• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.171-174
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• 1998

A class of non-parametric detectors based on quantized m-dimensional noise sample space is introduced. Due to assuming the nongaussian noise as a channel model, it is not easy to design the detector through estimating the unknown functional form of noise; instead equiprobably partitioning m-dimensional noise into a finite number of regions, using a VQ and quantiles obtained by RMSA algorithm is used in this paper to design detectors. To show the comparison of performance between single sample detector and system suggested here, Monte-Carlo simulations were used. The effect of signal pulse shape on the receiver performance is analyzed too.

• Water for future
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.49-54
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• 1980

Meandering has been attributed to the earth's rotation, to the excessive slope and energy of a river, to changes in stage, etc. The purpose of this study is a geometrical approach of meander shape and to derive the relationship among meander characteristics. In the analysis of sime field examples, in spite of variety of meander shapes, the sine-generated curve was fit actual quite well and better than alternatives against the channel distance. An attempt is made to find considerable relation among meander characteristics. But width and meanderbelt did not show any defined trend considerable scatter of points was observed.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.226-227
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• 2003

광자 크리스탈 (Photonic Crystals)은 서로 다른 유전체의 주기적인 구조로 이루어져 있으며, 전자기파가 특정한 주파수 범위에서 전파하지 못하고 차단되는 영역인 광자 밴드갭 (Photonic Band Gap)이 존재한다. 이러한 광자 밴드갭의 존재로 인하여 빛의 흐름을 조절할 수 있다는 점 때문에 반사거울, 휘어진 도파로(bent waveguide), 레이저, 채널 드롭핑 필터(channel dropping filter) 등 여러 가지 다양한 분야에 응용될 수 있다. (중략)

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.105-112
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• 2008

Disinfection is a basic and effective microorganism inactivation method and historically contributed a decrease in waterborne diseases. To guarantee the disinfection ability, improving T in CT value is important. Many indexes are used to estimate the hydraulic efficiency, however, these are black-box analysis. Therefore it is need to develope new estimation method. In this study, internal short-circuiting estimation method (ISEM) is developed using CFD and we inquire into the factor which causes increase of $T_{10}/T$ value as LW ratio increases. And the effect of shape on the relation of LW ratio and $T_{10}/T$ is analyzed. As LW ratio increases, internal short-circuiting index (ISI) of influent and effluent zone is rapidly reduced and recirculation and dead zone are reduced in channel zone. Therefore, as the $T_{10}/T$ value converges maximum value, ISI curve is changed from "V" shape to "U" shape and hydraulic efficiency is improved especially in downstream portion of clearwell. The less the shape ratio(width/length of clearwell) is the less the $T_{10}/T$ value is at a same LW ratio because the portion of turning zone increases as shape ration decreases, therefore more boundary separation is generated.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2720-2728
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• 2012

Recently flexible mobile terminals which can freely change the shape of their device are coming out with the development of the flexible display, high capacity memory and system integration technology. The display and the antenna configuration of the future terminals will be altered according to the QoS (quality of service) and the communication environment of users. In particular, we present the new emergence of a multimedia language for human and system to communicate over subjective concepts, intention of users. The intension of users is expressed by changing the shape of their mobile terminal. In addition, antenna configuration is also related to shape of terminal and QoS of users. Therefore, we set up a specific usage scenarios for future mobile terminals and propose an adaptive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) schemes that can maximize channel capacity and fit to QoS of users simultaneously.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.30 no.5 s.111
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• pp.375-379
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• 2006

The keel attached on bottom of hull part prevents yacht from flowing sideway by sailing posture. The keel remove a heel moment and make the force of stability. The selection of suitable keel is important bemuse it has an influence on the safety. Also the appendage attached on bottom of keel part lower ballast weight center and have influence on hull stability. The optimum shape about the keel is very important. So this study has compared with characteristics of resistance depending on the shape of the lower part of fin keel in the same surface of water submersion, we have attached three different types of models of lower part of fin keels to the model ships using circulating water channel and analyzed resistance characteristics per shape to arrive at the optimum shape of reduction of resistance.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.23-30
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• 2020

Driving on irregular and inclined roads using agricultural machinery such as spraying machines or trucks in orchards causes farmer casualties associated with the overturning of agricultural machinery. In addition, the harm to agricultural workers caused by the excessive inhalation of the scattered pesticide frequently occurs during pest control processes. To address these problems, we introduced precision agricultural technology that could selectively spray pesticides only where the fruit is present by recognizing the presence or shape of the fruit in the orchard. In this paper, a 16-channel LIDAR (VLP-16) made of Velodyne was used to identify the shape of fruit trees. Solenoid valves were attached to the end parts of 12 nozzles of the orchard spraying machine for on/off control. The smart spraying machine implemented in this way was mounted on a vehicle capable of autonomous travel and performed selective control depending upon the shape of the fruit trees while traveling in the orchards. This is expected to significantly reduce the amounts of pesticides used in orchards and production costs.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.243-252
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to analyze lateral inflow hydrologically. The IUH of lateral inflow is sum of the impulse responses of total cells in basin. This IUH bases on the Muskingum channel routing method, which hydrologically re-analysed to represent it as a linear combination of the linear channel model considering only the translation and the linear reservoir model considering only the storage effect. Rectangular and triangular basins were used as imaginary basins and IUH of each basin were derived. The derived IUH have different characteristics with respect to basin's shape. The storage coefficient of lateral inflow was also derived mathematically using general definitions of concentration time and storage coefficient. As a result, the storage coefficient of lateral inflow could be calculated easily using basin's width, length and hydrological characteristics of channel.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.126-131
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• 2009

To overcome short channel effects, wrap-around field effect transistors have drawn a great deal of attention for their superior electrostatic coupling between the channel and the surrounding gate electrode. In this paper, we introduce a bottom-up technique to fabricate a wrap-around field effect transistor using silicon nanowires as the conduction channel. Device fabrication was consisted mainly of electron-beam lithography, dielectrophoresis to accurately align the nanowires, and the formation of gate electrode using electrochemical deposition. The electrolyte for electrochemical deposition was made up of non-toxic organic-based solution and liquid nitrogen was used as a method of maintaining the shape of polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) during the process of electrochemical deposition. Patterned PMMA can be used as a nano-template to produce wrap-around gate nano-structures.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.302-307
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• 2012

We have designed, fabricated and tested an integrated microfluidic chip with a Planar Hall Effect (PHE) sensor. The sensor was constructed by sequentially sputtering Ta/NiFe/Cu/NiFe/IrMn/Ta onto glass. The microfluidic channel was fabricated with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) using soft lithography. Magnetic nanoparticles suspended in hexadecane were used as ferrofluid, of which the saturation magnetisation was 3.4 emu/cc. Droplets of ferrofluid were generated in a T-junction of a microfluidic channel after hydrophilic modification of the PDMS. The size and interval of the droplets were regulated by pressure on the ferrofluid channel inlet. The PHE sensor detected the flowing droplets of ferrofluid, as expected from simulation results. The shape of the signal was dependent on both the distance of the magnetic droplet from the sensor and the droplet length. The sensor was able to detect a magnetic moment of $2{\times}10^{-10}$ emu at a distance of 10 ${\mu}m$. This study provides an enhanced understanding of the magnetic parameters of ferrofluid in a microfluidic channel using a PHE sensor and will be used for a sample inlet module inside of integrated magnetic lab-on-a-chip systems for the analysis of biomolecules.