• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.361-370
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• 1999

Baby walkers have been a major cause of injuries in young children. The main purpose of this study is to identify the pattern of injuries associated with baby walker. The data ore collected from May 13 to June 15, 1998 from 438 mothers who have used or are using baby walkers for their children aged average 6 month old(range 1-33 month). It was founded that 19.2%(84 infants) of these children had walker-related accidents. The types of injuries included ‘falling down’(52.4%), ‘tiping over’(21.4%), ‘being crashed into the wall’(17.9%), and burns(1.2%). These injuries predominantly involved the head and neck region(88%). The majority of injuries were minor, and most injuries occured at home with the mother present. The most common reason to use the baby walker was to keep the infant happy and occupied. Although many parents used walker to promote walking, there was no supportive evidence that walkers helped babies learn to walk sooner. In conclusion, injuries among infants who use walkers are minor, but common. Also, baby walkers may cause a fatal min to some infants. Therefore, child safety warning label policies, anticipatory safety guidance and quality control of infant walkers are needed to prevent injuries associated with a infant walker.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.293-300
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe health problems and psychosocial adaptation in children with cancer and to determine the relationship between these two variables. Method: The data were collected from parents of 61 children with cancer, aged 4-11 years at one university hospital in Seoul. The instruments for this study were the Korea Child Behavior Check List (KCBCL) and a physical symptom checklist developed by the researchers. Result: The major health problems were coughing, sleeping disturbances, fatigue and weakness. The total behavior problem score for children in the cancer group was higher than the score for those in the norm group. The scores on the scales for withdrawal, somatic complaints, social immaturity, and internalizing problems were higher in the children with cancer compared to normative findings. Scores on social and school competence in the cancer group were lower than the norms for healthy children. The relationship between health problems and psychosocial adaptation was significant in the subscales of withdrawal, anxiety/depression, internalizing problems and social involvement in the off therapy group. Conclusions: This study shows the various areas that need further study in caring for children with cancer.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.189-199
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• 2003

Purpose: The purposes of this study is to develop an educational program to prevent sexual abuse of children and to improve the physical and mental health of children by providing a rape-free environment and safety education. This program will provide parents and children with information on how to prevent sexual abuse in children. Children learn specific methods to avoid being victimized both at home and outside the home through a learning game and simulation, which is based on problem solving. Method: This program was developed based on a literature reviews, surveys and negotiation process. School- aged-children, parents, and teachers were interviewed to reveal their educational needs based on their experiences related to sexual abuse. Result: This program includes useful subjects such as safety education, early detection of sexual abuse, crisis management, resource persons, and phone numbers of available hospital. Counseling is provided by researcher or by a pediatric psychiatrist if needed. Conclusion: This program could be adequately utilized for prevention of sexual abuse of children. It also will provide an intervention strategy for abused children. This educational program was distributed to all of the elementary school through the Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.405-413
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate effects of behavior modification on obesity index, skinfold thickness, body fat, serum lipids, serum leptin in obese elementary school children. Method: Forty seven students were selected from two elementary schools. Twenty four children in one school were assigned to experimental group and twenty three children in another school were assigned to control group. Experimental group was received 60～70 minutes of behavior modification once a week for 8 weeks. Result: Obesity index of the experimental group was significantly decreased after behavior modification. But there was no significant difference between two groups. The increase of skin fold thickness was significantly low in the experimental group compared to the control group. Percentage of body fat and fat mass were significantly decreased in the experimental group. Fat free mass was significantly increased in the experimental group. HDL-C, triglyceride and serum leptin between the experimental group and control group showed no significant difference. Conclusion: These results indicate that behavior modification is effective in decreasing percentage of body fat and fat mass, in less increasing skinfold thickness and in increasing fat free mass. In conclusion, behavior modification can be used as effective strategy for managing obesity in elementary school children.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.511-522
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• 2010

This study investigated the differences in college students' attitudes towards, and knowledge of contraceptives. Gender, age group and place of residence were examined to identify variables related to contraceptive use. A total of 388 responses were obtained from college students. The results are as follows: Firstly, significant differences were found in degree of contraceptive knowledge between genders, age groups, and residence types. There was also a significant interaction effect between gender and age. Secondly, there were significant differences of attitudes towards contraception in gender and age and there was also significant interaction effect between residence type and age. Thirdly, college students' contraceptive use could be successfully predicted by gender and attitude towards contraception. Male students who had positive attitudes towards contraception were more likely to use contraceptives. This suggests attitudes towards contraception should be considered when developing contraceptive programs.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2012

Objectives: The study has a purpose of contributing to understanding children of multi-cultural families and healthy development of children by examining influences of parental attachment perceived by the children on their anger trait and anger expressions. Methods: The data were collected from 113 students in grade 4~6, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, pearson correlation coefficient by the SPSS/PC 18.0 program. Results: The result showed the stable attachment with parents significantly influences children's anger and expression(anger out/control). And mother's attachment was significantly stronger than father's attachment, especially mutual trust and communication. Father's attachment had significantly negative influences state-trait anger and anger out/in, and mother's attachment had significantly negative influences state-trait anger and anger out. Actually father's attachment had stronger influences children's anger and anger expression. Conclusions: There was relationship between father's attachment and anger trait/ expression by children of multi-cultural families. For the effective management of multi-cultural children's anger, programs focusing on improving father-child relationships need to be established.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2013

Objectives: A descriptive correlational study was designed to examine the relationship of anger to psychosomatic symptoms. In addition, this study investigated the mediating effect of parental attachment in relation to anger and other variable. Methods: Data were collected from 112 subjects in grade 4 or 6, and descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierachical multiple regression were used with SPSS/PC 18.0 program to analyze the data. Results: There was a significantly positive effects between state-trait anger and psychosomatic symptoms. Father attachment negatively correlated state-trait anger and psychosomatic symptoms. Also, mother attachment negatively correlated state anger and psychosomatic symptoms. However, maternal attachment was not significantly associated with trait anger. Parental attachment had a significant mediating effect in relation to state-trait anger and psychosomatic symptoms. Conclusions: For the effective management of multi-cultural children's psychosomatic symptoms, programs including parental attachment increasing strategies should be established. These programs can increase parental attachment security which is mediator role between anger and psychosomatic symptoms.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.477-488
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to understand the subjective breastfeeding experience of primiparous women to identify how breastfeeding was started and to explore the process of breastfeeding. The Grounded theory methodology was used. Data was collected from 6 primiparous women who had breastfed their infants for at least over 8weeks, recently breastfeeding or having breatfed their infants within the last 6 months. With the permission of the subjects, the interviews were recorded and transcribed. The data were analysed in the framework of grounded theory method as mapped out by Strauss and Corbin(1990). 105 concepts and 21 subcategories were confirmed in the analysis. In the process of data analysis, "Identity as a mother" was found to be the core phenomenon. The 21 sub-categories were as follows : natural food, neighbour inducement, self purpose, good feeling, tenderness, breast pain, change of breast shape, physical discomfort, loss of physical energy, confirmation of maternal role, formation of affection feeling of adhesion, one body through coupling, tie, capacity, role performance, mental comfort, healthy mother, healthy infant, confidence of breast milk, feeling of satisfaction. The sub -categories were again grouped into 14 categories including infant nutritious food, formation of breastfeeding opportunity, feeling of satisfaction, injury of the breast, physical suffering, awareness of mothering, formation of maternal affection, connecting, coupling, acceptance, effort, emotional stability, mother and child health and feeling of achievement.hievement.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of the services provision of community health practitioners (CHP) and to find out the influence factors on the services provision of CHP. In this study the dependent variables were the level of community health services(CHS), maternal and child health services(MCH), family planning services(FPS), primary care services(PCS) and the ratios of preventive health services(PHS). And independent variables were predisposing, community demographic and task factors. For this analysis, atepwise regression was used. Data collected for the study on reorganization of health centers organization in 1985 was partly used. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows : First, total variance of independent variables for CHS, MCH, FPS, PCS and PHS are shown 62.5 percent, 58.3 percent, 41.8 percent, 17 percent and 61.9 percent respectively. Second, the most important variables which explain CHS, MCH, FPS, PCS and PHS was ratios of household contacted ($R^2$＝0.289), marital status ($R^2$＝0.177), marital status($R^2$＝0.167), ratios of household contacted($R^2$＝0.119) and management of preventive health services($R^2$＝=0.203) respectively. The independent varivbles used in this analysis presented that the explnining for the provision of preventive health service are more influenced than primary care services. In summary this analysis suggests that the level of preventive health services provision of CHP is low and the provision of primary care services compared with preventive health services are occurred independentely. In the future, the strategies for active preventive services by CHP must to be strengthened.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.74-85
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the attitudes of wives and husbands to the husband's presence during labor and delivery. Methods: A total of 264 participants including 132 wives and 132 husbands were surveyed. The participants' attitudes towards the husband's presence during child birth were collected using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, t-test, Mann-Whitney test, ANOVA with post hoc, and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: 119 husbands participated in all stages of labor. Mean attitude scores were 109.7(13.47) for wives and 108.7(12.60) for husbands. Husbands' attitudes scores were significantly related to marriage satisfaction and family planning. Conclusion: Wives and husbands had positive attitudes to the husband's presence during the labor and delivery. Therefore, husband's presence during labor and delivery could be encouraged.