• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.131-140
• /
• 1971

Anions a total of 1,410 women who were taken in th the Ilshin Maternity Hospital in Pusan for child-bearing front January 1 to Hay 31, 1970, review and observation were made on 653 mothers and 661 babies delivered (including twin) who had received parental care, and on 757 mothers and 773 babies delivered (including twin) who had not received parental care. The results are: 1. Out of 1,410 women 653 received parental care, The number is 46.4% 2. Most of them are between 25 and 29 years of age, and it shows the highest percentage. 3. Twenty five % of them visited the hospital care for the first time in the tenth month of pregnancy It was the highest percentage. 4. Those who visited the clinic only once for parental care during the pregnancy were 25.7%, the highest percentage. 5. Those who got parental care among primiparae were 43.7%, and among multiphase were 48.5% The rates are similar to each other. 6. Maturity rate of the babies delivered after receiving prenatal care: mature 91%, Immature- 1% and premature- 8%. 7. It was found that among primiparae were the higher frequency of prematurity. 8. Among babies delivered by mothers after receiving parental care, 8.1% were premature, while 16.1% of babies delivered by those who han't received the care were premature. 9. Mothers between 25 and 29 years of age brought birth to premature. babies most. 10. Frequency of prematurity based on the times of parental care received was: once or twice -8.7% 3 or 4 time-8.9%, 5 or times-10.3%, 7 or 8 times-4.5%, 11 or 12 times-2.7%, 13 or 14 times-3.8%. 11. Percental death rate shows 2.9% among the mothers received prenatal care, and 7.3% among those without parental care. 12. Average weight of a baby boy was 3,114 gm, and that of a baby girl was 3,021 gm. 13. Obstetric complication rate was 63,2% in the babies delivered by mothers with prenatal care, and 85.6% in those delivered by mothers without parental care.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.129-141
• /
• 2004

Objective: The purpose of this clinical observation was to estimate the efficacy of Quetong & Voice on the abatement of subjective symptoms related nose & pharynx. Methods: We observed 46 patients who visited Kang-Nam oriental hospital with subjective symptoms related nose & pharynx that were prescribed Quetong or Voice. We made an inquiry into the inconvenience, side effect, abatement of subjective symptoms, etc. We used the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results and Conclusions: 1. The distribution of age & sex was as fallows: 21-30 years(34.8%) were the most, 31-40 years(26.1 %) were the second, 1-10 years(24.0%) were the third. Total patient numbers for men and women were 15 men(32.6%), 31 women(67.4%). 2. The distribution of prescribed aerosols for 46 patients: 5 cases(10.9%) prescribed Quetong, 22 cases(47.9%) prescribed Voice, and 19 cases(41.3%) prescribed Quetong & Voice. 3. The duration of use: 12 cases(26.1 %) used 1 week, 19 cases(41.3%) used 1-2 weeks, 9 cases(19.6%) used 2-4 weeks, 4 cases(8.7%) used 4-8 weeks, and 2 cases(4.3%) used above 8 weeks. 4. The frequency of use: The most patients used 1-5 times(69.6%) or 5-10 times(21.7%) for a day. 5. Quetong & Voice were effective on abatement of subjective symptoms(rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, pharyngalgia, sneeze or cough, post nasal drip, pharyngeal pruritus, pharyngeal dryness, nasal dryness, and globus hystericus). 6. We must prescribe Quetong to the child or the sensitive patients with discretion becouse of the sting. 7. The side effect was not occurred in all of 46 patients.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.35-45
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to explore the meaning of place that is formed by children experiencing the space of kindergarten existentially. For this purpose, the indoor and outdoor spaces of kindergarten, which is a real place where infants experience, are selected as the study observation category. In order to carry out the research, video recording was done focusing on children's free choice activity time and outdoor play through infant observation and non - formal interview. As a result of research, it is found that the place nature of kindergarten as an existential space experienced by infant and teacher as a space that is formed in experience and relation, place as a common production space of play, place as a space where education and life coexist, It was shown that it represents a special space created by experienced kindergarten, and a space characteristic as a space shared by communication. The place of kindergarten has a relationship with the existential experiences of infants, suggesting that teachers need a reinterpretation of space.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.6 no.11
• /
• pp.172-181
• /
• 2006

Universal designs begins from observing things. This paper understands contradiction and irrationality about drink bottle used unintentionally in our common life. Those have not found out until now. So an example observation about problem derivation and a practice method of Universal design is presented. People of various classes, such as a child, an old person and a woman, a male, the man in the street, and a disabled person, have been using drink bottle recently. However, the design of drink bottle has become on the basis of the fine and common man, so the other people, for example, children or handicapped persons experience many situations which cannot open cap or cannot be drunk without external help. This research posed questions from the children to the elders about drink bottle by the viewpoint of universal design paying attention to such problems. In the research result, the fixed quantity and qualitative quantity about problem are commented. And the fixed quantity utilized frequency analysis and chi-square verification ($X^2$) for the questionnaire result on the basis, and the qualitative quantity pointed out result in the universal design principle through the data of a precedence research result. An alternative plan for drink bottle's design is presented through case observation of conceptual approach to method of Universal design.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.159-176
• /
• 1998

In effort to conduct comparative study on the caregiving environment of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit(NICU) in both U. S and Korea, this study was been conducted first in the U.S. Purpose : The purpose of this study is to identify the physical environment and direct caregiving practices to lowbirth weight infants in NICU in the US. It also aims to examine the NICU outcome status and behavioral reponses of lowbirth weight infants. Methods : A study design using descriptive and inferential statistics was been conducted through an observational, field method. A sample of 15 preform infants admitted to NICU were recruited for the study. The subjects were those with birth weight between 1,000 gm to 1,500 gm, born at the gestation period of 27 to 33 weeks, and without any chromosomal or other genetic anomalies, major congenital infections, or maternal illness. Thirty minutes observation(three times of ten minutes of continuous observation)of the infant's behavior and physiological status, and an four-hour observation of the physical environment and direct care giving procedures were been conducted on the 3rd and 10th day after birth, and on the day of discharge from the NICU or at 34weeks postconception. The data to be collected were in four areas : the demograghic characteristics of the infants, the physical environment and care giving procedures, the frequency of the infant's designated behavior and physiological response, and NICU outcome variables. A descriptive analysis and Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson r were been applied according to variable characteristics. Results : 1. Mother's mean age was 29.47. The sample consisted of 6 males and 9 females. Mean gestational ages were 29.17 weeks. Mean birth weight was 1236.33g. Mean Apgar scores at one minute were 6.6, and 7.8 at five minutes. 2. The location for the incubator was in the distance from the light, X-ray screens and nursing station, in proximity to side-lamp, telephone and faucet on the third day after birth. The location for the incubator was in the distance from the light and radio on the tenth day and in proximity to nursing station on the day of dischage from the NICU or at 34weeks postconception. 3. Nesting was the most applying aids to the infants. And foot roll, shielding and plastic frame were frequently using by nurses for facilitating well modulated restful posture. 4. There were statistically significant changes in the patterns of physical environment included locating the infant's incubator and bedding, specific aids to self regulation on the 3rd and 10th day after birth, and on the day of discharge from the NICU or at 34weeks postconception. 5. Statistically significant changes were not appeared in the patterns of direct caregiving procedure to the infants included stress inducing or reducing manipulations on the 3rd and 10th day after birth, and on the day of discharge from the NICU or at 34weeks postconception. 6. The stress response of the infants in NICU were significantly reduced as the infants grow older. 7. There were not statistically significant correlation between the physical envronment and the stress responses of the infants in NICU. 8. There were statistically significant correlation between the direct caregiving procedure to the infants and the stress response of the infants in NICU in the second and third observation on the day three. 9. Average weight gain per day from birth to discharge was 38.73g, number of days in the hospital was 42.60, number of days before bottle feeding was 3.6. Postconception age starting bottle feed ing was 31/sup +5/ weeks. Number of days on mechanical ventilator was average 7.64, 11.42 was an average number of days of oxygen need. Conclusion : It, thus, appears that to minimize the sensorymotor stimulation for the low birthweight preterm infant in NICU, manipulation of care giving practices to the babies whatever the stress inducing or reducing procedures, have to be limited in the immediate early stage after birth. And it needed to be reexamine to identify the appropriate and specific physical environment and the patterns of direct caregiving to the low birthweight preform infant as the infants grow older in NICU.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 2014

Objectives : This study was conducted naturalistically in order to observe the long-term effects of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications on growth rates among Korean school-aged boys with ADHD. Methods : Participants in the study were boys with ADHD aged 6 to 11 years who have taken ADHD medication, methylphenidate (extended release) or atomoxetine. They attended scheduled visits monthly or bimonthly for clinical assessment with measurement of height and weight. In this study, 35 boys with ADHD (mean age at baseline=$7.90{\pm}1.77$ years ; mean age at endpoint= $12.54{\pm}1.91$ years) were included, with a mean follow-up period of 4.64 years (${\pm}1.62$ years), ranging from 2 to 9.7 years. Height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) measurements were converted to "age-corrected Z-scores" using data from Growth Charts provided by the Korean Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2007. Results : Age-corrected endpoint growth parameters (height, weight, BMI Z-scores) did not differ significantly from the baseline values (height t=0.027 ; weight t=-0.61 ; BMI t=-1.86, in paired t-test). Especially high correlation was observed between the baseline and endpoint height Z-scores (r=0.876, p<.001), for which the coefficient of determination $r^2$ was 0.767, meaning that the amount of variability in endpoint height Z-scores explained by the baseline height Z-scores was 76.7%. Conclusion : Our results suggested that the long-term effects of ADHD medications on growth parameters to be tolerable in Korean school-aged boys with ADHD.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.483-488
• /
• 2003

Nasopalatine duct cyst(NPDC) is the most common non-odontogenic cyst in the oral area and is thought to be originated from the epithelial remnants of the nasopalatine duct. Many etiologic factors have been proposed for the NPDC; trauma to the region during mastication or from ill fitting dentures, bacterial infection, and spontaneous proliferation of tissue. The majority of cases are seen between the ages of 40th and 60th and it is rare in children. Surgical enucleation is the recommended treatment for NPDC, usually under general anaesthesia. A 9-year-old boy was refered to the chosun university pedodontics clinic that this child who has anterior palatal swelling is in routine check. In this case, swelling was presented at the bottom of the anterior nasal cavity as well as in the labial aspect of the upper alveolar ridge. It was so large that we treated it by marsupialization and obturator was put. This patient is on the continuous observation. We treated the child who had NPDC by marsupialization, and got the successful results such as rapid bone regeneration and the consistency of incisor vitality.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.143-164
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine toddlers' experienced world, which was shown in a play of the nature-friendly outdoor environment. Through this, the aim was to offer an opportunity of trying to seek a plan for activation in the nature-friendly outdoor play as for toddlers. This study targeted 9 toddlers between 22 months and 33 months who are attending S child care center where is located in Busan Metropolitan City, and was progressed with qualitative research method available for examining the in-depth significance of the phenomenon. A method of data collection was carried out the participatory observation and the in-depth interview. As a result of the study, the toddlers play experience in nature friendly outdoor environment provided special and various experience that can be limited in indoor at daycare center. First, toddlers were experiencing 'exploratory world of making a sense awakened.' Second, toddlers were experiencing 'communicative world of making emotion awakened.' Finally, on the early childhood education and the child-care education, a plan of offering enough time will need to be pursued now that toddlers can experience a play by being deeply immersed in nature, which is the space of free communication and the living sensational space, with escaping from the existing frame.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.63-73
• /
• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sensory diet home program for children with autism spectrum disorder who have sensory defensiveness and explore how this intervention affect to sensory modulation and social interaction ability. Methods : The subject of this case study was a 12-year-old girl with autism spectrum disorder who was struggling with her sensory modulation problem. Parent interview and evaluations were conducted and subject-tailored sensory diet home program was made by the therapist. Parent education for the home program was provided to parents and everyday, 3 times, 30minutes of home program activities were conducted to the child for 23 days. Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile and Social Maturity Scale were measured at pre and post intervention and parent wrote daily observation record about child during the intervention. Results : After the intervention, Low Registration, Sensory Sensitivity, Sensation Avoiding area of Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile included to the normal range and the scores of the Social Maturity Scale improved. Conclusions : Child's sensory defensiveness was relieved and sensory modulation and controling emotion ability were improved. While there was significant improvement for sensory modulation and social interaction ability, this was a case study and there was only one subject. So we need to study with larger sample size to generalize this intervention's effectiveness.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.407-436
• /
• 2013

This study, based on understanding the play features of the participants, explores early children's peer-relation strategies of maintaining and altering play frame and understanding the meaning of the strategies. Free play of 5-year-old children's was observed. The child-care center was visited 1 or 2 days a week, from March to October, 2012. The data collected were based from field notes, interviews with participants, their workbooks and more. The participants used strategies such as 'refusing', 'incapacitating', 'interpreting in a way to sympathize', and 'changing the rules of play' to maintain the play, whilst 'tell-on', 'being on the same side', 'accepting 3rd party' features were used to alter play frame. Participants using these various play-frame strategies experienced life implications of 'dialectic of exclusion and selection' and 'quiver of boundary'. This study, specifying efforts of the children to maintain and alter the play frame, will provide an understanding of perception of "social exclusion" to children, which has been viewed negatively in the past. It will also benefit on-site teachers in helping them understand peer-relationship within children and provide a more in-depth intervention for peer-relationship issues.