• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.12
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• pp.67-77
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• 1997

Preservation space is a functionally$\ulcorner$core$\lrcorner$in a museum. Gernerally, it is a common view that collections are exhibited within 5% of total stored collections. So that, part of collections are cycled exhibition space centering around preservation space, and that is a important mechanism of collections circulation in a museum. It is the best way that collections should be $\ulcorner$conserve$\lrcorner$ in a stable condition, but inevitably collections are exposed as stable condition, but inevitably collections are exposed as called $\ulcorner$exhibition$\lrcorner$. For that reason the function of $\ulcorner$exhibition$\lrcorner$. For that reason the function of $\ulcorner$exhibition$\lrcorner$for 'showing' and the function of $\ulcorner$preservation$\lrcorner$for 'conserve'are contrary to each other's concept, so it is principle of scheme that these concepts should be functionally connected with and planned$\ulcorner$match$\lrcorner$. In addition, various studies (for example, comparative analysis of collections, examination of collections for conserved condition or special exhibition, and classification of new item, etc.) are worked in preservation space. Therefore, preservation space should not be considered as a warehouse, should be composed not only$\ulcorner$comfortable place to rest of collections$\lrcorner$but also $\ulcorner$part of study room$\lrcorner$in a museum. So that, environment of museum should be established by plan to preservation and management. The point of plan to museum is that minimize dangerous element for collections, and then develop an essencial element of space for$\ulcorner$conservation$\lrcorner$and$\ulcorner$exhibition$\lrcorner$. The reason why with a few exceptions (buildings which have being exposed or extremely minor part of collections) most of collections have been lasting its life during over hundreds of years with adapting itself to natural features, so scheme of preservation facilities should be made up with understanding and analysis generic character of collections, and then establish proper temperature and humidity environment.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.182-189
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• 2011

This research suggests a way of hygienic space planing of the customer space in the university student restaurant of E University in Seoul. For this study. the behavior observation in the restaurant was conducted in order to analyze the sequence of customer behavior related space planing applying HACCP (Hazard Analysis And Critical Control Point). Also the survey was conducted to analyze opinions of customers about hygiene of the space. The results of the analyses of the observation and the survey were similar in terms of hygiene. In conclusion, for hygienic space planing of the customer space in restaurant, the space circulation should be planned according to the hygienic sequence of customer behavior. The spaces in restaurant should be divided into two areas: the clean area and the contaminated area to prevent cross-contamination. The clean area, such as spaces preparing dishes and food including water and table hall where customers eat, should be separated from the contaminated area such as the spaces where waste is handled and where dirty dishes are kept. In order to prevent cross-contamination, hygiene facility to remove contamination should be located before going to the clean area. More specifically, the hygiene facility should be located between a cash counter and a space preparing dishes so that customers can wash their hands before they touch dishes. Space arrangement with feed-back process to check the possible points of cross-contamination and correct space arrangement until the possibility of cross-contamination is removed in the restaurant.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.203-221
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• 2011

This study attempts to investigate the current stage of collection development process in small libraries through case study to eleven small libraries in Yeongnam region. Library collection is the primary element of a library and collection development is the starting point of librarians' duty. The researcher recognized the problems observed in collection development process in the case small libraries and discovered the widespread obstacles restraining the future development. Through the visits and observations, aging book collections, lack of diversity in the form of materials acquired, imbalance in subject distribution, and the imbalance in circulation are identified. Suggestions are to be added: collection development duty can not be fulfilled without proper support by local governments. While small libraries penetrate into peoples' territory, Public libraries should seek to enhance and improve their service orientation as well as a cooperative network with these small libraries.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 2008

Background : Kigong(氣功) is to develope a nature-therapy by controling and recovering Jinki(眞氣) and it has common features in Yangsaengbeob(養生法), Doinbeob(導引法) and Jeongkisin(精氣神), but it is rarely researched and applied in clinic examine. Objectives : it is compared and contrasted among Kukseondo(國仙道) Yeonjeongwon(硏精院), Seokmunhoheub(石門呼吸). Result : Kukseondo, Yeonjeongwon, Seokmunhoheub have the same point that beginners breath slowly, deeply and naturally. The breathing in each group becomes deeper gradually by mental and physical relaxation although each group has a different breathing method, and it is similar to Jogigyeol(調氣訣) in Dongeuibogam. Ywasik(臥式) is distinguished by the presence of sensation. The breathing in Kukseondo is Yidanhoheub(二段呼吸), the breathing in Yeonjeongwon is Yugi(留氣) and the breathing in Seokmunhoheub is that the ratio of inhaling and blowing are 6 to 4. The breathing in each group is deep and small, Ki also accumulates in the Below-abdomen between blowing and inhaling. This is confirmed by Sinjunapgi(腎主納氣) theory in Oriental-medicine. There is the breath, which is through skin, in Kigonghoheub(氣孔呼吸) of Samhabdanbeop(三合丹法) and Jolidanbeop(造理丹法) in Kukseondo, it is also in Gwiilbeop(歸一法) of Seokmunhoheub. In Kukseondo's case, the breathing is through skin mainly instead of a respiratory organ. In Seokmunhoheub's case, the circulation of Ki is through skin during breathing. In Oriental-medicine, this is called as Pyejupimo(肺主皮毛) which is connected with lung and skin. The breathing coincide with tension and relaxation of body while the breathing through skin and the absorption of Ki spread sensation over the whole body, but the breathing through skin is just a specific ability from a training.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.63-75
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• 2003

The planning of access area, so called "core" plays an important role of planning for multifamily housing, especially multistory housing. For all possibility of various planning and design, this area has been mostly planned and designed in uniformity. And only few attempts have so far been made in studying core, on the contrary to the unit plan or plotplan. It is keenly needed to develop various skills of planning and design in this sector. The purpose of this study is to find out the usable elements of planning and design, those are correspondent to normative targets. For this end, most possible core types are classified in to three categories: circulation types in the housing block, axis types to the entrance of housing units and number of accessed housing units. And then, sizable developments for norm of core have been effectuating in view of function, relationships both with housing unit and block. Based on this classification of types and listed norm, several European examples are analyzed and evaluated by merits and demerits of their respective core types. In addition to this analysis, some adequate planning conditions, positive vs. negative types of core, and detailed planning elements are prepared with regard to the norm of core. It is noteworthy that a variety of possible core planning cases are available by means of combination of lower categories in the classified core types. It is expected that this study will render service for some helpful planning and design guide in the practice

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.3-12
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• 2017

This study has analyzed the features of attention to spacial composition seen in "Seeing ${\leftrightarrow}$ Seen" Correlation of continuous move in the space. The eye-tracking was employed for collecting the data of attention features to the space so that the correlation between visual perception and space could be estimated through the attention features to the difference between spacial composition and display. First, it was confirmed that the attention features varied according to the structure of shops and the exposure degree of selling space, which revealed that, while causing the customers' less attention to both sides of shops, the vanishing-point structure characteristically made their eyes focused on the central part. Second, their initial observation activities were found to be active at the height of their eyes. Third, 10 images were selected as objects for continuous experiment. There was a concern that the central part of each image would be paid intense attention to during the initial observation, but only two of those were found to be so. Fourth, there had been a study result of eye-tracking experiment that the attention had been concentrated on the central part of the image first seen. This study, however, revealed that such phenomenon is limited to the first image. Accordingly, it is necessary to draw up such method for ensuring reliability in order to use the data acquired from any eye-tracking experiment as exclusion of the initial attention time to the first image or of unemployment of the initial image-experiment to analysis.

• International Journal of Vascular Biomedical Engineering
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2004

Tumor angiogenesis was simulated using a two-dimensional computational model. The equation that governed angiogenesis comprised a tumor angiogenesis factor (TAF) conservation equation in time and space, which was solved numerically using the Galerkin finite element method. The time derivative in the equation was approximated by a forward Euler scheme. A stochastic process model was used to simulate vessel formation and vessel elongation towards a paracrine site, i.e., tumor-secreted basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). In this study, we assumed a two-dimensional model that represented a thin (1.0 mm) slice of the tumor. The growth of the tumor over time was modeled according to the dynamic value of bFGF secreted within the tumor. The data used for the model were based on a previously reported model of a brain tumor in which four distinct stages (namely multicellular spherical, first detectable lesion, diagnosis, and death of the virtual patient) were modeled. In our study, computation was not continued beyond the 'diagnosis' time point to avoid the computational complexity of analyzing numerous vascular branches. The numerical solutions revealed that no bFGF remained within the region in which vessels developed, owing to the uptake of bFGF by endothelial cells. Consequently, a sharp, declining gradient of bFGF existed near the surface of the tumor. The vascular architecture developed numerous branches close to the tumor surface (the brush-border effect). Asymmetrical tumor growth was associated with a greater degree of branching at the tumor surface.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.16-25
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• 2000

Objective : Acupuncture and Radix Astragali aqua-acupuncture stimuli have long been used to cure human diseases. However, the exact physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved remain undiscovered. Thus, many attempts have been made to show the scientific mechanisms involved. The effects of acupuncture and Radix Astragali aqua-acupuncture, which was known to date, as follow; effective circulation of body blood system and proliferation of leucocytes. Methods : In this study, we have applied acupuncture and Radix Astragali aqua-acupuncture stimuli to mouse on Sinsuhyul, a stimulative point of oriental medicine, to see effects on the expression of cytokine $IL-1{\beta}$. Mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) for inflammation induction and then reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using each primer set were performed to trace the amounts of mRNA. Results : 1. $IL-1{\beta}$ was not expressed in LPS-nontreated mice at 15 to 60 min after acupuncture-stimuli. However, expression occurred after 3hrs. 2. $IL-1{\beta}$ was specifically expressed in LPS-treated mice at 30 min after acupuncture-stimuli. 3. $IL-1{\beta}$ was expressed in LPS-nontreated mice at 30 min after Radix Astragali aqua-acupuncture stimuli, however, not expressed at 60, 180 min. 4. $IL-1{\beta}$ was gradually expressed in LPS-treated mice at 15 to 180 min after Radix Astragali aqua-acupuncture stimuli. Conclusions : $IL-1{\beta}$ in LPS-treated mice was more effective than that of LPS-nontreated mice. We are now in the process of elucidating the immunological action mechanism of acupuncture and Radix Astragali aqua-acupuncture stimuli. And cytokine $IL-1{\beta}$ can be used not only as a basis of the effects of acupuncture and Radix Astragali aqua-acupuncture but also as a diagnosis guide through the immunological actions of those.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.425-431
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• 2001

From an ecological point of view, the western part of the Atlantic sector is one of the most productive areas in the Southern Ocean. Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and krill-dependent predators such as fish, seals, and birds are abundant there, and most krill fisheries have operated in this area since 1970s. The hottest issues for the proper management of krill resources nowadays are to determine total biomass in this area, and to identify environmental forces controlling stock fluctuation. This paper reviews and collates information on ongoing oceanographic activities in the Antarctic Peninsula region concerning these issues. To delineate the status and function of Antarctic krill population in Antarctic marine ecosystems, multinational researches along the Antarctic Peninsula area have been developing recently. Four member states of CCAMLR (Japan, Russia, UK, and USA) had conducted acoustic surveys in January-February 2000 (socalled CCAMLR-2000 survey), and krill standing stock at 120 kHz was estimated to be 44.29 million metric tonnes in the western Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. On the other hand, the Southern Ocean GLOBEC (SO-GLOBEC) Programme has prepared a serial winter survey to examine the factors that govern krill survivorship and distribution in relation to shelf circulation processes. Ship-based surveys using ice-breakers are being conducted by three nations (Germany, UK, and USA) around the Marguerite Bay during the austral fall and winter 2001 and 2002. In addition to these two large-scale surveys, some CCAMLR members have carried out joint oceanographic surveys near the South Shetland Islands to detect ecosystem changes since 1994. Especially from December 1999 to February 2000, in conjunction with CCAMLR-2000 survey, four nations (Japan, Korea, Peru, and USA) conducted acoustic surveys to produce time-series information on krill distribution and biomass near the South Shetland areas. Though the aims of each program and the approach to solve the scientific questions were different each other, the results from each program fill the gaps between programs. Further cooperation and exchange in these activities could be beneficial to each program.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.57-66
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• 2005

Korea has experienced serious changes during the last several decades of industrialization. Limited land resources and excessive rural-to-urban migration inevitably resulted high-rise apartment housing development. However, apartment housing couldn't follow up social change and residents' needs. Turning into the 21st century, there are great demands for the diversification of housing style and amenity of housing, which include enhancing community lift through proper collective environment. To solve these problems, cohousing has been introduced in Scandinavian countries. A primary goal of cohousing is the desire of residents to live in a socially supportive setting. People can do housework together and also can promote active mutual relationship among residents in the community. Physical feature of cohousing, in combination with social organization factors, may serve to enhance or support the sense of community sought by residents. In this point of view, the purpose of this study is to find out the physical feature of cohousing in Denmark and Sweden. First, it is to figure out the background and development of cohousing in Denmark and Sweden. Then, by making clear physical features between similarity and difference of two countries of cohousing through case study; such as housing type, the circulation patterns, common facilities and etc. This paper could suggest a possibility of application of cohousing in Korea to present how they encourage emphasize design aspects that increase the possibilities for social contacts and the sense of community. Also, it goes on to suggest that the educational program and the support from the government.