• 제목/요약/키워드: Charge-Transfer

검색결과 1,027건 처리시간 0.031초

Photoelectron Spectroscopy Studies of the Electronic Structures of Al/RbF and $Al/CaF_2$ Cathodes for $Alq_3$-based Organic Light-emitting Devices

  • Park, Yong-Sup;Lee, Jou-Hahn
    • Journal of Information Display
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.28-32
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    • 2005
  • The electronic structures of Al/RbF/tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminium ($Alq_3$) and $Al/CaF_2/Alq_3$interfaces were investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). For both systems, the UPS showed a significant valence band shift following the deposition of the thin fluoride layers on $Alq_3$. However, the formation of gap state in valence region and the extra peak N 1s core level spectra showed different trends, suggesting that the alkali fluoride and alkali-earth fluoride interlayer have different reaction mechanisms at the interface between Al cathode and $Alq_3$. In addition, the deposition of Al has considerably less effect on the valence band shift compared to the deposition of both RbF and $CaF_2$. These results suggest that the charge transfer across the interface and the resulting gap state formation may have lesser effect on the enhancement of organic light-emitting device performance than the observed valence band shift, which is thought to lower the electron injection barrier.

통신위성 전력제어 및 분배장치 설계 및 해석

  • 최재동
    • 항공우주기술
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.108-116
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    • 2003
  • 본 연구는 통신위성 전력제어장치(Power control&Distribution Unit)의 설계 및 해석에 관한 내용을 기술한다. 위성체 전력제어장치는 임무기간동안 각 서브시스템과 탑재체에 충분한 전력을 공급하여야 하며, 또한 우주환경 하에서 높은 신뢰성 및 성능이 요구된다. 전력제어 및 분배장치의 제어회로를 위해 버스전압검출 및 필터회로, 오차신호 증폭회로 그리고 SAS 및 BPC 오차신호 회로가 포함되었다. 설계된 제어보상회로에 대한 주파수 응답특성분석을 통해 각 회로의 위상여유와 이득이 분석되었다. 또한 배터리 충/방전을 위한 BPC회로 분석을 통해 배터리 충전 연속모드, 배터리 방전 연속/불연속 모드에서의 입출력 전달함수가 제시되었다.

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A Simulated Prediction for Influences of Operating Condition in an Alkaline Fuel Cell

  • Jo Jang-Ho;Yi Sung-Chul
    • 전기화학회지
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    • 제2권3호
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    • pp.163-170
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    • 1999
  • AFC 단전지에서 운전조건의 영향은 이제까지 자세히 연구된 바 없다. 본 연구에서는 초기 전해질 농도와 가스 운전압력의 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 1차원 등온 모델을 이용해 전산모사를 수행하였다. 결과에 의하면, base-case에서 최적 전해질 농도는 $3.0\~3.5M$사이에 있는 것으로 발견되었다. 전해질 농도에 따른 전지 성능의 변화는 주로 양쪽 전극의 전하전달 저항과 용해된 기체의 헨리상수 및 액상확산이 원인인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한, 운전 압력의 증가는 반응속도와 가스의 용해도를 증가시켰으며, 이것으로 인해 전지 성능이 상당히 향상되는 것으로 조사되었다

Monitoring of Corrosion Rates of Carbon Steel in Mortar under a Wet-Dry Cyclic Condition

  • Kim, Je-Kyoung;Kang, Tae-Young;Moon, Kyung-Man
    • 전기화학회지
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    • 제10권3호
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    • pp.179-183
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    • 2007
  • The corrosion behavior of metal covered with mortar under a wet-dry cyclic condition were investigated to apply for the measurement of corrosion rates of reinforcing steel in concrete structure. The carbon steel in mortar having t=3 mm cover thickness was exposed to the alternate condition of 6 h immersion in chloride containing solution and 18 h drying at $25^{\circ}C$ and 50%RH. The electrochemical phenomena of a carbon steel and mortar interface was explained by an equivalent circuit consisting of a solution resistance, a charge transfer resistance and a CPE(Constant Phase Element). The corrosion rates were monitored continuously during exposure using an AC impedance technique. Simultaneously, the current distribution over the working electrode during impedance measurement was analyzed from the phase shift, $\theta$, in an intermediate frequency. The result showed that corrosion rate monitoring using an AC impedance method is suitable under the given exposure conditions even during the drying period when the metal is covered with the wetted mortar.

Equilibrium Thermodynamics of Chemical Reaction Coupled with Other Interfacial Reactions Such as Charge Transfer by Electron, Colligative Dissolution and Fine Dispersion: A Focus on Distinction between Chemical and Electrochemical Equilibria

  • Pyun, Su-Il;Lee, Sung-Jai;Kim, Ju-Sik
    • 전기화학회지
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    • 제11권4호
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    • pp.227-241
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    • 2008
  • This article involves a unified treatment of equilibrium thermodynamics of the chemical reaction coupled with other interfacial (phase boundary) reactions. The modified (restrictive) chemical potential ${\mu}_k^+$, such as electrochemical potential, hydrostatic-chemical (mechanochemical) potential (exceptionally in the presence of the pressure difference) and surface-chemical potential, was first introduced under the isothermal and isobaric conditions. This article then enlightened the equilibrium conditions in case where the release of chemical energy is counterbalanced by the supply of electrical energy, by the supply of hydrostatic work (exceptionally in the presence of ${\Delta}p$), and finally by the release of surface energy, respectively, at constant temperature T and pressure p in terms of the modified chemical potential ${\mu}_k^+$. Finally, this paper focussed on the difference between chemical and electrochemical equilibria based upon the fundamentals of the isothermal and isobaric equilibrium conditions described above.

The Electrochemical Performance of Li3V2(PO4)3/Graphene Nano-powder Composites as Cathode Material for Li-ion Batteries

  • Choi, Mansoo;Kim, Hyun-Soo;Lee, Young Moo;Jin, Bong-Soo
    • Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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    • 제5권4호
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    • pp.109-114
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    • 2014
  • The $Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3$/graphene nano-particles composite was successfully synthesized by a facile sol-gel method. The addition of a graphene in $Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3(LVP)$(LVP) showed the high crystallinity and influenced the morphology of the $Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3$ particles observed in X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The LVP/graphene samples were well connected, resulting in fast charge transfer. The effect of the addition graphene nano-particles on electrochemical performance of the materials was investigated. Compared with the pristine LVP, the LVP/graphene composite delivered a higher discharge capacity of $122mAh\;g^{-1}$ at 0.1 C-rate, better rate capability and cyclability in the potential range of 3.0-4.3 V. The electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) measurement showed the improved electronic conductivity for the LVP/graphene composite, which can ensure the high specific capacity and rate capability.

고체전해질형 연료전지용 전해질 제작 및 La1-xSrxMnO3의 특성에 관한 고찰 (Electrolyte Preparation and Characteristics of La1-xSrxMnO3 for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell)

  • 임형렬;이주성
    • 공업화학
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.9-17
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    • 1996
  • 고체전해질형 연료전지용 전해질로 사용되는 8mol% YSZ($Y_2O_3$ stabilized zirconia)의 소결조건을 변화시켜 이온전도도를 측정하였다. 그 결과 소결조건이 $1400^{\circ}C$, 10시간이었을 때 가장 높은 값인 $10^{-1}S.cm^{-1}$를 나타내었다. 또한 산소극재료로서 $La_{1-x}Sr_xMnO_3$($0{\leq}{\times}{\leq}1$)를 고상반응법으로 제조하여 과전압, 전자 전도도, 전해질인 YSZ와의 계면저항등을 살펴보았다. 그 결과 La에 대한 Sr의 치환량이 50mol%일 때 가장 우수한 특성을 나타내었다.

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소랄렌의 광화학 반응에 대한 이론적 연구 (Ⅱ) 소랄렌 광생성물의 구조에 대하여 (Theoretical Studies on the Photochemical Reaction of Psoralens (Ⅱ) Structure-Activity Studies on the Psoralen Photoadducts)

  • 김자홍;손성호;양기수;홍성완
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제38권1호
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    • pp.8-12
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    • 1994
  • 소랄렌과 티민과의 구조-활성화에 대한 연구로써 소랄렌<>티민, 티민<>소랄렌<>티민의 들뜬 복합체의 모델화합물을 가정하고, 이들의 전자구조 및 전하이동량을 반경험적으로 분자궤도법으로 고찰하였다. 소랄렌의 광생성물에 대한 입체구조는 단일 부가생성물인 경우에는 trans-anti형의 소랄렌(3,4)<>티민(5,6)결합과 이중 부가생성물인 경우에는 cis-anti형태의 티민(5,6) <> (4',5')소랄렌(3,4) <>(5,6)티민의 결합이 유리하다는 사실을 알았다.

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2차원 CCD를 이용한 복사기 렌즈의 실시간 MTF 측정 (Real time MTF Measurement of Copy Lenses by two-dimensional CCDs)

  • 조현모;이윤우;이인원;김태희;최옥식;이환규
    • 한국광학회지
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 1996
  • 렌즈의 실시간 성능축정을 위하여 MTF측정장치에 CCD를 많이 사용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 2차원 CCD를 복사기 렌즈의 실시간 MFT측정장치에 사용했을 때 CCD에 의한 각종 MTF특성을 분석하였다. CCD로 측정한 복사기 렌즈의 MTF는 2차원 CCD의 shift register가 배열된 방향과 셔터 속도, 광신호 증폭회로의 증폭률에 따라 다른 특성을 나타내었다. 광원의 밝기에 의한 MTF 값의 변화를 줄이기 위하여 축상면 및 비축상면에서 복사조도가 균일한 광원장치를 제작하였으며 MTF 값이 측정된 표준렌즈를 사용하여 복사기 렌즈용 실시간 MTF측정장치를 교정하였다.

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Photoreduction of Methyl Orange Catalyzed by Nile Red-Adsorbed $TiO_2$/Y Zeolites using Visible Light

  • Lee, Jeong-Jin;Kim, Yanghee;Minjoong Yoon
    • Journal of Photoscience
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.27-32
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    • 2001
  • Photoreduction of Methyl Orange Catalyzed by Nile Red-Adsorbed TiO$_2$/Y zeolites. Nile Red was successfully adsorbed on TiO$_2$/Y zeolites and the absorption profile is very broad with maxima, ca. 630 nm. The peak is largely red-shifted compared to that observed in hydrocarbon solvents. Furthermore, a broad and largely Stokes shifted emission band as observed around 660 nm. The largely Stokes shifted emission band should be originated from the excited state structural changes. In order to understand the photocatalytic activities of Nile Red-adsorbed TiO$_2$/Y zeolite, the photoreduction of Methyl Orange(5.0$\times$10$^{-5}$ M) was studied using visible light beyond 320 nm. Methyl Orange was effectively reduced by Nile Red-adsorbed TiO$_2$/Y zeolite, indicating the photocatalytic activity of Nile Red-adsorbed TiO$_2$ zeolites was enhanced by about eight times higher than that of TiO$_2$/Y zeolite.

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