperation, and the Cooperative Organization.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.10-18
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate the environmental value of green space in Seoul. Longitudinal relationships between land use patterns and $SO_2/NO_2$ have been analysed. Then the environmental and economic value of green space were examined. In this study, the following results have been found : Firstly, it was found that the amount of $SO_2$ showed the negative relations with green space but had the positive relationships with the built-up area. Which in turn can be interpreted as securing the green space could improve the $SO_2$ purification capacity. Secondly, Seoul Metropolitan green belt zones absorbed 69,728 tones of $CO_2$, 654 tones of $SO_2$ and produced 51,205 tones of O2 at the year of 1997 standpoint. This results implicate that the Seoul Metropolitan green belt zones resolve 0.2% of $CO_2$ and 2.9% of $SO_2$ production in total. Finally, the occurrence of an additional costs of 6,800 Korean Won per household was expected due to the air conditioning cost increases as the green belt areas decrease. Therefore, it is recommended to establish the alternative plans for the protection and creation of the green space in the urban areas, since those urban green space have the significant meaning as their provision of habitats for the wildlife as well as their contribution to the reduction of energy consumption.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.119-129
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• 2022

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Integrative treatment of traditional Korean medicine (TKM) on 7 hospitalized patients after hip fracture surgery, and to identify significant herbs and co-prescribed herbs by using network analysis and association rule mining. Methods A retrospective chart review of the 7 hospitalized patients treated for postoperative hip fractures between January and December 2021 was performed. All TKM treatments for the patients were identified and Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to compare hip pain and mobility on admission and discharge. We visualized the network of herbal medicines and complications. By using network analysis, we also identified the significant herbs (high centrality of degree, eigenvector, and sub-graph). Co-prescription patterns for the hip fracture patients were further analyzed by association rule mining. Results We found that TKM treatment significantly relieved hip pain and improved mobility. Accompanying symptoms reported by the patients were general weakness, anorexia, dizziness, delirium, edema, sputum, sore throat, cough, rhinorrhea, and chills. Herbs composed of Sagunja-tang and Samul-tang showed high centralities and high associations with other herbs. In addition, Gupan, Nokyong, Yukjongyong, Useul, and Hyunhosaek were identified as important herbs for postoperative hip fracture patients. Conclusions This study provides evidence for clinical TKM use as an effective postoperative treatment for pain relief and improvement of mobility in patients with hip fractures. In addition, herbs that can be considered in the treatment of patients after hip fracture surgery were identified through network analysis and association rule mining.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.12-28
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• 2023

Each national groundwater monitoring well showed distinct change patterns in groundwater levels and electrical conductivity (EC) in the Nakdong River Estuary, implying different external forces (EFs) on each well. According to the annual average data in 1997-2020, seawater was invaded into Well C. The desalination rate of -1,062 µS/cm/year represents the adaptive capacity of the well to seawater intrusion. The water levels and EC in Well E responded to precipitation, indicating the low absorptive capacity to climate changes. Meanwhile, Well B showed constant increases in water levels, suggesting that problems by rising groundwater should be considered in the study area where confined aquifers are overlaid by clay aquitards. The other wells showed consistent water levels and EC, indicating resilience to EFs. Here, resilience is the capacity of a well to resist changes by EFs, including the absorptive and adaptive capacity. The resilience of Wells E and F to climate changes was quantitatively compared using a resilience cost (RC). The RC showed Well F was more resilient than Well E, and the bedrock aquifer was more resilient than the alluvium aquifer, supporting the usefulness of RC. The resilience assessment against EFs (e.g., changes in land use and climate) helps sustainable groundwater management.

• Advanced Industrial SCIence
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.36-43
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• 2023

Native plants thrive naturally in specific areas without human intervention, offering significant potential as genetic resources and biotechnological assets across multiple sectors. To harness this potential, our focus was on analyzing domestic patents related to native plants, investigating their uses, effectiveness, active components, and extraction methods. Using the Korea Forest Service's National Standard Plant List, we gathered data from 988 patents on native plants and 430 patents on the use of native plant seeds. This comprehensive patent analysis aimed to reveal research patterns, technology levels, and emerging trends. The goal is to identify research trends, current technology levels, and provide insights for future patent applications involving native plants.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.97-106
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• 2015

Thermal deformation of packaging materials was observed in some ready-to-eat food products for microwave use. Therefore, the deformation patterns depending on packaging types and shapes of 9 domestic and 11 foreign products after microwave heating were investigated. Among the domestic and foreign products, thermal deformations of packaging material were observed in 5 and 8 samples, respectively. Besides, thermal deformation occurred on the lid and cup body of tray filled with a spicy chicken sauce after having microwaved where previously no deformation had been observed with other food types. No consistent results of thermal deformation were obtained by the analysis of salinity, brix, pH and viscosity of RTE products for microwave heating. However, thermal deformations of packages were less found in the packages used for the RTE foods contained very high or low viscosity than those with medium viscosity. Furthermore, the degree of thermal deformations was dependent on the food composition and shape as well as package type. In order to prevent the thermal deformation of packaging materials, therefore, technological advances and further studies are required to develop the heat-resistant packaging system and to improve the non-uniformity during microwave heating of RTE foods.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.152-156
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: This research has investigated the residue patterns of insecticide flubendiamide on three species of peaches with different surface forms, and the residue amounts of them when mixed with a spreader. METHODS AND RESULTS: Pesticide used for field application on peaches was 20% flubendiamide of suspension concentrate(SC) and was sprayed at a recommended rate. The residue amounts of flubendiamide in peach were analyzed by HPLC equipped with UV detector. After the observation with a microscope, the rank of fuzz amount on peach's surface was Kurakatawase, Wolmi in descending order and Cheonhong did not have any fuzz. The residue amounts of flubendiamide were 0.54 mg/kg for Kurakatawase, 0.43 mg/kg for Wolmi and 0.10 mg/kg for Cheonhong, respectively. When flubendiamide was used with a spreader, polyoxy ethylene methylpoly siloxane, the residue amount for Kurakatawase barely changed at 0.55 mg/kg regardless of mixing with a spreader, and at 0.53 mg/kg for Wolmi. In Cheonhong, the residue amount was 0.48 mg/kg, which increased by 4.8 times due to the use of a spreader. CONCLUSION: This result indicates that the residue amounts of flubendiamde were affected by the surface forms of peaches, and in the presence of a spreader the residue amount did not increase in fuzzy species, but was affected greatly for species without fuzz.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.247-253
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• 2023

As climate change problem has recently become serious, studies are being conducted to identify carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission dynamics based on satellite data to reduce emissions. It is also very important to analyze spatial patterns by estimating and mapping CO₂ emissions dynamic. Therefore, in this study, CO₂ emissions in the Korean Peninsula from 2013 to 2020 were estimated and mapped. To spatially estimate and map emissions, we use the enhanced vegetation index adjusted nighttime light index, an index that combines nighttime light (NTL) and vegetation index, to map both areas where NTL is observed and areas where NTL is not observed. In order to spatially estimate and map CO₂ emissions, the total annual emissions of the Korean Peninsula were calculated, resulting in an increase of 11% from 2013 to 2017 and a decrease of 13% from 2017 to 2020. As a result of the mapping, it was confirmed that the spatial pattern of CO₂ emissions in the Korean Peninsula were concentrated in urban areas. After being divided into 17 regions, which included the downtown area, the metropolitan area accounted for roughly 40% of CO₂ emissions in the Korean Peninsula. The region that exhibited the most significant change from 2013 to 2020 was Sejong City, showing a 96% increase.