• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.33-49
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to find student factors associated with the students' evaluation of university teaching, and to provide a meaningful reference to policy-making of teaching evaluation. Based on the surveyed questionnaires from 232 students who participated in e-learning course. in combination with applying descriptive statistics, this study analyzes (1) the influences of students' pre-motivation level of student based-on ARCS theory on class satisfaction, (2) the influences of students' grade, attendance, and class involvement on class satisfaction, and (3) the influences of e-learning experience on students' pre-motivation level and class satisfaction. Result of this study shows that: (1) students' pre-motivation level including Attention(A), Relevance(R), Confidence(C), and Satisfaction(S) is positively correlated to students' evaluation for teaching, (2) students' grade, attendance. and class involvement are positively correlated to students' evaluation for teaching, and (3) students' e-learning experience is not related with students' pre-motivation level, whereas it is related with class satisfaction.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.147-160
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• 2012

본 연구는 기술 가정교과 '수송기술' 단원의 수업시 강의식 수업인 통제집단과 교사가 멀티미디어 자료로 수업한 실험집단 1, 멀티미디어 자료에 내레이션을 넣어 동영상으로 제작하여 교실에서 보는 수업을 하는 실험집단 2 간의 수업 자료의 제시 방법에 따른 학업 성취도와 학습 만족도를 분석하고자 하는 것이다. 연구 대상은 기술교과를 수업하는 93명 여고생들이며, 6개 질문에 대한 응답자료는 SPSS통계 프로그램을 활용하여 분석하였고 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 수업에 대한 학생들의 학습 만족도 응답 평균(M)은 교사가 멀티미디어 자료로 진행한 수업(실험집단 1)이 4.14로 가장 높고, 멀티미디어 자료에 내레이션을 넣은 동영상을 교실에서 보는 수업(실험집단 2)이 3.16, 강의식 수업(통제집단)이 보통보다 약간 아래 수준인 2.63으로 나와 멀티미디어 자료로 교사가 수업을 하는 것이 가장 바람직함 수업임을 보여준다. 둘째, 문항간 상관계수에서 보면 흥미있는 수업에서는 기억도와 내용 이해도가 높지만, 집중도가 떨어지면 기억도도 떨어짐을 알 수 있다. 셋째, 학업 성취도는 실험집단 1이 가장 높았으며, 실험집단 2는 통제집단과 유사한 수준이다. 학업 성취도를 높이기 위해서는 강의식 수업에서는 흥미를 높여야 하며, 내레이션을 포함한 동영상을 보는 교실수업에서는 수업 집중도를 높이는 방안이 요청된다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2014

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term changes in the pharyngeal airway dimensions after functional appliance treatment in adolescents with skeletal Class II malocclusions. Methods: Pharyngeal airway dimensions were compared between subjects with skeletal Class II malocclusions (n = 24; mean age: $11.6{\pm}1.29$ years) treated with a Class II bionator and age-matched control subjects with skeletal Class I occlusions (n = 24; mean age: $11.0{\pm}1.21$ years) using a series of lateral cephalograms obtained at the initial visit (T0), after treatment (T1), and at the completion of growth (T2). Results: The length of the nasopharyngeal region was similar between adolescents with skeletal Class I and Class II malocclusions at all time points, while the lengths of the upper and lower oropharyngeal regions and the pharyngeal airway areas were significantly smaller in the skeletal Class II adolescents before treatment when compared to the control adolescents (p < 0.05). However, following treatment with a functional appliance, the skeletal Class II adolescents had increased pharyngeal airway dimensions, which became similar to those of the control subjects. Conclusions: Functional appliance therapy can increase the pharyngeal airway dimensions in growing adolescents with skeletal Class II malocclusions, and this effect is maintained until the completion of growth.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 1978

The author studied occlusion in the primary dentition of 3~5 year old children and the materials for the present study comprised plaster model of 266 children in Seoul. The results were as followings; 1) In sagittal canine relationship, 63.9%(170 children) showed class 1 pattern, 2.3%(6 children) showed class 2 pattern, 21%(56 children) showed class 3 pattern and 12.8%(34 children) showed a different canine relationship in each side. 2) In sagittal molar relationship, 44.3% 118 children) showed class 1 pattern, 6.1%(16 children) showed class 2 pattern, 32.3%(86 children) showed class 3 pattern and 17.3%(46 children) showed a different molar relationship in each side. 3) In overjet, 87.8%(234 children) showed under 2mm. 4) 5.3%(14 children) showed crossbite and 4.6%(12 children) showed scissors-bite. 5) 21.8%(58 children) showed midline deviation. 6) Primate space was coincided with more common position of interdental space.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze elementary school students' class contents and activities between the invention class for the gifted under the local education office by the 'Gifted Education Promotion Act' and that under the invention classroom by the 'Invention Promotion Act'. For this study, the survey was conducted to 1,788 elementary school students who attended the invention class for the gifted both under the local education office and under the invention classroom. The analysis of the survey showed that the students of the invention class for the gifted under the local education office had higher motivation and participation rate in class, higher interest in invention, and stronger significantly in a future oriented will than those under the invention classroom. The parents of the invention class for the gifted under the local education office showed more enthusiastic attitude to support their students, and had significantly stronger recognition that the participation of the students in the invention education for the gifted helped enter an advanced school than those under the invention classroom. However, the class contents of the invention class for the gifted under the local education office such as 'understanding the influence of the invention history and products on society', 'scientific inquiry skills for problem solving', 'technological and engineering abilities for creating an invention', 'developing knowledge and abilities about business and management by using a new invention' were not different from those under the invention classroom. In addition, discussion and presentation were not active in the class activities of the invention class for the gifted under the local education office. Therefore, the researchers should compensate and develop a program which can apply strategically differentiated class contents and class activities to the students who participate in the invention class for the gifted under the local education office by the 'Gifted Education Promotion Act'.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.629-642
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• 1996

ATM switch handles the traffic for a wide range of appliations with different QOS(Quality-of-Service) requirements. In ATM switch, the priority control mechanism is needed to improve effectively the required QOS requirements. In this paper, we propose a priority control mechanism using the cell transfer ratio type and discard threshold in order to archive the cell loss probability requirement and the delay requirement of each service class. The service classes of our concern are the service class with high time priority(class 1) and the service class with high loss priority control mechanism, cells for two kind of service classes are stored and processed within one buffer. In case cells are stored in the buffer, cells for class 2 are allocated in the stored and processed within one buffer. In case cells are stored in the buffer, cells for class 2 are allocated in the shole range of the buffer and cells for class 1 are allocated up to discard threshold of the buffer. In case cells in the buffer are transmitted, one cell for class 1 is transmitted whenever the maximum K cells for class 2 are transmitted consecutively. We analyze the time delay and the loss probability for each class of traffic using Markov chain. The results show that the characteristics of the mean cell delay about cells for class 1 becomes better and that of the cell loss probability about cells for class 2 becomes better by selecting properly discard threshold of the buffer and the cell transfer ratio according to the condition of input traffic.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.743-749
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• 2002

A 1.5V 70㏈ 100MHz CMOS class-AB complementary operational amplifier is presented. For obtaining the high gain and the high unity gain frequency, the input stage of the amplifier is designed with rail-to-rail complementary differential pairs which are symmetrically parallel-connected with the NMOS and the PMOS differential input pairs, and the output stage is designed to the rail-to-rail class-AB output stage including the elementary shunt stage technique. With this design technique for output stage, the load dependence of the overall open loop gain is improved and the push-pull class-AB current control can be implemented in a simple way. The designed operational amplifier operates perfectly on the complementary mode with 180$^{\circ}$ phase conversion for 1.5V supply voltage, and shows the push-pull class-AB operation. In addition, the amplifier shows the DC open loop gain of 70.4 ㏈ and the unity gain frequency of 102 MHz for $C_{L=10㎊∥}$ $R_{L=1㏁}$ Parallel loads. When the resistive load $R_{L}$ is varied from 1 ㏁ to 1 ㏀, the DC open loop gain of the amplifier decreases by only 2.2 ㏈.a$, the DC open loop gain of the amplifier decreases by only 2.2 dB.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.39-65
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• 1979

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern of irregularities of teeth in various malocclusion groups. The subjects consist of 803 out-patients (355 males, and 448 females) in department of Orthodontics of S.N.U. Hospital, Yonsei University, and Kyunghi University Hospital. The results were as follows. 1. The proportions of subjects on the basis of Angle's Classification were 39.2% (42.2% male, and 57.8% fomale) in class I malocclusion, 29.0% (44.6% male, and 55.4% female) in class II. div. 1., 3.5%(46.4% male, and 53.6% female) in class II. div. 2., 28.3%(46.3% male, and 53.7% female) in class III. 2. Considering all the subjects, the percentage of teeth crowding was 67.8% (45.0% male, and 55.0% female). In class I malocclusion, the percentage of Crowding was 70.8%(43.5% male, and 56.5% female) with higher frequency in upper anterior teeth than in lower anterior. 3. The percentage of Maxillary anterior diastema was 25.6% (45.6% male, and 54.4% female) on the whole. In class II. div. 1. malocclusion, the percentage was 28.8% (46.3% male, and 53.7% female) and in class III, the percentage was 19.8% (46.7% male, and 53.3% female). Thus, frequency of maxillary anterior distema, was comparatively higher in class II. div. 1. than in class III. 4. The percentage of high canine was 25.1% (53.2% male, and 46.8% female) on the whole, and was 86.0% male and 76.6% female in right side, 73.0% male and 72.3% female in left side. In calss II. div. 2., the percentage was 53.6% (46.7% male, and 53.3% female ). In class II. div. 1., the percentage was 16.7% (46.2% male, and 53.8%) with higher frequency in class II. div.2. 5. The percentage of deep overbite was 23.0% (43. 2% male, and 56.8% female) on the whole. Ia class 11. div. 2., and in clas sll. div. 1., its were 89.3%(48.0% male and 52.0% female), 54.5% (40.9% male, and 59.1% female) respectively. This result can be considered as one of the characterics of Angle's class 11 malocclusion group. 6. The percentage of spacing was 23.0% (36.8% male, and 63.2% female) on the whole, In class II. div. 1., and in class II. div. 2., its were 26.1% (44.3% male, and 55. 7% female), 7.1% (50.0% male, and 50.0% female) respectively. 7. The percentage of open bite was 14.3% (42.6% male, and 57.4% female) on the whole with higher rate on the anterior part. It rated 17.6%(50. 0% male, and 50.0% female) in class III, but none in class II. div. 2. 8. The percentage of crossbite was 22.5% (55.8% male, and 44.2% female) on the whole, with higher frequency on the anterior part than on the posterior part. In Angle's class III, it rated as much as 55.1% (57.6% male, and 42.4% female). 9. The percentage of edge-to-edge bite was 20.4% (47.6% male, and 52.4% female) with higher frequency on anterior part than on posterior part. 10. The percentage of irregularities of teeth in various malocclusion groups, was 21.5% (24.8% maxillary, and 18.1% mandible) in crowding, 20.8% (23.5% maxillary, and 18.0% mandible) in rotation, 10.7% (10.6% maxillary, and 10.8% mandible) in cross bite, 9.5% (11.8% maxillary, and 7.3% mandible) in spacing, 8.5% (8.5% maxillary, and 8.5% mandible) in edge-to-edge bite, 8.1% (8.3% maxillary, 7.8% mandible) in open bite. Crowding teeth, spacing teeth, and rotating teeh were more prevalent in anterior part than in posterior part. Cross bite teeth and edge-to-edge bite teeth were more prevalent in class III malocclusion than in another.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제32권1호통권90호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2002

본 연구는 골격성 III급 부정교합자의 두부방사선사진 분석을 통하여 수평적, 수직적 골격 형태에 따른 치아치조특성의 차이를 알아보기 위하여 시행되었다. 전북대학교 치과대학병원 교정과에 내원한 골격성 III급 부정교합자중 교정 치료의 경험이 없는 남자 29명, 여자 31명, 합계 60명(평균나이 :남자 19.4세, 여자 20.2세)의 표본을 연구 대상으로 하여 III급 부정교합의 치아, 치조의 보상적 변화 양상을 분석하여, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 골격성 III급 부정교합자군는 남녀 모두 정상교합보다 작은 IMPA를 보였다(p<0.01). 2. 골격성 III급 부정교합자 남녀군 모두에서 하악골의 전후방적 위치를 나타내는 SNB 및 NtoPog은 하악전치의 전후방 경사를 나타내는 IMPA와 음의 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.01). 남자군에서는 SNB가 SNU1, FHU1, PalU1과 양의 상관관계를 보였으나(p<0.01), 여자군에서는 SNU1만이 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.01). 3. 골격성 III급 부정교합자의 남자군에서 하악골의 수직적 위치관계를 나타내는 SNMP, FMA, PalMP와 하악전치의 전후방 경사를 나타내는 IMPA는 음의 상관관계를 보였으나(p<0.01), SNU1, FHU1, PalU1과는 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 골격성 III급 부정교합자의 여자군에서는 FMA, PalMP와 IMPA가 음의 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.01). 4. 골격성 III급 부정교합자군에서 high angle군에서 low angle군과 비교하여 SNU1, IMPA가 작은값을 보였다(<0.05).

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2000

The quadratic fields generated by $x^2$=ax+1($\alpha\geq$1) are studied. The regulators are relatively small and are known at one. The class numbers are relatively large and easy to compute. We shall find all the values of p, where p=$\alpha^2$+4 is a prime in $\mathbb{Z}$, such that $\mathbb{Q}(\sprt{p})$ has class numbers 1, 3 and 5.