• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.16-27
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• 2004

In the traditional Chinese medicine, Drynariae Rhizoma (DR) has been reported as a good enhancer for bone healing. DR, a plant widely used in the traditional medicinal systems of Korea, has been reported to possess antiviral, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. Modulation of immune response to alleviate disease has been of interest for a long time. Plant extracts have been widely investigated for possible immunomodulatory properties. Thus, I have evaluated the anticellular and immunomodulatory properties of ethanolic extract of DR. DR extract inhibited proliferation of mitogen (phytohaemagglutinin; PHA) and antigen (purified protein derivative; PPD)-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In addition, DR inhibited growth of several cell lines of mouse and human origin. It also inhibited production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;(TNF-{\alpha})$. Intracytoplasmic $interferon-{\gamma}\;(IFN-{\gamma})$ and expression of cell surface markers, CD16 and HLA-DR, on human PBMC, were not affected on treatment with DR but CD25 expression was down regulated. This study demonstrates the antiproliferative and immunosuppressive potential of ethanolic extract of DR in vitro.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.37-51
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• 2018

Molecular phylogenetic analysis was conducted to evaluate the taxonomic relationships of genus Arisaema L. distributed in Korea and the molecular phylogenetic characteristics of three authentic Arisaema species for the herbal medicine Arisaematis Rhizoma (the rhizomes of A. amurense, A. heterophyllum, and A. erubescens). The sequences of three DNA barcodes (rDNA-ITS, matK, and rbcL) were analyzed using 50 samples of nine taxa consisted of eight Korean and one Chinese Arisaema with one outgroup (Dracunculus vulgaris). Both individual and combined phylogenetic analyses of three DNA barcode sequences revealed that the treated nine taxa are independently classified into six distinct clades (Clade I, A. amurense f. amurense and A. amurense f. serratum; Clade II, A. serratum and A. takesimense; Clade III, A. ringens; Clade IV, A. erubescens; Clade V, A. heterophyllum; Clade VI, A. thunbergii subsp. thunbergii and A. thunbergii subsp. geomundoense). These six clades were reasonably divided into three individual sections, Pedatisecta, Sinarisaema, and Tortuosa. Futhermore, the results of comparative DNA barcode sequences analyses provided a significant information for the taxonomic reconsideration of Arisaema L. at the specific and intraspecific level. However, we could not confirm the taxonomic characteristics or identity among the three authentic medicinal species through the molecular phylogenetic analyses of genus Arisaema L. for Arisaematis Rhizoma.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.144-150
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• 2014

Yams (Dioscorea spp), which are edible or medicinal tuber crops, are a important crop in South Korea. Yams require a high level of soil fertility. The various cultural practices such as fertilizing and plowing were tested for marketable tuber production in Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita). Tuber yield was also affected by organic matters in soil. Application higher level of organic matters result in increased each tuber weight and tuber yield per unit area. The nutrient absorption quantity of the plant such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid, calcium and potassium was increased from 100~120 days after planting, which time to begin tuber enlargement. The tuber yield was increased when the fertilization increased in quantity. Total yield and marketable ratio were the highest in 31~32 kg/10a of nitrogen fertilizer. From above result, income become larger with increase of marketable yield and quality improvement at 63% (27 kg/10a) level of conventional N fertilization (43 kg/10a). The tuber yield was not significantly different between with in various application level of potash fertilizer. Tuber size and weight decreased accordingly to decreased fertilizing level, so the rates of small tubers increased greatly at cultivation without chemical fertilizer. In considering the accumulation rates of allantoin in Chinese yam tubers, the apt harvest season was after October. The allantoin quantity of it was not influenced with nitrogen fertilizing. Moreover it was advantageous with decrease of chemical fertilizer and appropriate fertilizing in soil environment protection. Commercial tuber's number and yield were increased in trenching before planting with trencher compared with rotavating with tractor.

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

We conducted a comprehensive analysis of research papers on ginseng to provide an overview of global ginseng research. The qualitative and quantitative interpretation was carried out using collected data of Panax species and six other herbal plants from the Web of Science^TM Core Collection. We summarized and classified them by country/territory and institutions based on the corresponding author's institution. The first ginseng paper appeared in 1905 and since then, 8,090 papers have been published until 2019. Among them 7,385 papers were published in recent 24 years from 1996 to 2019. It was 18 papers in 1980, 53 in 1990, 97 in 2000, 369 in 2010, and increased to 678 in 2019. Proportion of ginseng papers in total number of scientific papers were also greatly increased, namely, 0.0008% in 1970, 0.0044% in 1980, 0.101% in 1990, 0.0141% in 2000, and 0.0422% in 2019. 7,099 original research papers including notes and 286 review papers were published during last 24 years. Total 3,286 institutions in 78 countries and 1,274 journals contributed to the publication of ginseng papers. Korea was the leading country in ginseng papers up to 2013, however, China took over the top from 2014. Chinese institutions contributed 40.3% of total papers followed by Korea (34.7%), USA (6.0%), Japan (4.1%), and Canada (2.9%). Ginseng was the most studied medicinal plant during last 24 years followed by tea, garlic, ginkgo, and ginger whose number of papers were 6,499, 3,641, 2,590, and 1,945, respectively.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.69-75
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• 2010

Objectives : The root and rhizome of "Gangwhal" have been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of cold, fever, headache, swelling, arthritis, rhinitis, and cardiovascular diseases in Korea and china. In china, Gangwhal is well known as a useful oriental medicinal plant that treats cardiovascular diseases such as stroke, headache and hypertension, but little research exists about the effect of O. koreanum on cardiovascular disease. Therefore we investigated the vasorelaxant effects of O. koreanum and compared the vasorelaxant effects of four species of Gangwhal. Methods : The vasorelaxant effects of the ethanol extracts of Ostericum koreanum (NK and BK), Notopterygium incisium (NI), and N. forbesii (NF) on phenyleprine ($1{\mu}M$) or KCl (60mM) pre-contracted rat thoracic aorta rings were compared. The vasorelaxant effects of the water extract and ethanol extract of NK on phenyleprine ($1{\mu}M$) or KCl (60mM) pre-contracted rat thoracic aorta rings were compared. And the vasorelaxant effects of chloroform, ethylacetate and water fraction of ethanol extract of NK on phenyleprine ($1{\mu}M$) or KCl (60mM) pre-contracted rat thoracic aorta rings were compared. Results : Ethanol extracts of NK, BK, NI and NF relaxed rat thoracic aorta rings with a concentration-dependent manner, and NK showed the greatest vasorelaxant effect. And ethanol extract of NK was much more effective than water extract of NK. Finally, chloroform, ethylacetate and water fraction of ethanol extract of NK also relaxed rat thoracic aorta rings, and chloroform fraction showed the greatest vasorelaxant effect.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.531-535
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• 2016

Phlomis umbrosa and Dipsacus asperoides are distinct species, even though they have a similar appearance. Dipsacus asperoides is used as a Chinese medicinal plant for and has bone strengthening and fracture healing but Phlomis umbrosa has no effect on bone growth. Recently, these plants were used in children's food to improve their bone growth, without distinction in food. Intakes of Dipsacus asperoides in food may be dangerous, because it has never been used in food and its safety has never been tested in humans. We developed liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method to distinguish these plants in food. The method was validated for linearity, limits of detection, limits of quantification, accuracy and precision. In 5 of 17 samples, we identified Dipsacus asperoides, containing loganin $0.19-14.45{\mu}g/mL$, sweroside $0.13-4.61{\mu}g/mL$ and akebia saponin D $0.59-19.29{\mu}g/mL$. The developed method might be useful to identify Dipsacus asperoides in adulterated food.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.353-358
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• 2001

The leaves of Duchung(Eucommia ulmoides), an oriental medicinal plant, have a peculiar aroma of Chinese medicine and astringent taste, which make the consumer be reluctant to Duchung leaf tea. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a mild flavored Duchung leaf tea by mixing with other plants. The flavor patterns of developed tea were analyzed using an electronic nose. Polygonatum odoratum and Elsholtzia splendens were used for improving the flavor of Duchung leaf tea. The addition of 20, 30 and 40% of Polygonatum odoratum improved the overall acceptance in hedonic sensory evaluation. The flavor pattern of the tea was described by principal component analysis(PCA) and the resistance ratio(R/cub gas/R$\_$air/) of sensors. The PCA plot was also used to explain the mild flavor of the tea, which was extended from the right side(positive value of the first principal component) to the left side(negative value). Analysis by using an electronic nose with metal oxide sensors could be applied to detect whether mixed Duchung leaf tea was acceptable or not.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1984.09a
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• pp.97-105
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• 1984

Effect of water extract of red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) from Nagano prefecture on (1) forced exercise in mice using rope climbing test, (2) extinction of memory in hanging stressed mice and rectal temperature during the exposure to hanging stress, (3) sex and learning behavior of chronic hanging stressed mice, (4) sex cycle in the adult female mice using chronic hanging stress, and (5) motor coordination and one trial passive avoidance response in $40\%$ alcohol administered mice using rotar-rod and step-through tests, were studied. Drugs tested were given orally. (1) When it was given before the forced exercise, it potentiated the performance of the forced exercise. When it was given just after the forced exercise once a day for 2 weeks, it protected the mice against the reduction of the performance on the forced exercise. (2) When it was given just after the stress once a day for 4 days, it delayed the extinction of passive avoidance response in both step through and stepdown tests, and protected the stressed mice against the decrease in rectal temperature slightly. (3) It protected the stressed mice against the decrease of sex behaviour and the increase in the failure of performance of passive avoidance response, and delayed the extinction of passive avoidanc

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.373-383
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• 2019

The objectives of this study were to compare the protein expression patterns and degrees and identify the protein function of disomic addition lines (DAs) in Leymus racemosus, in order to improve the quality of wheat. Upon SDS-PAGE, L. racemosus showed two major protein bands whereas Chinese Spring (CS) had four major protein bands of high molecular weight. The DA(s) generally showed a similar protein expression pattern to that of CS, because 42 chromosomes were from CS and two chromosomes were from L. racemosus. However, only the L.r[J] line showed two protein bands of between 15 and 20 kDa, like L. racemosus. Image analysis based on 2-DE revealed that L.r[F] had the most upregulated protein spots, whereas L.r[N] had the least upregulated protein spots. For L.r[I], the frequency of the downregulated protein spots was higher than that of the upregulated ones. Using MALDI-TOF MS, the protein function was identified for each protein spot on the 2-DE polyacrylamide gel. The protein spots were classified into 11 groups according to protein function. Among the 11 groups, most protein spots of the DA(s) were identified as proteins related to metabolism. Additionally, unique protein spots of the DA(s) were related to abiotic stressors such as cold and heat. Those proteins are useful for improving wheat quality with resistance against abiotic stressors.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.470-477
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• 2019

White jelly fungus (Tremella fuciformis Berk) is effective for hypertension, diabetes, obesity, lung disease, beauty, and has been known as an elixir of life in ancient Chinese dynasty. In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity and diabetic effects of the fermented white jelly fungus extract by the bioconversion process. We fed an obesity-inducing mouse with 5% non-fermented Tremella fuciformis (TF), 2.5% fermented Tremella fuciformis (FTF), and 5% FTF containing High Fats Diet (HFD) and HFD for 8 weeks, respectively. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed analysis after 7 weeks of feeding and the dietary intake, food efficiency ratio, body weight, liver, epididymal fat weight, and serum insulin level were measured after 8 weeks of feeding. Also, HOMA-IR was analyzed. The concentrations of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides test was analyzed. The FTF compare with 5% TF and HFD confirmed that 5% FTF reduced body weight, tissue weight, triglycerides concentration, HOMA-IR, respectively. As a result, we confirmed that the fermented white jelly fungus has the anti-obesity effect. Finally, this study can be used a basic data for obesity treatment using fermented white jelly fungus.