• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.331-350
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• 2022

This study aims to understand topics of incivility related to COVID-19 from analyzing Twitter posts including COVID-19-related hate speech. To achieve the goal, a total of 63,802 tweets that were created between December 1st, 2019, and August 31st, 2021, covering three targets of hate speech including region and public facilities, groups of people, and religion were analyzed. Frequency analysis, dynamic topic modeling, and keyword co-occurrence network analysis were used to explore topics and keywords. 1) Results of frequency analysis revealed that hate against regions and public facilities showed a relatively increasing trend while hate against specific groups of people and religion showed a relatively decreasing trend. 2) Results of dynamic topic modeling analysis showed keywords of each of the three targets of hate speech. Keywords of the region and public facilities included "Daegu, Gyeongbuk local hate", "interregional hate", and "public facility hate"; groups of people included "China hate", "virus spreaders", and "outdoor activity sanctions"; and religion included "Shincheonji", "Christianity", "religious infection", "refusal of quarantine", and "places visited by confirmed cases". 3) Similarly, results of keyword co-occurrence network analysis revealed keywords of three targets: region and public facilities (Corona, Daegu, confirmed cases, Shincheonji, Gyeongbuk, region); specific groups of people (Coronavirus, Wuhan pneumonia, Wuhan, China, Chinese, People, Entry, Banned); and religion (Corona, Church, Daegu, confirmed cases, infection). This study attempted to grasp the public's anti-citizenship public opinion related to COVID-19 by identifying domestic COVID-19 hate targets and keywords using social media. In particular, it is meaningful to grasp public opinion on incivility topics and hate emotions expressed on social media using data mining techniques for hate-related to COVID-19, which has not been attempted in previous studies. In addition, the results of this study suggest practical implications in that they can be based on basic data for contributing to the establishment of systems and policies for cultural communication measures in preparation for the post-COVID-19 era.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.193-200
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• 2000

This study examined the experience and intention of health food use regarding the different type of health foods among 201 middle-aged Korean men form urban areas. Based upon the results of a prestudy, health foods were classified into 4 groups including Chinese medicine(CM), toner foods(TF), vitamin or mineral supplements(VMS), and other manufactured heath food supplements(MHFS). compared with the4 case of health food experience, the similar proportion of the subjects were intended to use CM( 70%) and MHFS( 40%), yet the smaller proportion of them had the intention for TF(46%) and VMS(52%). Our subjects mainly obtained information on CM and TF from social networks, such as families, relatives, friends and neighbors and VMS and MHFS from mass media. Expected effects of health food consumption were different by the type of health food. The most positive expected effects were found in CM, followed by VMS. However, there was weak evidence for the positive effects of the TF and MHFS. Upon the consumption of health foods, our subject appeared to expect to their body energy to increased and body functions to be improved in general. Multivariate analyses indicated the importance of expected effects of health food consumption and aging symptoms as determinants of future health food use. Experience was rarely associated with intention in health food use. This study suggests that educated middle-aged Korean men may have a rational attitude toward health food use. Regarding different attitudes and behavior toward the different type of health foods, further research should consider the nature of each type of health foods. The limitations of this study are also discussed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.320-325
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• 2018

Objectives: This pilot study tested the effectiveness of a brief alcohol-related intervention delivered by the social media app WeChat to teach about ethanol-induced facial flushing and increase the willingness of students who see another student flushing to suggest that he or she should reduce or stop drinking. In the context of Chinese drinking culture, it is sometimes socially difficult to refuse a drink, even when experiencing physical discomfort, such as flushing. Methods: Classrooms of students in a medical university in China were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. Students in the intervention group were invited to view 3 alcohol education lessons on WeChat during a 2-week period. A pretest and posttest before and after the 2-week period assessed changes in students' willingness to intervene if they saw someone flush while drinking. Data were collected about students' alcohol use and their ratings of the lessons. Results: Mixed-design analysis of variance yielded a significant time-by-treatment interaction effect on the variable of willingness to suggest that a flushing person stop or slow down their drinking, and the change was significant between the intervention and control groups. One-way analysis of covariance yielded a significant treatment effect at the posttest, after controlling for the pretest score. Students rated the lessons above the midpoint of the scale for being informative, interesting, and useful. Conclusions: The pilot study showed that a brief alcohol-related intervention delivered by WeChat could produce a measurable positive change in the willingness of university students to suggest that a student who flushes should stop drinking. This pilot study also suggested improvements for future lessons and evaluation design.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.57-76
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• 2024

A virtual influencer is a digital artifact that primarily operates on social media and acts like the human influencer. This study investigate how the attractiveness and reputation of virtual influencers affect consumers' purchase intentions. Based on previous studies, we developed a research model and questionnaire, and analyzed a total of 371 survey questionnaires using a structural equation model. The study results show that reputation positively affect attachment, imitation desire, and interaction, while attractiveness positively influence attachment and imitation desire but not interaction. Lastly, purchase intention was positively influenced by imitation desire, attachment, and interaction; which indicates that attractiveness, reputation, and interactivity are crucial factors in virtual influencer implementation strategies. The quality and reliability of contents provided by virtual influencers are essential not only for gaining popularity but also for maintaining a good reputation. Additionally, continuous interaction is necessary in order to foster close relationships with consumers. A few practical insights are presented for firms considering to implement a virtual influencer.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.1
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• pp.87-123
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• 1989

The purpose of this thesis is to do a research on suppression of peacetime international terrorism and penal system of terrorists by political and economic means. International terrorism means wanton killing, hostage taking, hijacking, extortion or torture committed or threatened to be comitted against the innocent civilian in peacetime for political motives or purposes provided that international element is involved therein. This research is limited to international terrorism of political purposes in peacetime, especially, hijacking of civil aircraft. Hijacking of civil aircraft include most of international terrorism element in its criminal act and is considered to be typical of international terrorism in view of multinationality of its crews, passengers and transnational borders involved in aircraft hijacking. Civil air transportation of today is a indispensable part of international substructure, as it help connect continuously social cultural and economic network of world community by dealing with massive and swift transportation of passengers and all kinds of goods. Current frequent hijacking of civil aircraft downgrade the safety and trust of air travel by mass slaughter of passengers and massdestruction of goods and endanger indispensable substructure of world community. Considering these facts, aircraft hijacking of today poses the most serious threat and impact on world community. Therefore, among other thing, legal, political, diplomatic and economic sanctions should be imposed on aircraft hijacking. To pursue an effective research on this thesis aircraft hijacking by six Chineses on 5th May, 1983, from mainland China to Seoul, Korea, is chosen as main theme and the Republic of Korea's legal, political and diplomatic dealing and settlement of this hijacking incident along with six hijackers is reviewed to find out legal, political diplomatic means of suppression and solution of international terrorism. Research is focused on Chinese aircraft hijacking, Korea-China diplomatic negotiation, Korea's legal diplomatic handling and settlement of Tak Chang In, mastermind of aircraft hijacking and responses and position of three countries, Korea, China and Taiwan to this case is thoroughly analyzed through reviewing such materials as news reportings and comments of local and international mass media, Korea-China Memorandum, statements of governments of Korea, China and Taiwan, verdicts of courts of Korea, prosecution papers and oral argument by the defendants and lawyers and three antiaircraft hijacking conventions of Hague, Tokyo and Montreal and all the other instruments of international treaties necessary for the research. By using above-mentioned first-hand meterials as yardsticks, legal and political character of Chinese aircraft hijacking is analyzed and reviewed and close cooperation among sovereign states based on spirit of solidarity and strict observance of international treaties such as Hague, Tokyo and Montreal Conventions is suggested as a solution and suppressive means of international terrorism. The most important and indispensable factor in combating terrorism is, not to speak, the decisive and constant resolution and all-out effort of every country and close cooperation among sovereign states based on "international law of cooperation."

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.423-435
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• 2021

The purpose of this paper is to verify the influence of the characteristics of Chinese online video on users' subscription satisfaction and continuous subscription intention. For this purpose, this paper conducted online and offline questionnaire for customers who had subscription experiences within one month from April 16 to May 16, 2021. A total of 338 questionnaires were collected, except for 55 dishonest responses and non-subscription responses. A total of 283 copies were used for empirical analysis. The analysis results are as follows. First, before implementing the hypothesis verification of this paper, the results of analyzing the rationality and reliability of the measurement concept show six factors of online video characteristics, such as accuracy, social impact, service quality, content diversity, information, and entertainment. Second, among the six factors of the characteristics of online video, accuracy, social influence, service quality, and information have a "positive (+)" impact on subscription satisfaction. Third, in addition to the content diversity and entertainment in the characteristics of online video, the other four factors have a positive impact on consumers' continuous subscription intention. Fourth, subscription satisfaction has a positive impact on continuous subscription intention. Fifth, there is a media effect of subscription satisfaction between the characteristics of online video and the intention of continuous subscription.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.172-182
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• 2020

Objectives : In this study, we conducted a focus group interview among expatriates living in Korea, to investigate their experiences and perceptions of acupuncture and Korean Medicine in order to improve the usage of Korean Medicine in the medical tourism market. Methods : The inclusion criteria for the focus group interview was: (1) participants between the age of 20 to 75 years old; (2) those who had lived in Korea for more than 90 days, and (3) those who were able to express their thoughts freely in English. The participants were informed that the interviews will be recorded and transcribed. We ended recruitment once saturation of materials was met. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the data was analyzed after each interview. Results : The interviews were held between June to December 2016. Twenty-four participants were recruited but four dropped out and a total of twenty participants successfully finished the interviews. Six focus group interviews were conducted. Analysis revealed that Korean Medicine was relatively less known compared to Traditional Chinese Medicine or Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Participants automatically associated acupuncture with the management of pain or stress and replied that these were the areas that they thought acupuncture would be most effective. Positive experiences with acupuncture and with the acupuncture practitioners were factors that promoted the use of acupuncture whereas lack of awareness, accessibility and accreditation were factors that hindered its use. Other factors that hindered the use of acupuncture was needle phobia and the perception that acupuncture lacks scientific evidence. Conclusions : Awareness on Korean Medicine and acupuncture is low. Participants lack awareness on what diseases acupuncture can treat, the scientific evidence behind the mechanism of action, and the rigorous education system that Korean Medicine doctors must go through to get their license. Rigorous marketing should be encouraged, which includes greater exposure in the media, more honest reviews from patients, and promotion of the scientific evidence base.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.575-585
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• 2022

Negative perceptions about corporate social responsibility (CSR) crises and repeated crises are increasing. It is necessary to examine the effects of a proactive strategy of disclosing crisis information against the negative perceptions. The research is intended to analyze ability-based trust, and benevolence-based trust by crisis type, crisis history, and timing of crisis disclosure. In this regard, a 2 (crisis history: present vs. absent) x 2 (crisis type: corporate ability crisis vs CSR crisis) x 2 (timing of crisis disclosure: stealing thunder vs thunder) between-groups design experiment was conducted. Research results show crisis type and crisis history have significant interaction effects on ability-based trust. In the CSR crisis, the case with crisis history shows lower ability-based trust than the case without crisis history. Timing of crisis disclosure showed significant interactions with crisis history and crisis type. The stealing thunder strategy heigntened ability-based trust and benevolence-based trust against the CSR crises and the cases without crisis history more than the corporate ability crises and the cases with crisis history. Considering that the stealing thunder strategy is more effective with the CSR crises than the corporate ability crises, the research results suggest that future CSR crisis responses should prepare active disclosure of crisis information before news media disclosure of such information.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.184-203
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• 2020

The Confucian ruling class of the Joseon Dynasty regarded Buddhist rituals as "dangerous festivals." However, these Buddhist ceremonies facilitated transitions between phases of life from birth till death and strengthened communal unity through their joint practice of the rites. Ritual spaces were decorated with various utensils and objects that transformed them into wondrous arenas. Of these ornaments, Buddhist paintings served as the most effective visual medium for educating the common people. As an example, a painting of the Ten Kings of the Underworld (siwangdo) could be hung as a means to illustrate the Buddhist view of the afterlife, embedded in images not only inside a Buddhist temple hall, but in any space where a Buddhist ritual was being held. Demand for Buddhist paintings rose considerably with their use in ritual spaces. Nectar ritual paintings (gamnodo), including scenes of appeasement rites for the souls of the deceased, emphasized depictions of royal family members and their royal relatives. In Chinese paintings of the water and land ceremony (suryukjae), these figures referred to one of several sacred groups who invited deities to a ritual. However, in Korean paintings of a nectar ritual, the iconography symbolized the patronage of the royal court and underlined the historicity and tradition of nationally conducted water and land ceremonies. This royal patronage implied the social and governmental sanction of Buddhist rituals. By including depictions of royal family members and their royal relatives, Joseon Buddhist paintings highlighted this approval. The Joseon ruling class outwardly feared that Buddhist rituals might undermine observance of Confucian proprieties and lead to a corruption of public morals, since monks and laymen, men and women, and people of all ranks mingled within the ritual spaces. The concern of the ruling class was also closely related to the nature of festivals, which involved deviation from the routines of daily life and violation of taboos. Since visual media such as paintings were considered to hold a special power, some members of the ruling class attempted to exploit this power, while others were apprehensive of the risks they entailed. According to Joseon wangjo sillok (The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty), the Joseon royal court burned Buddhist paintings and ordered the arrest of those who created them, while emphasizing their dangers. It further announced that so many citizens were gathering in Buddhist ritual spaces that the capital city was being left vacant. However, this record also paradoxically suggests that Buddhist rituals were widely considered festivals that people should participate in. Buddhist rituals could not be easily suppressed since they performed important religious functions reflecting the phases of the human life cycle, and had no available Confucian replacements. Their festive nature, unifying communities, expanded significantly at the time. The nectar ritual paintings of the late Joseon period realistically delineated nectar rituals and depicted the troops of traveling actors and performers that began to emerge during the seventeenth century. Such Buddhist rituals for consoling souls who encountered an unfortunate death were held annually and evolved into festivals during which the Joseon people relieved their everyday fatigue and refreshed themselves. The process of adopting Buddhist rituals-regarded as "dangerous festivals" due to political suppression of Buddhism in the Confucian nation-as seasonal customs and communal feasts is well reflected in the changes made in Buddhist paintings.